Statement of Additional Information |
May 1, 201 1
Investment Adviser: Holland Capital Management LLC One North Wacker Drive, Suite 700 Chicago, Illinois 60606 www.hollandcap.com Account Information and Shareholder Services: Attn: Transfer Agent Atlantic Fund Services P.O. Box 588 Portland, Maine 04112 (800) 295-9779 | Lou Holland Growth Fund Investor Shares (LHGFX) Institutional Shares (LHGIX) A Shares (LHGAX) |
This Statement of Additional Information supplements the Prospectus dated May 1, 201 1, as may be amended from time to time, offering shares of the Lou Holland Growth Fund (the “Fund”), a separate series of Forum Funds, a registered, open-end management investment company. This SAI is not a prospectus and should only be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. You may obtain the Prospectus without charge by contacting Atlantic Fund Services (“Atlantic”) at the address or telephone number or the Fund’s website listed above. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Fund’s Prospectus. In other words, it is legally a part of the Prospectus.
Copies of the Annual Report may be obtained, without charge, upon request, by contacting Atlantic at the address or telephone number listed above.
Table of Contents
Glossary | i |
Fund History | 1 |
Investment Policies and Risks | 1 |
Security Ratings Information | 1 |
Equity Securities | 1 |
Debt Securities | 3 |
Foreign Securities | 5 |
Illiquid and Restricted Securities | 5 |
Leverage Transactions | 6 |
Money Market Instruments | 7 |
Temporary Defensive Position and Cash Investments | 8 |
Investment Company Securities, Exchange Traded Funds and Exchange Traded Notes | 8 |
Core and Gateway | 9 |
Investment Limitations | 9 |
Fundamental Limitations | 9 |
Nonfundamental Limitations | 10 |
Board of Trustees, Management and Service Providers | 11 |
Board of Trustees | 11 |
Principal Officers of the Trust | 13 |
Ownership of Securities of the Adviser and Related Companies | 14 |
Information Concerning Trust Committees | 14 |
Compensation of Trustees and Officers | 15 |
Investment Adviser | 15 |
Distributor | 17 |
Other Fund Service Providers | 18 |
Portfolio Transactions | 20 |
How Securities are Purchased and Sold | 20 |
Commissions Paid | 20 |
Adviser Responsibility for Purchases and Sales and Choosing Broker-Dealers | 21 |
Counterparty Risk | 21 |
Other Accounts of the Adviser | 21 |
Portfolio Turnover | 21 |
Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers | 22 |
Portfolio Holdings | 22 |
Purchase and Redemption Information | 23 |
General Information | 23 |
Additional Purchase Information | 23 |
Additional Redemption Information | 23 |
Taxation | 24 |
Qualification for Treatment as a Regulated Investment Company | 24 |
Fund Distributions | 25 |
Certain Tax Rules Applicable to the Fund’s Transactions | 26 |
Federal Excise Tax | 27 |
Redemption of Shares | 27 |
Backup Withholding | 28 |
State and Local Taxes | 28 |
Foreign Income Tax | 28 |
Other Matters | 28 |
The Trust and Its Shareholders | 28 |
Fund Ownership | 29 |
Limitation on Shareholders’ and Trustees’ Liability | 29 |
Proxy Voting Procedures | 30 |
Code of Ethics | 30 |
Registration Statement | 30 |
Financial Statements | 30 |
Appendix A – Description of Securities Ratings | A-1 |
Appendix B – Miscellaneous Tables | B-1 |
Appendix C – Trust Proxy Voting Procedures | C-1 |
Appendix D – Adviser Proxy Voting Procedures | D-1 |
GLOSSARY
As used in this SAI, the following terms have the meanings listed.
“Administrator” means Atlantic, as defined below, in its capacity as administrator to the Fund.
“Adviser” means Holland Capital Management LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser.
“Atlantic” means Atlantic Fund Services .
“Board” means the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
“CFTC” means the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, includ ing the regulations thereunder, IRS interpretations or similar authority upon which the Fund may rely.
“Custodian” means Union Bank, N.A.
“Distributor” means Foreside Fund Services, LLC.
“Fund” means the Lou Holland Growth Fund, a series of the Trust.
“Fund Accountant” means Atlantic in its capacity as fund accountant to the Fund.
“Independent Trustee” means a Trustee who is not an interested person of the Trust, as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.
“IRS” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
“NAV” means net asset value.
“Predecessor Fund” means the Lou Holland Growth Fund, a series of Lou Holland Trust. On January 29, 2010, the Predecessor Fund reorganized into Investor Shares of the Fund.
“Prospectus” means the prospectus of the Fund.
“SAI” means this Statement of Additional Information.
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC , a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies.
“Transfer Agent” means Atlantic Shareholder Services, LLC.
“Trust” means Forum Funds, a Delaware statutory trust.
“U.S.” means the United States of America.
“U.S. Government Securities” means obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
“1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, includ ing rules and regulations as promulgated thereunder.
“1934 Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, includ ing rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, includ ing the rules and regulations, SEC interpretations and any exemptive orders or interpretive relief as promulgated thereunder .
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FUND HISTORY
On January 29, 2010, the Fund acquired the assets and liabilities of Lou Holland Growth Fund, (the “Predecessor Fund”) a series of the Lou Holland Trust. The Predecessor Fund maintained the same investment objective and similar investment policies to that of the Fund. The Fund is a diversified series of the Trust.
INVESTMENT POLICES AND RISKS
This section supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Fund’s Prospectus. The following are descriptions of permitted investments and investment practices of the Fund and the associated risks. The Fund will invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or practice is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. Please see the Prospectus for a discussion of the Fund’s investment objective, principal investment strategies and principal risks of investing in the Fund.
The greatest risk of investing in a mutual fund is that its returns will fluctuate and you could lose money. Recent events in the financial sector have resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets. Both domestic and foreign equity markets could experience increased volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected, and it is uncertain whether or for how long these conditions could continue. The U.S. Government has taken a number of unprecedented actions to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility and, in some cases, a lack of liquidity. Reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed-income markets may adversely affect many issuers worldwide. This reduced liquidity may result in less money being available to purchase raw materials, goods and services from emerging markets, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples. It may also result in emerging market issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing, which may, in turn, cause a decline in their stock prices. These events and possible continued market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.
A. Security Ratings Information
The Fund’s investments in convertible and other debt securities are subject to the credit risk relating to the financial condition of the issuers of the securities that the Fund holds. To limit credit risk, the Fund may only invest in: (1) convertible and other debt securities that are rated “Baa” or higher by Moody’s or “BBB” or higher by S&P at the time of purchase; and (2) preferred stock rated “baa” or higher by Moody’s or “BBB” or higher by S&P at the time of purchase. The Fund may purchase unrated convertible securities if, at the time of purchase, the Adviser believes that they are of comparable quality to rated securities that the Fund may purchase. Unrated securities may not be as actively traded as rated securities.
Moody’s, S&P and other organizations provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations, including convertible securities. A description of the range of ratings assigned to various types of bonds and other securities is included in Appendix A to this SAI. The Fund may use these ratings to determine whether to purchase, sell or hold a security. Ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Securities with the same maturity, interest rate and rating may have different market prices. The Fund may retain securities whose rating has been lowered below the lowest permissible rating category (or that are unrated and determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to securities whose rating has been lowered below the lowest permissible rating category) if the Adviser determines that retaining such security is in the best interests of the Fund. Because a ratings downgrade often results in a reduction in the market price of the security, sale of a downgraded security may result in a loss. To the extent that a rating change s as a result of changes in an organization or its rating system, the Adviser will attempt to substitute comparable ratings. Credit ratings attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. The rating of an issuer is a view of potential developments related to the issuer and may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. An issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates.
B. Equity Securities
Common and Preferred Stock. The Fund may invest in common and preferred stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price.
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Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights, and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values may fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measure of a company’s worth. If you invest in the Fund, you should be willing to accept the risks of the stock market and should consider an investment in the Fund only as a part of your overall investment portfolio.
Convertible Securities. The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities include debt securities, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a given amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer during a specified period and at a specified price in the future. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest on debt or the dividend on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a company’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics in that they generally: (1) have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities; (2) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying stocks since they have fixed-income characteristics; and (3) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party.
Investment in convertible securities generally entails less risk than an investment in the issuer’s common stock. Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalized companies whose stock price may be volatile. Therefore, the price of a convertible security may reflect variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that nonconvertible debt does not. The extent, to which such risk is reduced, however, depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security.
Warrants. The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are securities, typically issued with preferred stock or bonds that give the holder the right to purchase a given number of shares of common stock at a specified price and time. The price usually represents a premium over the applicable market value of the common stock at the time of the warrant’s issuance. Warrants have no voting rights with respect to the common stock, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer.
Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid market for the resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations due to adverse market conditions or other factors and failure of the price of the common stock to rise. If the warrant is not exercised within the specified time period, it becomes worthless.
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in deposit a ry receipts. A depositary receipt is a receipt for shares of a foreign-based company that entitles the holder to distributions on the underlying security. Depositary receipts include sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and other similar global instruments. The Fund may invest up to 20% of their assets in Depositary Receipts. ADRs typically are issued by a U.S. bank or trust company; evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign company, and are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. EDRs (sometimes called Continental Depositary Receipts) are receipts issued by a European financial institution evidencing an arrangement similar to that of ADRs, and are designed for use in European securities markets. The Fund invests in depositary receipts in order to obtain exposure to foreign securities markets.
Unsponsored depositary receipts may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these receipts generally bear all the costs of the depositary receipt facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored depositary receipt. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored depositary receipt may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Accordingly, available information concerning the issuer may not be current and the prices of unsponsored depositary receipts may be more volatile than the prices of sponsored depositary receipts.
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C. Debt Securities
Corporate Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest in corporate debt obligations. Corporate debt obligations include corporate bonds, debentures, notes, commercial paper and other similar corporate debt instruments. Companies use these instruments to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed at maturity. Commercial paper (short-term unsecured promissory notes) is issued by companies to finance their current obligations and normally has a maturity of less than 9 months. In addition, the Fund may invest in corporate debt securities registered and sold in the U . S . by foreign issuers (Yankee bonds) and those sold outside the U . S . by foreign or U.S. issuers (Eurobonds). The Fund intends to restrict its purchases of these securities to issues denominated and payable in U . S . dollars. The Fund may only invest in commercial paper that is rated in one of the two highest short-term rating categories or, if unrated, is judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.
Financial Institution Obligations. Obligations of financial institutions include, among other things, negotiable certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances. The Fund may invest in negotiable certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances issued by commercial banks doing business in the U . S . that have, at the time of investment, total assets in excess of one billion dollars and are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Certificates of deposit represent an institution’s obligation to repay funds deposited with it that earn a specified interest rate over a given period. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable obligations of a bank to pay a draft, which has been drawn by a customer, and are usually backed by goods in international trade. Certificates of deposit which are payable on the stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest, generally may be withdrawn on demand by the Fund but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that could reduce the Fund’s performance.
U.S. Government Securities. The Fund may invest in U.S. Government Securities. U.S. Government Securities include securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities. U.S. Government Securities may be supported by the full faith and credit of the U . S . (such as mortgage-related securities and certificates of the Government National Mortgage Association and securities of the Small Business Administration); or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the discretionary authority of the U.S. Department of the Treasury to lend to the issuer or the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s commitment to support the issuer’s net worth through preferred stock purchases (such as the securities issued by Fannie Mae (or “FNMA,” formerly the Federal National Mortgage Association) or Freddie Mac (or “FHLMC,” formerly the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation)) .
Holders of U.S. Government Securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the U . S . must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing the obligation for repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the U . S . in the event that the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide support if it were not obligated to do so by law. Neither the U.S. Government nor any of its agencies or instrumentalities guarantees the market value of the securities they issue.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of mortgage loans. Those securities may be guaranteed by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality (such as Ginnie Mae); issued and guaranteed by government-sponsored stockholder-owned corporations, though not backed by the full faith and credit of the U . S . (such as by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and described in greater detail below); or issued by fully private issuers. Private issuers are generally originators of and investors in mortgage loans and include savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers, and special purpose entities. Private mortgage-backed securities may be supported by U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities or some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.
Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned by stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Federal Housing Finance Authority (“FHFA”). Fannie Mae purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers that include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Fannie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on pass-through securities that it issues, but those securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
Freddie Mac is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned by stockholders. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which represent interests in mortgages from Freddie Mac’s national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on the PCs it issues, but those PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
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The U.S. Department of the Treasury has historically had the authority to purchase obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In addition, in 2008, due to capitalization concerns, Congress provided the U.S. Department of the Treasury with additional authority to lend Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock, as described below. In September 2008, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the FHFA announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed in conservatorship.
Since 2009 both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received significant capital support through U.S. Department of the Treasury stock purchases. The U.S. Department of the Treasury announced in December 2009 that it would continue that support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth for at least the next three years. The continuing commitment of the U.S. Department of the Treasury is critical to their solvency. In addition, the Federal Reserve exercised its separate authority in 2009 to purchase mortgage-backed securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; the rate of those purchases is expected to slow and terminate in early 2010. While the U.S. Department of the Treasury is committed to offset negative equity at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac through its stock purchases, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve, U.S. Department of the Treasury, or FHFA initiatives discussed above will ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities they issue. In addition, the future of the entities is in serious question as the U.S. Government reportedly is considering multiple options, ranging on a spectrum from nationalization, privatization, or abolishment.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also have been the subject of several class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators over certain accounting, disclosure, or corporate governance matters. Such legal proceedings and investigations, and any resulting restatements of financial statements, may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities and, as a result, the payment of principal or interest on their securities.
The value of mortgage-backed securities may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, the markets’ perception of issuers, the structure of the securities and the creditworthiness of the parties involved. The ability of the Fund to successfully utilize mortgage-backed securities depends in part upon the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. Some mortgage-backed securities have structures that make their reaction to interest rate changes and other factors difficult to predict.
Prepayments of principal of mortgage-backed securities by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures affect the average life of the mortgage-backed securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by various factors, including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgages and other social and demographic conditions. In periods of rising interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to decrease, lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgage-backed securities. In periods of falling interest rates, the prepayment rate tends to increase, shortening the average life of a pool. The volume of prepayments of principal on the mortgages underlying a particular mortgage-backed security will influence the yield of that security, affecting the Fund’s yield. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, it is likely that the Fund, to the extent they retain the same percentage of fixed-income securities, may have to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments at lower interest rates than those of their previous investments. If this occurs, the Fund’s yield will correspondingly decline. Thus, mortgage-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates (when prepayment of principal is more likely) than other fixed-income securities of comparable duration, although they may have a comparable risk of decline in market value in periods of rising interest rates. A decrease in the rate of prepayments may extend the effective maturities of mortgage-backed securities, reducing their sensitivity to changes in market interest rates. To the extent that the Fund purchases mortgage-backed securities at a premium, unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, result in a loss equal to an unamortized premium.
To lessen the effect of the failures by obligors on Mortgage Assets to make payments, CMOs and other mortgage-backed securities may contain elements of credit enhancement, consisting of either (1) liquidity protection or (2) protection against losses resulting after default by an obligor on the underlying assets and allocation of all amounts recoverable directly from the obligor and through liquidation of the collateral. This protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of these.
Credit Risk. The Fund’s investments in fixed-income securities are subject to credit risk relating to the financial condition of the issuers of the securities that the Fund holds. To limit credit risk, the Fund will generally buy debt securities that are rated in the top four long-term rating categories or in the top two short-term rating categories.
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The Fund may retain a security that ceases to be rated or whose rating has been lowered below the Fund’s lowest permissible rating category if the Adviser determines that retaining the security is in the best interests of the Fund. Because a ratings downgrade often results in a reduction in the market price of the security, sale of a downgraded security may result in a loss.
The Fund may purchase unrated securities if the Adviser determines that the security is of comparable quality to a rated security that the Fund may purchase. Unrated securities may not be as actively traded as rated securities.
D . Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in foreign securities which may be denominated in foreign currencies. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may involve risks in addition to those normally associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers. All foreign investments are subject to risks of: (1) foreign political and economic instability; (2) adverse movements in foreign exchange rates; (3) the imposition or tightening of exchange controls or other limitations on repatriation of foreign capital; and (4) changes in foreign governmental attitudes towards private investment, including potential nationalization, increased taxation or confiscation of the assets.
Dividends and interest payable on foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thereby reducing the income available for distribution to you. Commission rates payable on foreign transactions are generally higher than in the U . S. Foreign accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards differ from those in the U . S . and therefore less information may be available about foreign companies than is available about issuers of comparable U.S. companies. Foreign securities also may trade less frequently and with lower volume and may exhibit greater price volatility than U.S. securities.
Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the U.S. dollar value of all foreign currency-denominated securities held by the Fund. Exchange rates are influenced generally by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign currency markets and by numerous other political and economic events occurring outside the U . S . , many of which may be difficult, if not impossible, to predict.
Income from foreign securities will be received and realized in foreign currencies, and the Fund is required to compute and distribute income in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, a decline in the value of a particular foreign currency against the U.S. dollar after the Fund’s income has been earned and computed in U.S. dollars may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities to acquire sufficient U.S. dollars to make a distribution. Similarly, if the exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund may be required to liquidate additional foreign securities to purchase the U.S. dollars required to meet such expenses.
Custody Risk. Custody risk refers to the risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Acquiring, holding, and transferring interests in securities by book-entry through any security intermediary is subject to the laws and contractual provisions governing the relationship with the intermediary, as well as the laws and contractual provisions governing the relationship between such intermediary and each other intermediary, if any, standing between themselves and the individual security.
Low trading volumes and volatile process in less developed markets make their trades harder to complete and settle. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of the local markets. Governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that are not subject to independent evaluation. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.
E . Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Fund may not acquire securities or invest in repurchase agreements if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets (taken at current value) would be invested in illiquid securities.
The term “illiquid securities” means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities. The Fund has a non-fundamental policy pursuant to which it may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include: (1) repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal within seven days (2) purchased over-the-counter options; (3) securities which are not readily marketable; and (4) except as otherwise determined by the Adviser, securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act (restricted securities).
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Rule 144A Securities, which are restricted securities, may be less liquid investments than registered securities because such securities may not be readily marketable in broad public markets. A Rule 144A restricted security carries the risk that the Fund may not be able to sell the security when the portfolio manager considers it desirable to do so or that the Fund may have to sell the security at a lower price than that which would be available if the security were more liquid. In addition, transaction costs may be higher for 144A securities than for more liquid securities. Although there is a substantial institutional market for Rule 144A securities, it is not possible to predict exactly how the market for Rule 144A securities will develop. A restricted security which when purchased was liquid in the institutional markets may subsequently become illiquid.
Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of a security and the Fund also might have to register a restricted security in order to dispose of it, resulting in expense and delay. The Fund might not be able to dispose of restricted or illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist for any security at any particular time. Any security, including securities determined by the Adviser to be liquid, can become illiquid.
Determination of Liquidity. The Board has the ultimate responsibility for determining whether specific securities are liquid and has delegated this responsibility to the Adviser, pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board. The Adviser determines and monitors the liquidity of the portfolio securities and reports periodically on its decisions to the Board. The Adviser takes into account a number of factors in reaching liquidity decisions, including but not limited to: (1) the frequency of trades and quotations for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (3) the willingness of broker- dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of the transfer.
An institutional market has developed for certain restricted securities. Accordingly, contractual or legal restrictions on the resale of a security may not be indicative of the liquidity of the security. If such securities are eligible for purchase by institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act or other exemptions, the Adviser may determine that the securities are not illiquid.
F . Leverage Transactions
The Fund may use leverage to increase potential returns. Leverage involves special risks and may involve speculative investment techniques. Leverage exists when cash made available to the Fund through an investment technique is used to make additional Fund investments. Borrowing for other than temporary or emergency purposes, lending portfolio securities and purchasing securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, are transactions involving leverage. The Fund uses these investment techniques only when the Adviser believes that the leveraging and the returns available to the Fund from investing the cash will provide investors a potentially higher return.
Leverage creates the risk of magnified capital losses. Losses incurred by the Fund may be magnified by borrowings and other liabilities that exceed the equity base of the Fund. Leverage may involve the creation of a liability that requires the Fund to pay interest (for instance, reverse repurchase agreements) or the creation of a liability that does not entail any interest costs (for instance, forward commitment costs).
The risks of leverage include a higher volatility of the net asset value of the Fund’s shares and the relatively greater effect on the net asset value of the securities caused by favorable or adverse market movements or changes in the cost of cash obtained by leveraging and the yield from invested cash. So long as the Fund is able to realize a net return on its investment portfolio that is higher than interest expense incurred, if any, leverage will result in higher current net investment income for the Fund than if the Fund were not leveraged. Changes in interest rates and related economic factors could cause the relationship between the cost of leveraging and the yield to change so that rates involved in the leveraging arrangement may substantially increase relative to the yield on the obligations in which the proceeds of the leveraging have been invested. To the extent that the interest expense involved in leveraging approaches the net return on the Fund’s investment portfolio, the benefit of leveraging will be reduced, and, if the interest expense on borrowings were to exceed the net return to investors, the Fund’s use of leverage would result in a lower rate of return than if the Fund were not leveraged. In an extreme case, if the Fund’s current investment income were not sufficient to meet the interest expense of leveraging, it could be necessary for the Fund to liquidate certain of its investments at an inappropriate time.
Borrowing and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may borrow money from a bank in amounts up to 33 1/3% of its total assets at the time of borrowing to, among other things, finance the purchase of securities for its portfolio. The Fund
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may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Entering into reverse repurchase agreements and purchasing securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward delivery basis are not subject to the limitation with respect to borrowing money. A reverse repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the Fund sells securities to a bank or securities dealer and simultaneously commits to repurchase the security from the bank or dealer at an agreed upon date and at a price reflecting a market rate of interest unrelated to the sold security. An investment of the Fund’s assets in reverse repurchase agreements will increase the volatility of the Fund’s NAV. The Fund will use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to fund redemptions or to make investments.
Senior Securities. Pursuant to Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act, the Fund may not issue any class of senior security or sell any senior security of which it is the issuer, except that the Fund shall be permitted to borrow from any bank so long as immediately after such borrowings, there is an asset coverage of at least 300% and that in the event such asset coverage falls below this percentage, the Fund shall reduce the amount of its borrowings, within 3 days (excluding Sundays and holidays), to an extent that the asset coverage shall be at least 300%.
Securities Lending. As a fundamental policy, the Fund may lend portfolio securities or participate in repurchase agreements in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions. Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund purchases a security and simultaneously agrees to resell that security to the seller at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon future date, normally, one to seven days later. If the Fund enters into a repurchase agreement, it will retain possession of the purchased securities and any underlying collateral. Securities loans and repurchase agreements must be continuously collateralized and the collateral must have market value at least equal to the value of the Fund’s loaned securities, plus accrued interest or, in the case of repurchase agreements, equal to the repurchase price of the securities, plus accrued interest. In a portfolio securities lending transaction, the Fund receives from the borrower an amount equal to the interest paid or the dividends declared on the loaned securities during the term of the loan as well as the interest on the collateral securities, less any fees (such as finders or administrative fees) the Fund pays in arranging the loan. The Fund may share the interest it receives on the collateral securities with the borrower. The terms of the Fund’s loans permit the Fund to reacquire loaned securities on five business days’ notice or in time to vote on any important matter. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower at any time, and the borrowed securities must be returned when the loan is terminated.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments. The Fund may purchase securities offered on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis. When these transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within two months after the transaction, but delayed settlements beyond two months may be negotiated. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made for the securities purchased by the purchaser and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. At the time the Fund makes the commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, the Fund will record the transaction as a purchase and thereafter reflect the value each day of such securities in determining its NAV. A purchase of securities on a “when-issued” or “forward commitment basis” will not be made if, as a result, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be committed to such transactions.
At the time the Fund makes a commitment to purchase securities in this manner, the Fund immediately assumes the risk of ownership, including the risk that the value of the security may decline. The use of when-issued transactions enables the Fund to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices, but may also increase the volatility of the Fund’s asset value per unit. Failure by a counterparty to deliver a security purchased by the Fund on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis may result in a loss to the Fund or a missed opportunity to make an alternative investment.
Segregated Accounts. In order to attempt to reduce the risks involved in various transactions involving leverage, the Custodian, to the extent required by applicable rules or guidelines, will designate on the Fund’s books, or maintain in a segregated account, cash and liquid assets. The segregated assets’ value, which will be marked to market daily, will be at least equal to the Fund’s commitments under these transactions.
G . Money Market Instruments
The Fund may invest in high-quality money market instruments in order to enable it to do the following: (i) take advantage of buying opportunities; (ii) meet redemption requests or ongoing expenses; (iii) take defensive action as necessary: or (iv) for other temporary purposes. Money market instruments generally are short-term debt instruments that have at the time of purchase remaining maturities of less than 397 days. The money market instruments that may be used by the Fund include:
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Bank and Savings and Loan Obligations . Bank and savings and loan obligations include, among others, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, and time deposits. Certificates of deposit generally are short-term, interest-bearing negotiable certificates issued by commercial banks or savings and loan associations against funds deposited in the issuing institution. Bankers' acceptances are time drafts drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction (e.g., to finance the import, export, transfer, or storage of goods). With bankers' acceptances, the borrower is liable for payment as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Most bankers' acceptances have maturities of six months or less and are traded in secondary markets prior to maturity. Time deposits are generally short-term, interest-bearing negotiable obligations issued by commercial banks against funds deposited in the issuing institutions. In the case of domestic banks, the Fund will not invest in any security issued by a commercial bank or a savings and loan association unless the bank or savings and loan association is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), or in the case of savings and loan associations, insured by the FDIC; provided, however, that such limitation will not prohibit investments in foreign branches of domestic banks which meet the foregoing requirements. The Fund will not invest in time deposits maturing in more than seven days.
Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Corporate Debt Instruments . Commercial paper and other short-term corporate debt instruments include commercial paper (i.e., short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs). Commercial paper is usually sold on a discount basis and has a maturity at the time of issuance not exceeding 270 days. Also included are non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures). Corporate debt securities with a remaining maturity of less than 397 days generally are liquid (and tend to become more liquid as their maturities lessen) and are traded as money market securities. The Fund may purchase corporate debt securities having no more than 397 days remaining to maturity at the date of settlement.
H . Temporary Defensive Position and Cash Investments
The Fund may assume a temporary defensive position and may invest without limit in money market instruments that are of prime quality. Prime quality money market instruments are those instruments that are rated in one of the two highest short-term rating categories or, if not rated, determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Fund also may invest in prime quality money market instruments pending investment of cash balances.
Money market instruments usually have maturities of one year or less and fixed rates of return. The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest include U.S. Government Securities, commercial paper, time deposits, bankers acceptances and certificates of deposit issued by domestic banks, corporate notes and short-term bonds and money market mutual funds. The Fund may only invest in money market mutual funds to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest may have variable or floating rates of interest. These obligations include master demand notes that permit investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangement with the issuer of the instrument. The issuer of these obligations often has the right, after a given period, to prepay the outstanding principal amount of the obligations upon a specified number of days’ notice. These obligations generally are not traded, nor generally is there an established secondary market for these obligations. To the extent a demand note does not have a 7-day or shorter demand feature and there is no readily available market for the obligation, it is treated as an illiquid security.
I . Investment Company Securities, Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”) and Exchange Traded Notes (“ETNs”)
Open-End and Closed-End Investment Companies. The Fund may invest in other open-end and closed-end investment companies consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies. The Fund may also invest in money market mutual funds, pending investment of cash balances. The Fund will limit its investment in the securities of other open-end and closed-end investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. With certain exceptions, such provisions generally permit the Fund to invest up to 5% of its assets in another investment company, up to 10% of its assets in investment companies generally and to hold up to 3% of the shares of another investment company. The Fund’s investment in other investment companies may include money market mutual funds, which are not subject to the percentage limitations set forth above.
The Fund, as a shareholder of another investment company, will bear its pro-rata portion of the other investment company’s advisory fee and other expenses, in addition to its own expenses, and will be exposed to the investment risks associated with the other investment company. To the extent that the Fund invests in closed-end companies that invest primarily in the common stock of companies located outside the U . S . , see the risks related to foreign securities described in the section entitled “Investment Policies and Risks – Foreign Securities” above.
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ETFs and ETNs . The Fund may invest in ETFs, which are registered investment companies, or trusts that are bought and sold on a securities exchange. The Fund may also invest in exchange traded notes (“ETN”), which are structured debt securities. Whereas ETFs’ liabilities are secured by their portfolio securities, ETNs’ liabilities are unsecured general obligations of the issuer. Most ETFs and ETNs are designed to track a particular market segment or index. ETFs and ETNs have expenses associated with their operation, typically including, with respect to ETFs, advisory fees. When the Fund invests in an ETF or ETN, in addition to directly bearing expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear its pro rata portion of the ETF’s or ETN’s expenses.
The risks of owning an ETF or ETN generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF or ETN is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF or ETN could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. In addition, because of ETF or ETN expenses, compared to owning the underlying securities directly, it may be more costly to own an ETF or ETN. The value of an ETN security should also be expected to fluctuate with the credit rating of the issuer.
J . Core and Gateway�
The Fund may seek to achieve its investment objective by converting to a Core and Gateway structure. The Fund operating under a Core and Gateway structure holds, as its only investment, shares of another investment company having substantially the same investment objective and policies. The Board will not authorize conversion to a Core and Gateway structure if it would materially increase costs to the Fund’s shareholders. The Board will not convert the Fund to a Core and Gateway structure without notice to the shareholders.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted the following investment policies which are fundamental policies that may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as defined by the 1940 Act. As defined by the 1940 Act, a “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund” means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund or (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. The Fund’s investment objective is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without shareholder approval. Nonfundamental policies may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
For purposes of the following limitations, all percentage limitations apply immediately after a purchase or initial investment. Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of the investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such restrictions. If at any time the Fund’s borrowings exceed its limitations due to a decline in net assets, such borrowings will be reduced promptly to the extent necessary to comply with the limitation.
A. Fundamental Limitations
The Fund has adopted the following investment limitations that cannot be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. The Fund may not:
1. Borrowing Money
Borrow money if, as a result, outstanding borrowings would exceed an amount equal to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets.
2. Concentration
Invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in any one industry, except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in cash or cash items, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities or instruments secured by these money market instruments, such as repurchase agreements. For purposes of this restriction, the Fund will not consider “cash items” to include certificates of deposit or other bank obligations.
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3. Diversification
Make an investment unless 75% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other investment companies and other securities. For purposes of this restriction, the purchase of “other securities” is limited so that no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in any one issuer. As a matter of operating policy, the Fund will not consider repurchase agreements to be subject to the above-stated 5% limitation if all the collateral underlying the repurchase agreements are U.S. Government securities and such repurchase agreements are fully collateralized.
4. Underwriting Activities
Underwrite securities issued by other persons except, to the extent that in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter.
5. Making Loans
Make loans to other parties. For purposes of this limitation, entering into repurchase agreements, lending securities and acquiring any debt security are not deemed to be the making of loans.
6. Purchases and Sales of Real Estate
Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities backed by real estate or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business) operations and securities that are secured by interests in real estate.
7. Purchases and Sales of Commodities
Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities).
8. Issuance of Senior Securities
Issue any class of senior securities to any other class of securities except pursuant to Section 18 of the 1940 Act and any interpretations or no-action positions thereof.
NonFundamental Limitations. The Fund has adopted the following investment limitations that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.
1. Securities of Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in the securities of other open-end investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, including interpretations and no-action positions. Currently, with certain exceptions, the 1940 Act limits investments in other investment companies if immediately thereafter the Fund (i) owns no more than 3% of the total outstanding voting securities of any one investment company and (ii) invests no more than 5% of its total assets (taken at market value) in the securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of all other investment companies in the aggregate.
2. Margin and Short Sales
The Fund may not purchase securities on margin or sell securities short, except that the Fund may make margin deposits in connection with permissible options and futures transactions subject to the Fund’s limitations on investments in commodities and options and spreads, may make short sales “against the box” (in a short sale “against the box,” the Fund sells short a security in which it maintains a long position at least equal in amount to the position sold short), and may obtain short-term credits as may be necessary for clearance of transactions.
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3. Illiquid Securities
The Fund may not knowingly purchase or otherwise acquire any security or invest in a repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days, if as a result, more than 15% of the net assets of the Fund would be invested in securities that are illiquid or not readily marketable, including repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and non-negotiable fixed time deposits with maturities over seven days. The Fund may invest without limitation in “restricted securities” (securities which are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) provided such securities are considered to be liquid.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES, MANAGEMENT AND SERVICE PROVIDERS
A. Board of Trustees
The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees. The Board is responsible for and oversees the overall management and operations of the Trust and the Fund, which includes the general oversight and review of the Fund’s investment activities, in accordance with federal law, Delaware law and the stated policies of the Fund. The Board oversees the Trust’s officers and service providers, including the Adviser, who is responsible for the management of the day-to-day operations of the Fund based on policies and agreements reviewed and approved by the Board. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Board regularly interacts with and receives reports from senior personnel of service providers and the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). The Board also is assisted by the Trust’s independent auditor (who reports directly to the Trust’s Audit Committee), independent counsel and other experts as appropriate, all of whom are selected by the Board.
Board Structure and Related Matters . Board members, who are Independent Trustees, constitute at least two-thirds of the Board. J. Michael Parish, an Independent Trustee, serves as Independent Chair of the Board. The Independent Chair’s responsibilities include: setting an agenda for each meeting of the Board; presiding at all meetings of the Board and Independent Trustees; and serving as a liaison with other trustees, the Trust’s officers, other management personnel and counsel to the Fund. The Independent Chair shall perform such other duties as the Board may from time to time determine.
The trustees discharge their responsibilities collectively as a Board, as well as through Board committees, each of which operates pursuant to a charter or procedures approved by the Board that delineates the specific responsibilities of that committee. The Board has established four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee, the Valuation Committee and the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. The members and responsibilities of each Board committee are summarized on page 15.
The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Chair position and its committees, is appropriate for the Trust in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Fund, the number of funds overseen by the Board, the arrangements for the conduct of the Fund’s operations, the number of trustees, and the Board’s responsibilities. On an annual basis, the Board conducts a self-evaluation that considers, among other matters, whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively and whether, given the size and composition of the Board and each if its committees, the trustees are able to oversee effectively the number of funds in the complex.
The Board holds four regularly scheduled in-person meetings and schedules four telephonic meetings each year. The Board may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone, to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Trustees also hold at least one in-person meeting each year during a portion of which management is not present and may hold special meetings, as needed, either in person or by telephone.
The trustees are identified in the table below, which provides information as to their principal business occupations held during the last five years and certain other information. Each Trustee serves until his or her death, resignation or removal and replacement. The address for all trustees is c/o Atlantic Fund Services, Three Canal Plaza, Suite 600, Portland, Maine, 04101. Each Trustee oversees 20 series of the Trust. John Y. Keffer is considered an interested trustee due to his affiliation with Atlantic. Mr. Keffer is also an interested director of the Wintergreen Fund, Inc., another registered open-end investment company.
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Name and Year of Birth | Position with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Independent Trustees | |||
J. Michael Parish Born: 1943 | Chairman of the Board; Trustee; Chairman, Nominating Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee | Since 1989 (Chairman since 2004) | Retired since 2003. |
Costas Azariadis Born: 1943 | Trustee; Chairman, Valuation Committee | Since 1989 | Professor of Economics, Washington University since 2006; Professor of Economics, University of California-Los Angeles 1992-2006. |
James C. Cheng Born: 1942 | Trustee; Chairman, Audit Committee | Since 1989 | President, Technology Marketing Associates (marketing company for small- and medium-sized businesses in New England) since 1991. |
Interested Trustee | |||
John Y. Keffer 1 Born: 1942 | Trustee; Vice Chairman | Since 1989 | Chairman, Atlantic since 2008; President, Forum Foundation (a charitable organization) since 2005; President, Forum Trust, LLC (a non-depository trust company chartered in the State of Maine) since 1997. |
1 Since 1997, John Y. Keffer has been president and owner of Forum Trust, LLC. Prior to January 1, 2010, Atlantic was a wholly owned subsidiary of Forum Trust, LLC. Effective January 1, 2010, Atlantic became a wholly owned subsidiary of Forum Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation that is wholly owned by Mr. Keffer.
In addition to the information set forth in the table above, each Trustee possesses other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills. The following provides additional information about these qualifications and experience.
J. Michael Parish: Mr. Parish has experience as a business attorney and long-time member of a law firm; service on the board of the foundation Hackensack Riverkeeper, Inc., and a private university; and multiple years of service as a Trustee and as Independent Chair. Mr. Parish also served as a Trustee of Monarch Funds, a Massachusetts business trust and open-end management investment company, from 2003 to 2009.
Costas Azariadis: Mr. Azariadis has extensive experience with finance and economics, having served as a professor of economics at various top universities and a member of the various committees of the governing body of universities; and multiple years of service as a Trustee. Mr. Azariadis also served as a Trustee of Monarch Funds from 2003 to 2009.
James C. Cheng: Mr. Cheng has organizational experience as chairman and chief executive officer of a private marketing company; experience as a co-founder of an information technology firm; experience as a consultant; and multiple years of service as a Trustee. Mr. Cheng also served as a Trustee of Monarch Funds from 2003 to 2009.
John Y. Keffer: Mr. Keffer has extensive experience in the investment management industry, including organizational experience as chairman and chief executive officer of a fund service provider; and multiple years of service as a Trustee. Mr. Keffer also served as a Trustee of Monarch Funds from 2003 to 2009 and continues to serve as an interested director of Wintergreen Fund, Inc., another open-end management investment company.
Risk Oversight . Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Trust and the Fund, the Board oversees the management of risks relating to the administration and operation of the Trust and the Fund. The Adviser, as part of its responsibilities for the day-to-day operations of the Fund, is responsible for day-to-day risk management. The Board, in the exercise of its reasonable business judgment, also separately considers potential risks that may impact the Fund. The Board performs this risk management oversight directly and, as to certain matters, through its committees described below and through the Independent Trustees. The following provides an overview of the principal, but not all, aspects of the Board’s oversight of risk management for the Trust and the Fund.
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In general, the Fund’s risks include, among others, investment risk, valuation risk, compliance risk and operational risk. The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address these and other risks to the Trust and the Fund. In addition, under the general oversight of the Board, the Adviser and other service providers have themselves adopted a variety of policies, procedures and controls designed to address particular risks. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Further, the Adviser oversees and regularly monitors the investments, operations and compliance of the Fund’s investments.
The Board also oversees risk management for the Trust and the Fund through review of regular reports, presentations and other information from officers of the Trust and other persons. Senior officers of the Trust, senior officers of the Adviser and the Trust’s CCO regularly report to the Board on a range of matters, including those relating to risk management. In this regard, the Board periodically receives reports regarding other service providers to the Trust, either directly or through the CCO. On at least a quarterly basis, the Independent Trustees meet with the CCO to discuss matters relating to the Fund’s compliance program. Further, at least annually, the Board receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Fund’s compliance program.
The Board also regularly receives reports from the Adviser with respect to the investments and securities trading of the Fund. For example, typically, the Board receives reports, presentations and other information from the Adviser on at least an annual basis in connection with the Board’s consideration of the renewal of the Fund’s advisory agreement with the Adviser. Also, if applicable, the Board receives reports from the Adviser and other service providers in connection with the Board’s consideration of the renewal of any distribution plan of the Fund under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Senior officers of the Trust and senior officers of the Adviser also report regularly to the Valuation and Audit Committees on valuation matters, internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. In addition, the Audit Committee receives regular reports from the Trust’s independent auditors on internal control and financial reporting matters.
Trustee Ownership in the Fund and Other Series of the Trust.
Trustees | Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership in the Fund as of December 31, 2010 | Aggregate Dollar Range of Ownership as of December 31, 2010 in all Funds Overseen by Trustee in the Trust |
Interested Trustee | ||
John Y. Keffer | None | $10,001-$50,000 |
Independent Trustees | ||
Costas Azariadis | None | None |
James C. Cheng | None | None |
J. Michael Parish | None | Over $100,000 |
B. Principal Officers of the Trust
The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. As of the date of this SAI, the officers of the Trust, their year of birth, their business address and their principal occupations during the past five years are as set forth below. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each officer is c/o Atlantic Fund Services, Three Canal Plaza, Suite 600, Portland, Maine 04101.
Name and Year of Birth | Position with the Trust | Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Officers | |||
Stacey E. Hong Born: 1966 | President; Principal Executive Officer | Since 2008 | President, Atlantic since 2008; Director, Consulting Services, Foreside Fund Services 2007; Elder Care, 2005-2006. |
Karen Shaw Born: 1972 | Treasurer; Principal Financial Officer | Since 2008 | Senior Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Section Manager/Vice President, Enterprise Support Services, Citigroup 2003-2008. |
David Faherty Born: 1970 | Vice President | Since 2009 | Senior Counsel, Atlantic since 2009; Vice President, Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. 2007-2009.; Associate Counsel, Investors Bank & Trust Co. 2006-2007. |
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Michael J. McKeen Born: 1971 | Vice President | Since 2009 | Senior Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Vice President, Citigroup 2003-2008. |
Joshua LaPan Born: 1973 | Vice President | Since 2009 | Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Vice President, Citigroup 2003-2008. |
Timothy Bowden Born: 1969 | Vice President | Since 2009 | Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Vice President, Citigroup 2005-2008. |
Lina Bhatnagar Born: 1971 | Secretary | Since 2008 | Senior Administration Specialist, Atlantic since 2008; Regulatory Administration Specialist, Citigroup 2006-2008. |
C. Ownership of Securities of the Adviser and Related Companies
As of December 31, 2010 , no Independent Trustee or any of his immediate family members owned, beneficially or of record, securities of any Trust investment adviser, sub-adviser, its principal underwriter, or any person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with any Trust investment adviser or principal underwriter.
D. Information Concerning Trust Committees
1. Audit Committee
The Trust’s Audit Committee, which meets when necessary, consists of Messrs. Azariadis, Cheng and Parish, constituting all of the Independent Trustees. Pursuant to a charter adopted by the Board, the Audit Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the quality and integrity of the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices of the Trust. It is directly responsible for the appointment, termination, compensation and oversight of work of the independent auditors to the Trust. In so doing, the Committee reviews the methods, scope and results of the audits and audit fees charged, and reviews the Trust’s internal accounting procedures and controls. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 20 1 0, the Audit Committee met four times.
2. Nominating Committee
The Trust’s Nominating Committee, which meets when necessary, consists of Messrs. Azariadis, Cheng, and Parish, constituting all of the Independent Trustees. Pursuant to a charter adopted by the Board, the Nominating Committee is charged with the duty of nominating all trustees and committee members, and presenting these nominations to the Board. The Nominating Committee will not consider any nominees for Trustee recommended by security holders. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 20 1 0, the Nominating Committee did not meet.
3. Valuation Committee
The Trust’s Valuation Committee, which meets when necessary, consists of Messrs. Azariadis, Cheng, Keffer, or Parish, the President or the Treasurer, a representative of the Fund Accountant and, if needed, a portfolio manager or a senior representative of the investment advisers to the Trust series holding securities that require fair valuation. Pursuant to the Trust’s Pricing and Valuation Procedures, the Valuation Committee oversees the pricing of the Fund’s shares and the activities of the Fund Accountant and the Adviser in connection with the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities; selects from time to time, subject to approval by the Board, independent pricing services to provide a market value or fair value of any portfolio security approved by the Board; makes and monitors fair value determinations pursuant to these Procedures; and carries out any other supervisory functions delegated to it by the Board relating to the valuation of Fund portfolio securities. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 20 1 0, the Valuation Committee met 145 times.
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4. Qualified Legal Compliance Committee
The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (the “QLCC’), which meets when necessary, consists of Messrs. Azariadis, Cheng and Parish, constituting all of the Independent Trustees. The QLCC evaluates and recommends resolutions to reports from attorneys servicing the Trust regarding evidence of material violations of applicable federal and state law or the breach of fiduciary duties under applicable federal and state law by the Trust or an employee or agent of the Trust. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 20 1 0, the QLCC Committee did not meet.
E. Compensation of Trustees and Officers
Each Trustee is paid an annual fee of $45,000 for service to the Trust. The Chairman of the Board is paid an annual fee of $66,000. In addition, the Chairman receives a monthly stipend of $500 to cover certain expenses incurred in connection with his duties to the Trust. The trustees and Chairman may receive additional fees for special Board meetings. Each Trustee is also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with his duties as a Trustee, including travel and related expenses incurred in attending Board meetings. No officer of the Trust is compensated by the Trust, but officers are reimbursed for travel and related expenses incurred in attending Board meetings held outside of Portland, Maine.
The following table sets forth the fees paid to each Trustee by the Fund and the Trust for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 .
Trustee | Compensation from the Fund | Pension or Retirement Benefits | Total Compensation from the Trust |
John Y. Keffer | $0 | N/A | $0 |
Costas Azariadis | $369 | N/A | $40,500 |
James C. Cheng | $369 | N/A | $41,000 |
J. Michael Parish | $553 | N/A | $61,500 |
F. Investment Adviser
Services of Adviser. The Adviser serves as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust (the “Advisory Agreement”). Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser furnishes, at its own expense, all services, facilities and personnel necessary in connection with managing the Fund’s investments and effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund. The Adviser may compensate brokers or other service providers (“Financial Intermediaries”) out of its own assets, and not as additional charges to the Fund, in connection with the sale and distribution of shares of the Fund and/or servicing of these shares.
Ownership of Adviser. The Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company that is 100% employee owned.
Information Concerning Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers.
The following table provides information regarding other accounts managed by the portfolio managers as of December 31, 20 1 0:
Monica L. Walker | Number Of Accounts | Total Assets | |
registered investment companies: | 1 | $ 55,265,866 | |
other pooled investment vehicles: | 0 | 0 | |
other accounts: | 43 2* | $ 1,148,770,593 $ 516,963,541 |
Carl R. Bhathena | Number Of Accounts | Total Assets | |
registered investment companies: | 1 | $ 55,265,866 | |
other pooled investment vehicles: | 0 | 0 | |
other accounts: | 43 2* | $ 1,148,770,593 $ 516,963,541 |
*These accounts earn performance-based fees.
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Conflicts of Interest for Portfolio Managers. Portfolio managers at the Adviser manage portfolios for multiple clients. These accounts may include mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions such as pension funds, insurance companies, or foundations), commingled trust accounts, and other types of funds. They may have investment objectives, strategies and risk profiles that differ from those of the Fund. Managers make investment decisions for each portfolio, including the Fund, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that client portfolio.
In managing other accounts, certain material conflicts of interest may arise. Potential conflicts include, for example, conflicts between the investment strategy of the Fund and the investment strategy of other accounts managed by the Fund’s portfolio managers and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities between the Fund and such other accounts. Potential material conflicts may also arise in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other, or where the other accounts have higher or performance-based fee arrangements.
The Adviser has a fiduciary responsibility to treat all clients fairly. The Adviser has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures that it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, the Adviser monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with the account’s guidelines, the allocation of securities, and compliance with its Code of Ethics.
Information Concerning Compensation of Portfolio Managers. Monica L. Walker and Carl R. Bhathena have ownership interests in the Adviser. The compensation package for portfolio managers who are owners of the Adviser is based on years of experience in the industry as well as competitive market factors and reflects a portfolio manager’s contribution to the Adviser’s success as well as his or her contribution and participation as an owner of the Adviser.
A portion of the overall compensation may include annual cash bonuses dependent upon the overall performance of the firm, as determined by Holland Capital’s Board and as measured by pre-tax portfolio results net-of-fees relative to their respective benchmarks for the past year, the increase in assets under management and increase in pre-tax income. Portfolio managers/ owners receive income based upon the overall financial performance of the firm commensurate with their interest in the company.
In addition to being a co-portfolio manager of the Fund and other equity accounts of the Adviser, Mr. Bhathena is also a Senior Equity Analyst of the Adviser and his incentive compensation is more quantitatively derived and is based on both individual and team performance. Mr. Bhathena’s compensation is structured in a manner that aligns his performance with client performance objectives and ensures rewards for major contributions to portfolio performance.
Portfolio Managers’ Ownership in the Fund . Monica L. Walker and Carl R. Bhathena are the Fund’s portfolio manager(s) and are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. The following table provides information regarding other accounts managed by the portfolio managers as of December 31, 2010.
Portfolio Manager | Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned as of December 31, 20 1 0 |
Monica L. Walker | $100,001- $500,000 |
Carl R. Bhathena | $0-$10,000 |
Fees. Investment management fees are paid to the Adviser monthly at the following annualized rates based on a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund: 0.85% of average daily net assets up to $500 million, 0.75% of average daily net assets up to the next $500 million, and 0.65% of average daily net assets in excess of $1 billion.
Based on a fee reduction and expense reimbursement agreement through May 1, 2013, the Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce Fund expenses to the extent that “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses” (excluding, taxes, interest, portfolio transaction expenses and other extraordinary expenses) of Investor Shares exceed the annual rate of 1.35%. Based on a fee reduction and expense reimbursement agreement through May 1, 201 2 , the Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce Fund expenses of Institutional Shares and A Shares to the extent that “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses” (excluding, taxes, interest, portfolio transaction expenses and other extraordinary expenses) of Institutional Shares and A Shares exceed the annual rate of 1.20% and 1.40%, respectively.
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The advisory fee, if not waived, is accrued daily by the Fund and is assessed based on average daily net assets for the prior month. The advisory fee is paid monthly based on average daily net assets for the prior month.
In addition to receiving its advisory fee from the Fund, the Adviser may also act and be compensated as investment manager for its clients with respect to assets they invested in the Fund. If you have a separately managed account with the Adviser with assets invested in the Fund, the Adviser will credit an amount equal to all or a portion of the fees received by the Adviser against any investment management fee received from you.
Table 1 in Appendix B shows the dollar amount of the fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser, the amount of fees waived/reimbursed by the Adviser, and the actual fees retained by the Adviser. The data presented are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations) .
Advisory Agreement. The Adviser is not affiliated with Atlantic or any company affiliated with Atlantic. The Fund’s Advisory Agreement remains in effect for a period of two years from the date of its effectiveness and then the Advisory Agreement must be approved at least annually by the Board or by majority vote of the shareholders, and in either case by a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the agreements or interested persons of any such party (other than as trustees of the Trust).
The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust with respect to the Fund on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by a majority vote of the Board, or by the Adviser on 60 days’ written notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates immediately upon assignment.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is not liable for any error of judgment, mistake of law, or in any event whatsoever except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the agreement.
G. Distributor
Distribution Services. The Distributor (also known as the principal underwriter) of the Fund is located at Three Canal Plaza, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust dated March 31, 2009, the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of the Fund’s shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related Fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through whom they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their intermediary. The financial intermediaries, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Fund for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 Plan is effective. The Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for distribution-related services.
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor receives, and may reallow to certain financial intermediaries, all or a portion of the sales charge paid by the purchasers of A Shares. The Distributor may also retain any portion of the commissions that are not paid to financial intermediaries, which may be used to pay distribution-related expenses. The
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Adviser, at its expense, pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services for the Fund, including licensing certain employees of the Adviser as registered representatives of the Distributor to facilitate the distribution of Fund shares.
Distribution Plan (Investor Shares and A Shares). The Trust has adopted a Rule 12b-1 plan under which the Fund is authorized to pay to the Distributor or any other entity approved by the Board, including the Adviser, (collectively, “payees”) as compensation for the distribution-related and/or shareholder services provided by such entities, an aggregate fee equal to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Investor Shares and A Shares. The payees may pay any or all amounts received under the Rule 12b-1 plan to other persons for any distribution or service activity conducted on behalf of the Fund. The plan is a core component of the ongoing distribution of Investor Shares and A Shares. The Distributor may reimburse certain distribution-related and/or shareholder servicing expenses incurred by the Adviser.
The plan provides that payees may incur expenses for distribution and service activities including, but not limited to: (1) any sales, marketing and other activities primarily intended to result in the sale of the Fund’s shares and (2) providing services to holders of shares related to their investment in the Fund, including without limitation providing assistance in connection with responding to shareholder inquiries regarding the Fund’s investment objective, policies and other operational features, and inquiries regarding shareholder accounts. Expenses for such activities include compensation to employees and expenses, including overhead and telephone and other communication expenses, of a payee who engages in or supports the distribution of the Fund’s shares, or who provides shareholder servicing such as responding to the Fund’s shareholder inquiries regarding the Fund’s operations; the incremental costs of printing (excluding typesetting) and distributing prospectuses, statements of additional information, annual reports and other periodic reports for use in connection with the offering or sale of the Fund’s shares to any prospective investors; and the costs of preparing, printing and distributing sales literature and advertising materials used by the Distributor, Adviser or others in connection with the offering of the Fund’s shares for sale to the public.
The plan requires the payees to prepare and submit to the Board, at least quarterly, and the Board to review, written reports setting forth all amounts expended under the plan and identifying the activities for which those expenditures were made. The plan obligates the Fund to compensate the Distributor for services and not to reimburse it for expenses incurred.
The following payments made by the Distributor under the plan were used as set forth below during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.
Lou Holland Growth Fund | Advertising | Printing & Mailing of Prospectuses | Compensation to Underwriters | Compensation to Broker-Dealers | Compensation to Sales Personnel | Interest, Carrying or Other Financial Charges |
Investor Shares | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
A Shares | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
The plan provides that it will remain in effect for one year from the date of its adoption and thereafter shall continue in effect provided it is approved at least annually by the shareholders or by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees. The plan further provides that it may not be amended to materially increase the costs, which the Trust bears for distribution/shareholder servicing pursuant to the plan without approval by shareholders of all Investor Shares and A Shares and that other material amendments of the plan must be approved by the Independent Trustees. The plan may be terminated with the respect to the Fund’s Investor Shares and A Shares at any time by the Board, by a majority of the Independent Trustees or by shareholders of the Fund’s Investor Shares and A Shares.
Table 2 in Appendix B shows the dollar amount of the fees accrued by the Fund, the amount of fees waived by the Distributor and the actual fees retained by the Distributor and its agents under the plan. The data is for the past fiscal year.
H. Other Fund Service Providers
1. Administrator, Accountant, Transfer Agent and Compliance Services
Atlantic and its subsidiaries provide administration, fund accounting and transfer agency services to the Fund. Atlantic is a subsidiary of Forum Holdings Corp. John Y. Keffer, a Trustee, is the Chairman of Atlantic and is also the founder and owner of Forum Holdings Corp., the parent entity of Atlantic.
Pursuant to the Atlantic Services Agreement, (the “Services Agreement”), the Fund pays Atlantic a bundled fee for administration, fund accounting and transfer agency services at an annual rate of: 0.12% on the first $150 million in Fund assets, 0.075% on the next $150 million in Fund assets, 0.05% on the next $300 million in Fund assets, 0.03% on the next $400 million in Fund assets and 0.02% on Fund assets exceeding $1 billion. The base fee is subject to an annual minimum of
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$135,000. The Fund also pays Atlantic certain surcharges and shareholder account fees. The fee is accrued daily by the Fund and is paid monthly based on the average net assets, transactions and positions for the prior month.
As administrator, Atlantic administers the Fund’s operations with respect to the Fund, except those that are the responsibility of any other service provider hired by the Trust, all in such manner and to such extent as may be authorized by the Board. The administrator’s responsibilities include, but are not limited to, (1) overseeing the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Fund by others, including its custodian, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent, as well as legal, auditing, shareholder servicing and other services performed for the Fund; (2) preparing for filing and filing certain regulatory filings (i.e. registration statements and semi-annual reports) subject to Trust counsel and/or independent auditor oversight; (3) overseeing the preparation and filing of the Fund’s tax returns, the preparation of financial statements and related reports to the Fund’s shareholders, the SEC and state and other securities administrators; (4) providing the Fund with adequate general office space and facilities and provide persons suitable to the Board to serve as officers of the Trust; (5) assisting the Adviser in monitoring Fund holdings for compliance with prospectus investment restrictions and assist in preparation of periodic compliance reports; and (6) with the cooperation of the Adviser, the officers of the Trust and other relevant parties, preparing and disseminating materials for meetings of the Board.
As fund accountant, Atlantic provides fund accounting services to the Fund. These services include calculating the NAV of the Fund.
Table 3 in Appendix B shows the dollar amount of the fees accrued by the Fund to Atlantic for fund accounting services, the amount of fees waived by Atlantic for fund accounting services and the amount retained by Atlantic under the Services Agreement. The data are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
The Services Agreement continues in effect until terminated, so long as its continuance is specifically approved or ratified with such frequency and in such manner as required by applicable law. After an initial three-year term, the Services Agreement is terminable with or without cause and without penalty by the Trust or by the Administrator on 120 days’ written notice to the other party. The Services Agreement is also terminable for cause by the non-breaching party on at least 60 days’ written notice to the other party, provided that such party has not cured the breach within that notice period. Under the Services Agreement, Atlantic is not liable to the Fund or the Fund’s shareholders for any act or omission, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Services Agreement. The Services Agreement also provides that Atlantic will not be liable to a shareholder for any loss incurred due to a NAV difference if such difference is less than or equal to 0.5% or less than or equal to $25.00. In addition, Atlantic is not liable for the errors of others, including the companies that supply security prices to Atlantic and the Fund.
Table 4 in Appendix B shows the dollar amount of the fees accrued by the Fund to Atlantic for administration services, the amount of fees waived by Atlantic for administration services and the amount retained by Atlantic under the Services Agreement. The data are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
Atlantic serves as transfer agent and distribution paying agent for the Fund. Atlantic is registered as a transfer agent with the Office of Comptroller of the Currency. The Transfer Agent and distribution paying agent maintains an account for each shareholder of record of the Fund and is responsible for processing purchase and redemption requests and paying distributions to shareholders of record.
Atlantic provides a Principal Executive Officer (“PEO”), a Principal Financial Officer (“PFO” and, with the PEO, “Certifying Officers”), a Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), and an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer (“AMLCO”) to the Fund, as well as certain additional compliance support functions (collectively, “Compliance Services”), pursuant to a Compliance Services Agreement dated June 1, 2008 (the “Compliance Services Agreement”).
For making available the CCO, the AMLCO and the Certifying Officers, and for providing the Compliance Services, Atlantic receives a fee from the Funds equal to (i) $20,000 (allocated equally to all Trust series for which the Adviser provides management services) and (ii) $5,000 per Fund.
The Compliance Services Agreement continues in effect until terminated. The Compliance Services Agreement is terminable with or without cause and without penalty by the Board of the Trust or by Atlantic on 60 days’ written notice to the other party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of the Compliance Services Agreement related to CCO services, may be
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terminated at any time by the Board, effective upon written notice to the CCO and Certifying Officers, without the payment of any penalty.
Under the Compliance Services Agreement, (1) Atlantic is not liable to the Fund or the Fund's shareholders for any act or omission, and (2) Atlantic and certain related parties ("Atlantic Indemnitees") are indemnified by the Fund against any and all claims and expenses related to an Atlantic Indemnitee's actions or omissions, except, with respect to clauses (1) and (2), for willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of Atlantic's duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Compliance Services Agreement.
Table 5 in Appendix B shows the dollar amount of the fees accrued by the Fund to Atlantic for Compliance Services, the amount of fees waived by Atlantic, and the actual fees retained by Atlantic. The data is for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
Custodian
Union Bank, N.A. is the Custodian for the Fund and safeguards and controls the Fund’s cash and securities, determines income and collects interest on Fund investments. The Custodian may employ subcustodians to provide custody of the Fund’s domestic and foreign assets. The Custodian is located at 350 California Street, San Francisco, California 94104.
Legal Counsel
K & L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20006, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
BBD, LLP (“BBD”), 1835 Market Street, 26th Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund and provides audit and tax services. BBD audits the annual financial statements of the Fund and provides the Fund with an audit opinion. BBD also reviews certain regulatory filings of the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS |
A. How Securities are Purchased and Sold
Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are fixed-income securities (for instance, money market instruments and bonds, notes and bills) usually are principal transactions. In a principal transaction, the party from whom the Fund purchases or to whom the Fund sells is acting on its own behalf (and not as the agent of some other party such as its customers). These securities normally are purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for the securities. There usually are no brokerage commissions paid for these securities.
Purchases and sales of portfolio securities that are equity securities (for instance, common stock and preferred stock) are generally effected: (1) if the security is traded on an exchange, through brokers who charge commissions; and (2) if the security is traded in the over-the-counter markets, in a principal transaction directly from a market maker. In transactions on stock exchanges, commissions are negotiated.
When transactions are executed in an over-the-counter market, the Adviser will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary in order to obtain best execution, the Adviser will utilize the services of others.
The price of securities purchased from underwriters includes a disclosed fixed commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and prices of securities purchased from dealers serving as market makers reflects the spread between the bid and asked price.
In the case of fixed-income and equity securities traded in the over-the-counter markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup.
B. Commissions Paid
Table 6 in Appendix B shows the aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund, as well as aggregate commissions paid to any affiliate of the Fund or the Adviser.
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C. Adviser Responsibility for Purchases and Sales and Choosing Broker-Dealers
The Adviser places orders for the purchase and sale of securities with broker-dealers selected by and at the discretion of the Adviser. The Fund does not have any obligation to deal with a specific broker or dealer in the execution of portfolio transactions. Allocations of transactions to brokers and dealers and the frequency of transactions are determined by the Adviser in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of the Fund rather than by any formula.
The Adviser seeks “best execution” for all portfolio transactions. This means that the Adviser seeks the most favorable price and execution available. The Fund may not always pay the lowest commission or spread available. Rather, in determining the amount of commissions (including certain dealer spreads) paid in connection with securities transactions, the Adviser takes into account factors such as size of the order, difficulty of execution, efficiency of the executing broker’s facilities (including the research services described below) and any risk assumed by the executing broker. The Adviser may also utilize a broker and pay a slightly higher commission if, for example, the broker has specific expertise in a particular type of transaction (due to factors such as size or difficulty), or it is efficient in trade execution.
The Adviser may also give consideration to brokerage and research services furnished by brokers to the Adviser and may cause the Fund to pay these brokers a higher amount of commission than may be charged by other brokers. Research is designed to augment the Adviser’s own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. This research may include reports that are common in the industry such as industry research reports and periodicals, quotation systems, software for portfolio management and formal databases. Typically, the research will be used to service all of the Adviser’s accounts, although a particular client may not benefit from all the research received on each occasion. The Adviser’s fees are not reduced by reason of the Adviser’s receipt of research services. Since most of the Adviser’s brokerage commissions for research are for economic research on specific companies or industries, and since the Adviser follows a limited number of securities, most of the commission dollars spent for industry and stock research directly benefit the Adviser’s clients and the Fund’s investors.
Table 7 in Appendix B lists each broker to whom the Fund directed brokerage over the last fiscal year in return for research services, the amount of transactions so directed and the amount of commissions earned by the broker therefrom.
D . Counterparty Risk
The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund’s transactions and intends to enter into a transaction only when it believes that the counterparty presents minimal and appropriate credit risks.
E . Other Accounts of the Adviser
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for any other account or investment company that is or may in the future become advised by the Adviser or its affiliates. Investment decisions are the product of many factors, including basic suitability for the particular client involved. Likewise, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the security. In rare instances, the Adviser may effect trades between one client and another, if in the best interest of both parties. In addition, two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event, each day’s transactions in such security are, insofar as is possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which, in the Adviser’s opinion, is in the best interest of the affected accounts and is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of a portfolio security for one client could have an adverse effect on another client that has a position in that security. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for the Fund and other client accounts managed by the Adviser occurs contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large denomination purchases or sales.
F . Portfolio Turnover
The frequency of portfolio transactions of the Fund (the portfolio turnover rate) will vary from year to year depending on many factors. From time to time, the Fund may engage in active short-term trading to take advantage of price movements affecting individual issues, groups of issues or markets. An annual portfolio turnover rate of 100% would occur if all the
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securities in the Fund were replaced once in a period of one year. Higher portfolio turnover rates may result in increased brokerage costs to the Fund and a possible increase in short-term capital gains or losses. Under normal circumstances, the Adviser is a long-term investor with holdings periods for stocks of one to five years, therefore on average, the annual portfolio turnover is expected to be less than 32%. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 1 8 % of the average value of its portfolio.
G . Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers
From time to time, the Fund may acquire and hold securities issued by its “regular brokers and dealers” or the parents of those brokers and dealers. For this purpose, regular brokers and dealers are the 10 brokers or dealers that: (1) received the greatest amount of brokerage commissions during the Fund’s last fiscal year; (2) engaged in the largest amount of principal transactions for portfolio transactions of the Fund during the Fund’s last fiscal year; or (3) sold the largest amount of the Fund’s shares during the Fund’s last fiscal year.
Table 8 in Appendix B lists the regular brokers and dealers of the Fund whose securities (or the securities of the parent company) were acquired during the past fiscal year and the aggregate value of the Fund’s holdings of those securities as of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year.
H . Portfolio Holdings
Portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual fiscal periods are reported to the SEC on Form N-CSR within 10 days of the mailing of the annual or semi-annual report (typically no later than 70 days after the end of each period). Portfolio holdings as of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters are reported to the SEC on Form N-Q within 60 days after the end of such period. You may request a copy of the Fund’s latest semi-annual report to shareholders or a copy of the Fund’s latest Form N-Q which contains the Fund’s portfolio holdings by contacting the Transfer Agent at the address or phone number listed on the cover of this SAI. You may also obtain a copy of the Fund’s latest Form N-CSR and N-Q by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov .
In addition, the Fund’s Adviser makes publicly available, on a quarterly basis, information regarding the Fund’s top ten holdings (including name and percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in each such holding) and the percentage breakdown of the Fund's investments by country, sector and industry, as applicable. This holding information is made available through the Fund’s or the Adviser’s website. This information is released within 15 days after the quarter end.
The Fund’s nonpublic portfolio holdings information is received by certain service providers in advance of public release in the course of performing or enabling them to perform the contractual or fiduciary duties necessary for the Fund’s operations that the Fund has retained them to perform. The Adviser has regular and continuous access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings. In addition, the Administrator, Custodian, Distributor and Fund Accountant as well as independent auditors, proxy voting services, mailing services and financial printers may have access to the Fund’s nonpublic portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis. The trustees, officers, legal counsel to the Trust and to the Independent Trustees, and the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm may receive such information on an as needed basis.
From time to time, nonpublic information regarding the Fund’s portfolio holdings may also be disclosed to certain mutual fund consultants, analysts and rating/ranking entities, or other entities or persons (“Recipients”) that have a legitimate business purpose in receiving such information. Any disclosure of information more current than the latest publicly available nonpublic portfolio holdings information will be made only if a Trust officer determines that: (1) the more current information is necessary for a Recipient to complete a specified task; (2) the Fund has legitimate business purposes for the disclosing the information; and (3) the disclosure is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Any Recipient, other than a ratings or ranking organization, receiving such information shall agree in writing to: (1) keep the information confidential; (2) use it only for agreed-upon purposes; and (3) not trade or advise others to trade securities, including shares of the Fund, on the basis of the information. Such confidentiality agreements entered into for the receipt of nonpublic information shall also provide, among other things, that the Recipient: (1) will limit access to the information to its employees and agents who are obligated to keep and treat such information as confidential; (2) assume responsibility for any breach of the terms of the confidentiality agreement by its employees; and (3) upon request from the Trust, will return or promptly destroy the information. Any recipient that is a ratings or ranking organization receiving such information must have in place control mechanisms to reasonably ensure or otherwise agree that, (1) the holdings information will be kept confidential, (2) no employee shall use the information to effect trading or for their personal benefit and (3) the nature and type of information that any employee, in turn, may disclose to third-parties is limited. The Trust officer shall report to the Board at its next regularly scheduled Board meeting the entering into of an agreement with a Recipient for the disclosure of
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nonpublic portfolio holdings information and shall include in the report the Trust officer’s reasons for determining to permit such disclosure.
No compensation is received by the Fund, nor, to the Fund’s knowledge, paid to the Adviser or any other party in connection with the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The codes of ethics of the Trust and the Adviser are intended to address, among other things, potential conflicts of interest arising from the misuse of information concerning the Fund’s portfolio holdings. In addition, the Fund’s service providers may be subject to confidentiality provisions contained within their service agreements, codes of ethics, professional codes or other similar policies that address conflicts of interest arising from the misuse of such information.
The Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure policy is subject to review by the Fund’s CCO who will report the results of such review at least annually to the Board. Any identified conflict between the interests of shareholders and those of another party resulting from the disclosure of nonpublic portfolio holdings information will be reported to the Board for appropriate action.
There is no assurance that the Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure policy will protect the Fund against potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION |
A. General Information
You may effect purchases or redemptions or request any shareholder privilege by contacting the Transfer Agent.
The Fund accepts orders for the purchase or redemption of shares on any weekday except days when the New York Stock Exchange is closed. U nder unusual circumstances, the Fund may accept orders when the New York Stock Exchange is closed if deemed appropriate by the Trust’s officers.
The shares of the Fund may not be available for sale in the state in which you reside. Please check with your investment professional to determine the Fund’s availability.
B. Additional Purchase Information
Shares of each Fund class are sold on a continuous basis by the Distributor. The Fund reserves the right to refuse any purchase request. Fund shares are normally issued for cash only. In the Adviser’s discretion, however, the Fund may accept portfolio securities that meet the investment objective and policies of the Fund as payment for Fund shares. The Fund will only accept securities that (1) are not restricted as to transfer by law and are not illiquid and (2) have a value that is readily ascertainable (and not established only by valuation procedures).
IRAs . All contributions into an IRA through the automatic investing service are treated as IRA contributions made during the year the contribution is received.
UGMAs/UTMAs . If the custodian’s name is not in the account registration of a gift or transfer to minor (“UGMA/UTMA”) account, the custodian must provide instructions in a manner indicating custodial capacity .
C. Additional Redemption Information
You may redeem shares of the Fund at the NAV per share minus any applicable sales charge or redemption fee. Accordingly, the redemption price per share of the Fund may be lower than its NAV per share. To calculate redemption fees, after first redeeming any shares associated with reinvested distributions, the Fund will use the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method to determine the holding period. Under this method, the date of redemption will be compared with the earliest purchase date of shares held in the account.
If a Financial Institution that maintains an account with the transfer agent for the benefit of its customer accounts agrees in writing to assess and collect redemption fees for the Fund from applicable customer accounts, no redemption fees will be charged directly to the Financial Institution’s account by the Fund. Certain Financial Institutions that collect a redemption fee on behalf of the Fund may not be able to assess a redemption fee under certain circumstances due to operational limitations (i.e., on Fund shares transferred to the Financial Institution and subsequently liquidated). Customers purchasing shares through a Financial Institution should contact the Financial Institution or refer to the customer’s account agreement or plan
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document for information about how the redemption fee for transactions for the Financial Institution’s account or the customer’s account is treated and about the availability of exceptions to the imposition of the redemption fee.
The Fund may redeem shares involuntarily to: (1) reimburse the Fund for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment for shares purchased; or (2) collect any charge relating to transactions effected for the benefit of a shareholder which is applicable to the Fund’s shares as provided in the Prospectus.
Suspension of Right of Redemption . The right of redemption may not be suspended, except for any period during which: (1) the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings) or during which the SEC determines that trading thereon is restricted; (2) an emergency (as determined by the SEC) exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of its securities is not reasonably practicable or as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or (3) the SEC has entered a suspension order permit for the protection of the shareholders of the Fund.
Redemption-In-Kind . Redemption proceeds normally are paid in cash. If deemed appropriate and advisable by the Adviser, the Fund may satisfy a redemption request from a shareholder by distributing portfolio securities pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board. The Trust has filed an election with the SEC pursuant to which the Fund may only effect a redemption in portfolio securities if the particular shareholder is redeeming more than $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s total net assets, whichever is less, during any 90-day period.
NAV Determination . In determining the NAV of a Fund class, securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at current market value using the valuation price provided by an independent pricing service. If no sales price is reported, the mean of the last bid and ask price is used. If market quotations are not readily available, then securities are valued at fair value as determined by the Board (or its delegate).
Distributions . A distribution of net investment income will be reinvested at the applicable Fund class’s NAV (unless you elect to receive distributions in cash) as of the last day of the period with respect to which the distribution is paid. A distribution of net capital gain will be reinvested at the applicable Fund class’s NAV (unless you elect to receive distributions in cash) on the payment date for the distribution. Cash payments may be made more than seven days following the date on which distributions would otherwise be reinvested.
TAXATION |
The tax information set forth in the Prospectus and in this section relates solely to Federal income tax law and assumes that the Fund qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company under that law (as discussed below). Such information is only a summary of certain key Federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. No attempt has been made to present a complete explanation of the Federal tax treatment of the Fund or the tax implications to shareholders. The discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning.
This “Taxation” section is based on the Code in effect on the date hereof. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
All investors should consult their own tax advisors as to the Federal, state, local and foreign tax provisions applicable to them.
A. Qualification for Treatment as a Regulated Investment Company
The Fund intends, for each taxable year, to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under the Code. This qualification does not involve governmental supervision of management or investment practices or policies of the Fund.
The taxable year-end of the Fund is December 31 (the same as the Fund’s fiscal year-end).
Meaning of Qualification
As a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (that is, interest, dividends, the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses) and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital
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gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes to shareholders. To continue to qualify for that treatment, the Fund must satisfy the following requirements:
� | The Fund must distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income each tax year (certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of its taxable year are considered distributions attributable to the previous tax year for purposes of satisfying this requirement). |
� | The Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (1) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities, foreign securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived from its business of investing in securities or those currencies and (2) net income from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (“QPTP”). |
� | The Fund must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash, cash items, U.S. Government Securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of total assets in securities of the issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, equity securities of a QPTP being considered voting securities for these purposes ); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in (a) the securities of any one issuer (other than Government Securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (b) the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (c) the securities of one or more QPTPs. |
Failure to Qualify
If for any tax year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders, and the dividends will be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance. It is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year.
B. Fund Distributions
The Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its investment company taxable income for each tax year. These distributions are taxable to you as ordinary income. A portion of these distributions may qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
A portion of the Fund’s distributions may be treated as “qualified dividend income,” taxable to individuals at a maximum federal tax rate of 15% (0% for individuals in lower tax brackets) if paid on or before December 31, 2012. A distribution is treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder to the extent that the Fund receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that holding period and other requirements are met. To the extent the Fund’s distributions are attributable to other sources, such as interest or capital gains, the distributions are not treated as qualified dividend income. The Fund’s distributions of dividends that it received from REITs generally do not constitute “qualified dividend income.”
The Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its net capital gain for each taxable year. These distributions generally are made only once a year, usually in December, but the Fund may make additional distributions of net capital gain at any time during the year. These distributions are taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your shares. These distributions do not qualify for the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income.
The Fund may have capital loss carryovers (unutilized capital losses from prior years). These capital loss carryovers (which can be used for up to eight years) may be used to offset any current capital gain (whether short-term or long-term). Starting with the Fund’s taxable year ending December 31, 2011, capital loss carryforwards will not expire, and capital loss carryforwards from that or later years will be used before capital loss carryforwards from prior years. All capital loss carryovers are listed in the Fund’s financial statements. Any such losses may not be carried back.
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Distributions by the Fund that do not constitute ordinary income dividends or capital gain dividends will be treated as a return of capital. Return of capital distributions reduce your tax basis in your shares and are treated as gain from the sale of the shares to the extent your basis would be reduced below zero.
Each distribution by the Fund will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether the distribution is paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund (or of another fund). If you receive distributions in the form of additional shares, you will be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares received, determined as of the reinvestment date.
When you purchase shares, their NAV may reflect undistributed net investment income or recognized net capital gain, or unrealized appreciation in the value of the assets of the Fund. A distribution of these amounts is taxable to you in the manner described above, although the distribution economically constitutes a return of capital to you.
Ordinarily, you are required to take distributions by the Fund into income in the year in which they are made. A distribution declared in October, November or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in those months, however, is deemed to be paid by the Fund and received by you on December 31 of that year if the distribution is paid by the Fund in January of the following year.
The Fund in which you invest will send you information annually as to the federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year.
C. Certain Tax Rules Applicable to the Fund’s Transactions
For federal income tax purposes, when put and call options purchased by the Fund expire unexercised, the premiums paid by the Fund give rise to short-term or long-term capital losses at the time of expiration (depending on the length of the respective exercise periods for the options). When put and call options written by the Fund expire unexercised, the premiums received by the Fund give rise to short-term capital gains at the time of expiration. When the Fund exercises a call, the purchase price of the underlying security is increased by the amount of the premium paid by the Fund. When the Fund exercises a put, the proceeds from the sale of the underlying security are decreased by the premium paid. When a put or call written by the Fund is exercised, the purchase price (or the selling price in the case of a call) of the underlying security is decreased (or increased in the case of a call) for tax purposes by the premium received.
Certain listed options, regulated futures contracts and foreign currency contracts are considered “Section 1256 contracts” for federal income tax purposes. Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each tax year are “marked to market” and treated for federal income tax purposes as though sold for fair market value on the last business day of the tax year. Gains or losses realized by the Fund on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses. The Fund can elect to exempt its Section 1256 contracts that are part of a “mixed straddle” (as described below) from the application of Section 1256 of the Code.
Any option, futures contract, forward contract or other position entered into or held by the Fund in conjunction with any other position held by that Fund may constitute a “straddle” for federal income tax purposes. A straddle of which at least one, but not all, the positions are Section 1256 contracts, may constitute a “mixed straddle.” In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of the Fund’s gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that: (1) any loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle may not be recognized to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (2) the Fund’s holding period in straddle positions be suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in a gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (3) the losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions which are part of a mixed straddle and which are non-Section 1256 contracts be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (4) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (5) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred. Various elections are available to the Fund, which may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules, particularly with respect to mixed straddles. In general, the straddle rules described above do not apply to any straddles held by the Fund if all of the offsetting positions consist of Section 1256 contracts.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, gains or
26
losses from the disposition of foreign currencies, from the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency, or from the disposition of a forward contract denominated in a foreign currency which are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the asset and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of that Fund’s net capital gain.
If the Fund owns shares in a foreign corporation that constitutes a “passive foreign investment company” (a “PFIC”) for federal income tax purposes and the Fund does not elect to treat the foreign corporation as a “qualified electing fund” within the meaning of the Code, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income taxation on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives from the PFIC or any gain it derives from the disposition of such shares, even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by that Fund to its shareholders. The Fund may also be subject to additional interest charges in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. Any tax paid by the Fund as a result of its ownership of shares in a PFIC will not give rise to any deduction or credit to the Fund or to any shareholder. A PFIC means any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) if, for the taxable year involved, either (1) it derives at least 75% of its gross income from “passive income” (including interest, dividends, royalties, rents and annuities) or (2) on average, at least 50% of the value (or adjusted tax basis, if elected) of the assets held by the corporation produce “passive income.” The Fund could elect to “mark-to- market” stock in a PFIC. Under such an election, the Fund would include in gross income (and treat as ordinary income) each taxable year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the PFIC stock as of the close of the taxable year over the Fund’s adjusted basis in the PFIC stock. The Fund would be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the PFIC stock over the fair market value of the PFIC stock as of the close of the taxable year, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included by the Fund for prior taxable years. The Fund’s adjusted basis in the PFIC stock would be adjusted to reflect the amounts included in, or deducted from, income under this election. Amounts included in income pursuant to this election, as well as gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the PFIC stock, would be treated as ordinary income. The deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss, as well as loss realized on the sale or other disposition of the PFIC stock to the extent that such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included by the Fund, would be treated as ordinary loss. The Fund generally would not be subject to the deferred tax and interest charge provisions discussed above with respect to PFIC stock for which a mark-to-market election has been made. If the Fund purchases shares in a PFIC and the Fund does elect to treat the foreign corporation as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code, the Fund may be required to include in its income each year a portion of the ordinary income and net capital gains of the foreign corporation, even if this income is not distributed to the Fund. Any such income would be subject to the 90% distribution requirement described above and calendar year distribution requirement described below.
D. Federal Excise Tax
A 4% non-deductible excise tax is imposed on a regulated investment company that fails to distribute in each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of: (1) 98% of its ordinary taxable income for the calendar year and (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ended on October 31 of the calendar year. The balance of the Fund’s income must be distributed during the next calendar year. The Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to income tax for any taxable year ending in the calendar year.
For purposes of calculating the excise tax, the Fund: (1) reduces its capital gain net income (but not below its net capital gain) by the amount of any net ordinary loss for the calendar year; and (2) excludes foreign currency gains and losses incurred after October 31 of any year in determining the amount of ordinary taxable income for the current calendar year. The Fund will include foreign currency gains and losses incurred after October 31 in determining ordinary income for the succeeding calendar year.
The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions of its taxable income and capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for the excise tax. The Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise tax liability.
E. Redemption of Shares
In general, you will recognize gain or loss on the redemption of shares of the Fund in an amount equal to the difference between the proceeds of the redemption and your adjusted tax basis in the shares. All or a portion of any loss so recognized may be disallowed if you purchase the Fund’s shares (for example, by reinvesting dividends) within 30 days before or after the redemption (called a wash sale). If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares purchased. In general, any gain or loss arising from the sale, exchange or redemption of shares of the Fund will be
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considered capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares were held for longer than one year. Any capital loss arising from the redemption of shares held for six months or less, however, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of distributions of net capital gain received on such shares. In determining the holding period of such shares for this purpose, any period during which your risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales or similar transactions is not counted. Capital losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income.
Legislation passed by Congress in 2008 requires the Fund (or its administrative agent) to report to the IRS and furnish to Fund shareholders the cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012, and sold on or after that date. In addition to the present law requirement to report the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares, the Fund will also be required to report the cost basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of Fund shares the Fund will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including average cost. In the absence of an election, the Fund will use a default cost basis method that has not yet been determined. The cost basis method elected by a Fund shareholder (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of Fund shares may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of Fund shares. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them. The current law requirement to report only the gross proceeds from the sale of Fund shares will continue to apply to all Fund shares acquired through December 31, 2011, and sold on and after that date.
F. Backup Withholding
The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Department of the Treasury 28% of distributions, and, in the case of failure described in clause (1) below, the proceeds of redemptions of shares (regardless of whether you realize a gain or a loss) otherwise payable to you if you: (1) have failed to provide a correct taxpayer identification number; (2) are subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly; or (3) have failed to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to backup withholding or that it is a corporation or other “exempt recipient.” Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather any amounts so withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s federal income tax liability or refunded.
Beginning in 2013, distributions from the Fund and gain recognized from the sale or other disposition of Fund shares will be subject to a 3.8% federal Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income” for individuals with incomes exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married and filing jointly).
G. State and Local Taxes
The tax rules of the various states of the U.S. and their local jurisdictions with respect to an investment in the Fund can differ from the federal income taxation rules described above. These state and local rules are not discussed herein. You are urged to consult your tax advisor as to the consequences of state and local tax rules with respect to an investment in the Fund.
H. Foreign Income Tax
Investment income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries and gains it realizes on the disposition of foreign securities may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. The U.S. has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries that may entitle the Fund to a reduced rate of such taxes or exemption from taxes on such income. It is impossible to know the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Fund’s assets to be invested within various countries cannot be determined. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign issuers, the Fund will be eligible and intends to file an election with the Internal Revenue Service to pass through to its shareholders the amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to do so. Pursuant to this election, you will be required to (1) include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund, (2) treat your pro rata share of such foreign taxes as having been paid by you and (3) either deduct such pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing your taxable income or treat such foreign taxes as a credit against federal income taxes. You may be subject to rules which limit or reduce your ability to fully deduct or claim a credit for your pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund in which you invest.
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OTHER MATTERS |
A. The Trust and Its Shareholders
General Information . The Fund is a separate series of the Trust. The Trust is an open-end investment management company organized under Delaware law as a statutory trust on August 29, 1995. On January 5, 1996, the Trust succeeded to the assets and liabilities of Forum Funds, Inc. The Trust’s trust instrument permits the Trust to offer separate series (“funds”) of shares of beneficial interest (“shares”). The Trust reserves the right to create and issue shares of additional funds. The Trust and each fund will continue indefinitely until terminated. Each fund is a separate mutual fund, and each share of each fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that fund. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any fund and all assets of such fund belong solely to that fund and would be subject to liabilities related thereto. The other funds of the Trust are described in one or more separate statements of additional information.
Shareholder Voting and Other Rights . Each share of a fund and each class of shares has equal dividend, distribution , liquidation and voting rights. Fractional shares have those rights proportionately, except that expenses related to the distribution of the shares of each fund or class (and certain other expenses such as transfer agency, shareholder service and administration expenses) are borne solely by those shares. Each fund or class votes separately with respect to the provisions of any Rule 12b-1 plan which pertains to the fund or class and other matters for which separate fund or class voting is appropriate under applicable law. Generally, shares will be voted separately by each fund except if (1) the 1940 Act requires shares to be voted in the aggregate and not by individual funds or (2) the Board determines that the matter affects more than one fund and all affected funds must vote. The Trustees may also determine that a matter only affects certain funds or classes of the Trust and thus only those funds or classes are entitled to vote on the matter. Delaware law does not require the Trust to hold annual meetings of shareholders, and it is anticipated that shareholder meetings will be held only when specifically required by federal or state law. There are no conversion or preemptive rights in connection with shares of the Trust.
All shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the offering, will be fully paid and non-assessable.
A shareholder in a fund is entitled to the shareholder’s pro rata share of all distributions arising from that fund’s assets and, upon redeeming shares, will receive the portion of the fund’s net assets represented by the redeemed shares.
Shareholders representing 10% or more of the Trust’s (or a fund’s) shares may, as set forth in the Trust Instrument, call meetings of the Trust (or fund) for any purpose related to the Trust (or fund), including, in the case of a meeting of the Trust, the purpose of voting on removal of one or more Trustees.
Termination or Reorganization of Trust or Its Series . The Board may, without prior shareholder approval, change the form of organization of the Trust by merger, consolidation or incorporation, so long as the surviving entity is an open-end management investment company. Under the trust instrument, the trustees may also, without shareholder vote, sell and convey all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust to another trust, partnership, association or corporation, or cause the Trust to incorporate in the State of Delaware, so long as the surviving entity is an open-end, management investment company that will succeed to or assume the Trust’s registration statement.
Under the trust instrument, the trustees may sell or convey the assets of a fund or reorganize such fund into another investment company registered under the 1940 Act without a shareholder vote.
B. Fund Ownership
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund.
As of April 4 , 201 1 , the t rustees and officers of the Trust in the aggregate owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Fund.
A s of April 4 , 201 1 , certain shareholders of record owned 5% or more of a class of shares of the Fund. Shareholders known by the Fund to own beneficially 5% or more of a class of shares of the Fund are listed in Table 9 in Appendix B.
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From time to time, certain shareholders may own a large percentage of the shares of the Fund. Accordingly, those shareholders may be able to greatly affect (if not determine) the outcome of a shareholder vote. As of April 4 , 201 1 , the shareholder listed in Table 10 owned more than 25% of the Fund and thus may be deemed to control the Fund. “Control” for this purpose is the ownership of more than 25% of the Fund’s voting securities.
C. Limitations on Shareholders’ and Trustees Liability
Delaware law provides that the Fund shareholders are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit. In addition, the Trust’s trust instrument contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses of the Trust. The Trust’s trust instrument provides for indemnification out of each fund’s property of any shareholder or former shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the fund. The trust instrument also provides that the Trust, on behalf of a fund, shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the fund and satisfy any judgment thereon. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which Delaware law does not apply, no contractual limitation of liability was in effect and the Fund is unable to meet its obligations.
The trust instrument provides that the trustees shall not be liable to any person other than the Trust and its shareholders. In addition, the trust instrument provides that the trustees shall not be liable for any conduct or omission in his capacity as Trustee, provided that a Trustee is not protected against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
D. Proxy Voting Procedures
A copy of the Trust’s and Adviser’s proxy voting procedures are included in Appendix C and Appendix D, respectively. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12 month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by contacting the Transfer Agent at 800-295-9779 , on the Fund’s website at www.hollandcap.com/lhgf_perf.html and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov .
E. Code of Ethics
The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act which is designed to eliminate conflicts of interest between the Fund and personnel of the Trust and the Adviser. The codes permit such personnel to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, subject to certain limitations.
F. Registration Statement
This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Trust’s registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered hereby. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, are qualified by reference to the copy of such contract or other documents filed as exhibits to the registration statement.
G. Financial Statements
The Fund’s Financial Statement s and Financial Highlights for the Fund’s fiscal year ended December 31, 20 1 0, are incorporated by reference into this SAI from the Fund’s Annual Report to shareholders. The Financial Statements and Financial Highlights for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, have been audited by BBD, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon reports of such firm, given upon its authority as an expert in accounting and auditing.
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APPENDIX A - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Corporate and Municipal Long-Term Bond Ratings
Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) Corporate and Municipal Long-Term Bond Ratings:
The following descriptions of S&P’s long-term corporate and municipal bond ratings have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Service LLC.
AAA - An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA - An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A - An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB - An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C - Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB - An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B - An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC - An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC - An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C - A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D - An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an
A-1
obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) - The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR - This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) Long-Term Corporate Bond Ratings:
The following descriptions of Moody’s long-term corporate bond ratings have been published by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and Moody’s Analytics Inc.
Aaa - Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa - Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A - Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa - Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba - Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B - Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa - Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca - Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C - Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Modifiers: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Moody’s U.S. Municipal Long-Term Bond Ratings :
The following descriptions of Moody’s long-term municipal bond ratings have been published by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and Moody’s Analytics Inc.
Aaa - Issuers or issues rated Aaa demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Aa - Issuers or issues rated Aa demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
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A - Issuers or issues rated A present above-average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Baa - Issuers or issues rated Baa represent average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.
Ba - Issuers or issues rated Ba demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
B - Issuers or issues rated B demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax- exempt issuers or issues.
Caa - Issuers or issues rated Caa demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Ca - Issuers or issues rated Ca demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
C - Issuers or issues rated C demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other US municipal or tax-exempt issuers or issues.
Modifiers: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating category from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the issuer or obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Fitch Ratings’ (“Fitch”) Corporate Bond Ratings :
The following descriptions of Fitch’s long-term corporate bond ratings have been published by Fitch Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd.
AAA – Highest credit quality. ‘ AAA ’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA - Very high credit quality. ‘ AA ’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A - High credit quality. ‘ A ’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB - Good credit quality. ‘ BBB ’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB - Speculative. ‘ BB ’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B - Highly speculative. ‘ B ’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with the issuer being rated with an Issuer Default Risk (“IDR”) in the ranges ‘BB’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘B’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur. For issuers with an IDR above ‘B’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or
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has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have extremely high recovery rates consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR1’ (outstanding recovery prospects given default).
CCC - Substantial credit risk. ‘ CCC ’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges 'B' to 'C'. For issuers with an IDR below 'CCC', the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur. For issuers with an IDR above 'CCC', the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have a superior recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of 'RR2' (superior recovery prospects given default).
CC - Very high levels of credit risk. ‘ CC ’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘CC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur. For issuers with an IDR above ‘CC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have a good recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR3’ (good recovery prospects given default).
C - Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘ C ’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. The overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, and the rated obligation is expected to have an average, below-average or poor recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR4’ (average recovery prospects given default), 'RR5' (below average recovery prospects given default) or ‘RR6’ (poor recovery prospects given default).
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘B’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below ‘B’.
The terms "investment grade" and "speculative grade" have established themselves over time as shorthand to describe the categories 'AAA' to 'BBB' (investment grade) and ‘BB’ to ‘D’ (speculative grade). The terms "investment grade" and "speculative grade" are market conventions, and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. "Investment grade" categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the "speculative" categories either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.
Fitch’s Municipal Bond Long-Term Ratings :
The following descriptions of Fitch’s long-term municipal bond ratings have been published by Fitch Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd.
AAA – Highest credit quality. ‘ AAA ’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA - Very high credit quality. ‘ AA ’ ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
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A - High credit quality. ‘ A ’ ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB - Good credit quality. ‘ BBB ’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB - Speculative. ‘ BB ’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B : Highly speculative. ‘ B ’ ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC - Substantial credit risk. ‘ CCC ’ ratings indicate that default is a real possibility.
CC - Very high levels of credit risk. ‘ CC ’ ratings indicate default of some kind appears probable.
C - Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘ C ’ ratings indicate default appears imminent or inevitable.
D –Default. ‘D’ ratings indicate a default. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
failure to make payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the rated obligation; |
the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of the business of an issuer/obligor; or |
the coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation. |
Structured Finance Defaults – “Imminent” default, categorized under ‘C’, typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a coercive debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation's documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation will typically be rated in the ‘C’ category.
Structured Finance Writedowns - Where an instrument has experienced an involuntary and, in the agency's opinion, irreversible “writedown” of principal (i.e. other than through amortization, and resulting in a loss to the investor), a credit rating of ‘D’ will be assigned to the instrument. Where the agency believes the “writedown” may prove to be temporary (and the loss may be "written up" again in future if and when performance improves), then a credit rating of ‘C’ will typically be assigned. Should the “writedown” then later be reversed, the credit rating will be raised to an appropriate level for that instrument. Should the “writedown” later be deemed as irreversible, the credit rating will be lowered to ‘D’.
Notes: In the case of structured and project finance, while the ratings do not address the loss severity given default of the rated liability, loss severity assumptions on the underlying assets are nonetheless typically included as part of the analysis. Loss severity assumptions are used to derive pool cash flows available to service the rated liability.
In the case of public finance, the ratings also do not address the loss given default of the rated liability, focusing instead on the vulnerability to default of the rated liability.
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Plus (+) or Minus (-) - The modifiers “+” or “-”may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-Term Rating category, or to Long-Term Rating categories below ‘B’.
Municipal Short-Term Bond Ratings
S&P’s Municipal Short-Term Bond Ratings :
The following descriptions of S&P’s short-term municipal ratings have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Service LLC.
SP-1 - Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 - Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 - Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s Short-Term Ratings :
The following descriptions of Moody’s short-term ratings have been published by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and Moody’s Analytics Inc.
MIG 1 - This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 - This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 - This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG - This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Fitch’s Short-Term Ratings :
The following descriptions of Fitch’s short-term ratings have been published by Fitch Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd.
F1: Highest short-term credit quality . Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
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D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a specific short-term obligation.
Commercial Paper Ratings
S&P’s Commercial Paper Ratings :
The following descriptions of S&P’s commercial paper ratings have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Service LLC.
A-1 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B - A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-1 - A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2 - A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3 - A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C - A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D - A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Dual Ratings – S&P assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’).
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Moody’s Commercial Paper Ratings :
The following descriptions of Moody’s commercial paper ratings have been published by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and Moody’s Analytics Inc.
P-1 - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
Fitch’s Commercial Paper Ratings:
The following descriptions of Fitch’s commercial paper ratings have been published by Fitch Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd.
F1 - Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 - Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3 - Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B – Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C - High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD – Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D – Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a specific short-term obligation.
The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ Long-term rating category, to categories below ‘CCC’, or to Short-term ratings other than ‘F1’. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
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Appendix B – Miscellaneous Tables
Table 1– Investment Advisory Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of the fees accrued by the Adviser, the amount of fees waived/reimbursed by the Adviser, if any, and the actual fee retained by the Adviser. The data presented are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
Advisory Fee Accrued | Advisory Fee Waived/Reimbursed | Advisory Fee Retained | |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | $429,008 | $120,649 | $308,359 |
Table 2 – Distribution Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees accrued by the Fund, pursuant to the 12b-1 Distribution Plan, the amount of fee that was waived by the Distributor, and the actual fees retained by the Distributor.
Plan Fee Charged | Plan Fee Waived | Plan Fee Retained | |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | $112,834 | $0 | $112,834 |
Table 3 – Fund Accounting Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees accrued by the Fund to Atlantic, the amount of fees waived by Atlantic, and the actual fees retained by Atlantic. The data presented are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
Accounting Fees Accrued | Accounting Fees Waived | Accounting Fees Retained | |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | $48,000 | $44,000 | $4,000 |
Table 4 – Administration Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees accrued by the Fund to Atlantic, the amount of fees waived by Atlantic, and the actual fees retained by Atlantic. The data presented are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
Administration Fees Accrued | Administration Fees Waived | Administration Fees Retained | |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | $125,890 | $41,250 | $84,640 |
Table 5 – Compliance Fees
The following table shows the dollar amount of fees accrued by the Fund to Atlantic for Compliance Services, the amount of the fees that was waived by Atlantic and the actual fees retained by Atlantic. The data presented are for the past three fiscal years (or shorter period depending on the Fund’s commencement of operations).
Compliance Fees Accrued | Compliance Fees Waived | Compliance Fees Retained | |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | $28,245 | $14,109 | $14,136 |
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Appendix B – Miscellaneous Tables
Table 6 – Commissions
The following table shows the aggregate brokerage commissions of the Fund.
Total Brokerage Commissions($) | Total Brokerage Commissions ($) Paid to an Affiliate of the Fund, Adviser or Distributor | % of Brokerage Commissions Paid to an Affiliate of the Fund, Adviser or Distributor | ||
Year ended December 31, 2010 | $14,703 | $0 | $0 |
Table 7 – Directed Brokerage
The following table lists each broker to whom the Fund directed brokerage in return for research services, the amount of transactions so directed and the amount of commissions generated therefrom.
Year Ended December 31, 2010 Broker | Amount Directed | Amount of Commissions Generated |
Instinet Corp | $4,924,646 | $5,070 |
Sanford C Bernstein & Co. Inc. | $1,784,278 | $1,875 |
William Blair & Company, LLC | $1,298251 | $1,133 |
UBS Warburg | $967,318 | $845 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | $741,475 | $615 |
Table 8 – Securities of Regular Broker-Dealers
The following table lists the regular brokers and dealers of the Fund whose securities (or the securities of the parent company) were acquired during the past fiscal year and the aggregate value of the Fund’s holdings of those securities as of the Fund’s most recent fiscal year.
Regular Broker or Dealer | Value of Securities Held (000’s Omitted) |
None |
Table 9 – 5% Shareholders
The following table lists the persons who owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each Fund class as of April 4, 2011.
Name and Address | % of Class Owned |
Institutional Shares | |
MONICA L WALKER TRUST MONICA L WALKER TR U/A 03/08/2007 1 W SUPERIOR ST APT 1606 CHICAGO, IL 60654-8819 | 19.27% |
CHICAGO URBAN LEAGUE JAMES W COMPTON EDUCATIONAL FUND JOYCE CARSON 4510 S MICHIGAN AVE CHICAGO, IL 60653-3816 | 19.01% |
JEANETTE A HOLLAND 600 S DEARBORN APT 1302 CHICAGO, IL 60605-1895 | 12.56% |
JOHN A RAMUTA IRA ROLLOVER 3120 AUSTIN ST NAPERVILLE, IL 60564-3171 | 10.93% |
WILMINGTON TRUST RISC TTEE FBO HOLLAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 401K PROFIT SHARING PLAN PO BOX 52129 PHOENIX, AZ 85072 | 7.60% |
LAURA JEAN JANUS TRUST LAURA JEAN JANUS TR U/A 03/18/2005 2 S RIDGE AVE ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, IL 60005-1708 | 7.07% |
CHICAGO URBAN LEAGUE DEPRECIATION RESERVE FUND C/O JOYCE CARSON 4510 S MICHIGAN AVE CHICAGO, IL 60653-3816 | 5.75% |
Investor Shares | |
VALIC 2929 Allen Parkway, A6-20 Houston, TX 77019 | 93.29% |
A Shares | |
MONICA L WALKER TRUST MONICA L WALKER TR U/A 03/08/2007 1 W SUPERIOR ST APT 1606 CHICAGO, IL 60654-8819 | 100% |
Table 10 – Control Persons
Name and Address | % of Fund |
Institutional Shares | |
None | |
Investor Shares | |
VALIC 2929 Allen Parkway, A6-20 Houston, TX 77019 | 93.29% |
A Shares | |
MONICA L WALKER TRUST MONICA L WALKER TR U/A 03/08/2007 1 W SUPERIOR ST APT 1606 CHICAGO, IL 60654-8819 | 100% |
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APPENDIX C – PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
FORUM FUNDS
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR SHAREHOLDER VOTING
July 31, 2003
As Amended September 14, 2004and December 11, 2009
SECTION 1. PURPOSE
Shareholders of the various series of Forum Funds (the “Trust”) expect the Trust to vote proxies received from issuers whose voting securities are held by a series of the Trust (each a “Fund”). The Trust exercises its voting responsibilities as a fiduciary, with the goal of maximizing the value of the Trust’s and its shareholders’ investments.
This document describes the Policies and Procedures for Voting Proxies (“Policies”) received from issuers whose voting securities are held by each Fund.
SECTION 2. RESPONSIBILITIES
(A) Adviser. Pursuant to the investment advisory agreements between the Trust and the investment advisers providing advisory services to the Funds, the Trust has delegated the authority to vote proxies received by the Fund regarding securities contained in its portfolio to its investment adviser (each an “Adviser”). These Policies are to be implemented by each Adviser of each Fund for which it provides advisory services. To the extent that these Policies do not cover potential voting issues with respect to proxies received by the Fund, the Adviser shall act on behalf of the applicable Fund to promote the Fund’s investment objectives, subject to the provisions of these Policies.
The Adviser shall periodically inform its employees (i) that they are under an obligation to be aware of the potential for conflicts of interest on the part of the adviser with respect to voting proxies on behalf of the Funds, both as a result of the employee’s personal relationships and due to circumstances that may arise during the conduct of the adviser’s business, and (ii) that employees should bring conflicts of interest of which they become aware to the attention of the management of the Adviser.
The Adviser shall be responsible for coordinating the delivery of proxies by the fund’s custodian to the adviser or to an agent of the adviser selected by the adviser to vote proxies with respect to which the Adviser has such discretion (a “proxy voting service ”).
(B) Reporting. The Adviser shall provide periodic reports to the Trust as to the implementation and operation of these Policies and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser as they relate to the Funds.
SECTION 3 . SCOPE |
These Policies summarize the Trust’s positions on various issues of concern to investors in issuers of publicly traded voting securities, and give guidance about how each Adviser should vote the Fund’s shares on each issue raised in a proxy statement. These Policies are designed to reflect the types of issues that are typically presented in proxy statements for issuers in which the Fund may invest; they are not meant to cover every possible proxy voting issue that might arise. Accordingly, the specific policies and procedures listed below are not exhaustive and do not address all potential voting issues or the intricacies that may surround specific issues in all cases. For that reason, there may be instances in which votes may vary from these Policies.
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SECTION 4. POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR VOTING PROXIES
(A) General
(1) Use of Adviser Proxy Voting Guidelines or Proxy Voting Service. If (A) the Adviser has proprietary proxy voting guidelines that it uses for its clients or the Adviser uses a Proxy Voting Service and the Proxy Voting Service has published guidelines for proxy voting; (B) the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) has been notified that the Adviser intends to use such Adviser or Proxy Voting Service proxy voting guidelines to vote an applicable Fund’s proxies and has approved such guidelines; and (C) the Adviser’s or Proxy Voting Service’s Guidelines are filed as an exhibit to the applicable Fund’s Registration Statement (each considered “Adviser Guidelines”), then the Adviser may vote, or may delegate to the Proxy Voting Service the responsibility to vote, the Fund’s proxies consistent with such Adviser Guidelines.
(2) | Absence of Proxy Voting Service Guidelines. In the absence of Adviser Guidelines, the Adviser shall vote the Fund’s proxies consistent with Sections B and C below. |
(B) Routine Matters
As the quality and depth of management is a primary factor considered when investing in an issuer, the recommendation of the issuer’s management on any issue will be given substantial weight. The position of the issuer’s management will not be supported in any situation where it is determined not to be in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.
(1) Election of Directors. Proxies should be voted for a management-proposed slate of directors unless there is a contested election of directors or there are other compelling corporate governance reasons for withholding votes for such directors. Management proposals to limit director liability consistent with state laws and director indemnification provisions should be supported because it is important for companies to be able to attract qualified candidates.
(2) Appointment of Auditors. Management recommendations will generally be supported.
(3) Changes in State of Incorporation or Capital Structure. Managment recommendations about reincorporation should be supported unless the new jurisdiction in which the issuer is reincorporating has laws that would materially dilute the rights of shareholders of the issuer. Proposals to increase authorized common stock should be examined on a case-by-case basis. If the new shares will be used to implement a poison pill or another form of anti-takeover device, or if the issuance of new shares could excessively dilute the value of outstanding shares upon issuance, then such proposals should be evaluated to determine whether they are in the best interest of the Fund's shareholders.
(C) Non-Routine Matters
(1) Corporate Restructurings, Mergers and Acquisitions. These proposals should be examined on a case-by-case basis.
(2) Proposals Affecting Shareholder Rights. Proposals that seek to limit shareholder rights, such as the creation of dual classes of stock, generally should not be supported.
(3) Anti-takeover Issues. Measures that impede takeovers or entrench management will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis taking into account the rights of shareholders and the potential effect on the value of the company.
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(4) Executive Compensation. Although management recommendations should be given substantial weight, proposals relating to executive compensation plans, including stock option plans, should be examined on a case-by-case basis to ensure that the long-term interests of management and shareholders are properly aligned.
(5) Social and Political Issues. These types of proposals should generally not be supported if they are not supported by management unless they would have a readily-determinable, positive financial effect on shareholder value and would not be burdensome or impose unnecessary or excessive costs on the issuer.
(D) Conflicts of Interest
Each Adviser is responsible for maintaining procedures to identify conflicts of interest and, when applicable, determining the adequacy of a Proxy Voting Service’s procedures to identify conflicts. The Trust recognizes that under certain circumstances an Adviser or Proxy Voting Service may have a conflict of interest in voting proxies on behalf of the Fund advised by the Adviser. A “conflict of interest” includes, for example, any circumstance when the Fund, the Adviser, the principal underwriter, the Proxy Voting Service or one or more of their affiliates (including officers, directors and employees) knowingly does business with, receives compensation from, or sits on the Board of, a particular issuer or closely affiliated entity, and, therefore, may appear to have a conflict of interest between its own interests and the interests of fund shareholders in how proxies of that issuer are voted.
If a Proxy Voting Service determines it has a conflict of interest with respect to voting proxies on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser shall vote the proxy in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
If the Adviser determines that it has a conflict of interest with respect to voting proxies on behalf of the Fund, then the Adviser shall contact the Chairman of the Board. In the event that the Chairman determines that he has a conflict of interest, the Chairman shall submit the matter for determination to another member of the Board who is not an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. In making a determination, the Chairman will consider the best interests of Fund shareholders and may consider the recommendations of the Adviser or independent third parties that evaluate proxy proposals. The Adviser will vote the proposal according to the determination and maintain records relating to this process.
(E) Abstention
The Trust may abstain from voting proxies in certain circumstances. The Adviser or the Chairman of the Board may determine, for example, that abstaining from voting is appropriate if voting may be unduly burdensome or expensive, or otherwise not in the best economic interest of the Fund’s shareholders, such as when foreign proxy issuers impose unreasonable or expensive voting or holding requirements or when the costs to the Fund to effect a vote would be uneconomic relative to the value of the Fund’s investment in the issuer.
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APPENDIX D – ADVISER PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
Holland Capital Management LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Amended January 2011
Policy
Holland Capital Management LLC (“Holland Capital”) has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Our authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established by our advisory contracts or comparable documents, and our proxy voting guidelines (“Guidelines”) have been tailored to reflect these specific contractual obligations. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts set out in the Department of Labor Bulletin 94-2,29 C.F.R. 2509.94-2 (July 29, 1994).
Holland Capital’s proxy voting procedures are designed and implemented to reasonably ensure that proxy matters are conducted in the best interest of the clients and material conflicts will be resolved in the best interest of the client. These procedures are guidelines only and each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by�case basis, taking into consideration contractual obligations and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote. Notwithstanding these Policies and Procedures, if, at any time reasonably in advance of the time when a proxy must be exercised, a client requests Holland Capital to vote the proxies for shares beneficially owned by that client in a certain manner, Holland Capital will follow that instruction. There may be circumstances under which Holland Capital declines to take responsibility for voting a client’s proxies and directs the custodian to mail proxy material directly to the clients. If a stock is part of a securities lending program, Holland Capital may be limited or unable to vote the proxy.
Holland Capital is not required to engage in shareholder activism, but is obligated to be reasonably informed about the company and to have reviewed and be familiar with the issues raised in the proxy materials.
Holland Capital subscribes to Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), a proxy voting and advisory service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas and vote recommendations. In determining how to vote proxies Holland Capital considers the ISS recommendations, among other matters.
Special Considerations
Accounts Subject to the Employee Retirement Income Securities Act of 1974 ("ERISA")
The Department of Labor's Interpretive Bulletin 94-2, 29 CFR 2509.94-2, discusses the voting of proxies appurtenant to shares of a corporation's stock that is held by or for an employee benefit plan that is subject to ERISA. With respect to such plans for which Holland Capital serves as an investment manager, Holland Capital will act in a manner consistent with its responsibilities: the duty of loyalty, prudence, compliance with the plan and the duty to avoid prohibited transactions. In particular, where the named fiduciary of the plan has reserved to itself (or to another fiduciary in accordance with the plan document) the right to direct the voting of some or all proxies, Holland Capital will deliver to such fiduciary all such proxy materials for exercise by that plan fiduciary. Where the named fiduciary has not reserved such voting right but has expressly conditioned Holland Capital's engagement as investment manager upon compliance with a statement of
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investment policy that includes policies on proxy voting, Holland Capital will vote the proxies for shares in the plan's accounts managed by Holland Capital in a manner consistent with such policies except to the extent Holland Capital determines that adherence to such policies would violate its fiduciary duties under ERISA. Holland Capital’s decision to vote proxies for an ERISA client will take into account the effect that the plan’s vote, either by itself or together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of the plan’s investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of voting, particularly with regard to non-U.S. securities.
Holland Capital will maintain accurate records of its voting of shares of stock held for such plans and will make such records or extracts thereof available to plan administrators and fiduciaries upon request.
The above policies regarding proxy voting for ERISA plans will take precedence over the following general proxy voting guidelines in the event of any conflict between them.
Mutual Funds
Holland Capital will vote the proxies of securities held by mutual funds to which it acts as an adviser or sub-advisor in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940. The proxies of companies in the portfolio are subject to applicable investment restrictions of the fund and will be voted in accordance with any resolutions or other instructions approved by authorized persons of the fund.
Availability and Disclosure
Holland Capital provides clients with a copy of its policies and procedures upon request, with the provision that they may be updated from time to time. Form ADV, Part 2 specifies how clients can obtain information from the adviser on how the client’s proxies were voted. Holland Capital may make this information available periodically to a client upon request and in a manner appropriate to the nature of its advisory business. Unless otherwise directed by a client, Holland Capital’s policy is not to disclose to third parties how it voted a client’s proxy.
Proxy Voting Committee
Holland Capital has established the Investment Policy Committee ("IPC") which consists of Holland Capital's equity investment analysts ("Analysts"), its portfolio managers and its Chief Investment Officer, who serves as the chair. The IPC is responsible for implementing these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures; the Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for overseeing their periodic review and revision. The IPC intends to review these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures no less frequently than annually.
Procedures
Holland Capital’s Client Service department ("Client Service") is responsible for administering the proxy voting process. ISS is responsible for coordinating with the clients’ custodians to ensure that all proxy materials received by the custodians relating to the clients’ portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion.
The firm’s IPC is responsible for reviewing proxy votes on securities held in advisory clients’ accounts. The IPC makes all decisions regarding the purchase and sale of securities for clients’ portfolios. Since equity accounts are generally managed using the same investment philosophy and
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process, most accounts hold the same securities. Votes cast for the same security held in multiple advisory clients’ accounts will generally be voted the same unless there would be a conflict with the client’s goals, objectives, and/or directives. This could result in a different vote cast for the same security held in multiple clients’ accounts.
Client Service works with ISS to ensure that all meeting notices and proxy matters are communicated to the Analysts and Portfolio Managers for consideration pursuant to these Guidelines. Analysts and Portfolio Managers are provided with copies of the proxy statements.
A primary factor used in determining whether to invest or continue an investment in a particular issuer's securities is the quality of that company's management. Therefore, all other things being equal, the recommendations of management on any proxy matter will be given significant consideration of how to vote that proxy.
Although reliance is placed on the Guidelines in casting votes, each proxy issue is considered on a case-by-case basis. Instances may occur where a proxy vote will be inconsistent with the recommendations of Management and ISS. Additionally, the proxies and related proxy issues generally vary among companies, so votes may vary from company to company. After detailed analysis, vote recommendations are communicated by the Analyst and/or Portfolio Manager to the IPC which reviews the final vote decision. Generally proxies are voted consistent with the Guidelines, and Client Service is instructed to vote all proxies accordingly, unless the IPC indicates otherwise. The IPC, and each Analyst and Portfolio Manager is responsible for monitoring proxy proposals for issuers in their respective research coverage areas and of notifying Client Service of circumstances where the interests of clients may warrant a vote contrary to the Guidelines. In such instances, the Analyst and/or Portfolio Manager will submit a recommendation to the IPC which will review the recommendation to determine whether a conflict of interest exists. If no conflict of interest exists, the IPC generally will vote consistent with the Guidelines.
Holland Capital will attempt to process every proxy vote it receives. There may be instances where Holland Capital may not be given enough time to process a proxy vote. For example, Holland Capital, through no fault of its own, may receive a meeting notice too late to act or may be unable to obtain a timely translation so it could vote the shares. Client Service will reconcile proxies received against holdings on the record date over which the adviser has voting authority to ensure that all shares held on the record date and for which a voting obligation exists, are voted.
Holland Capital reserves the right to request a client to vote their shares themselves. For example, such requests may be made in situations where the client has represented to Holland Capital that their position on a particular issue differs from Holland Capital’s position.
Conflicts of Interest
From time-to-time Holland Capital may have conflicts related to proxy voting. As a matter of policy, Holland Capital’s portfolio managers, analysts and other Holland Capital officers and employees will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of clients. Any such person who becomes aware of a material conflict between the interests of a client and the interests of Holland Capital relating to a particular proxy vote shall immediately disclose that conflict to the IPC. The IPC is responsible for monitoring and resolving such conflicts, as discussed below. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include:
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Business Relationships . A proxy voting proposal relating to a company or other persons with which Holland Capital has a material business relationship may cause a conflict if failure to vote in a manner favorable to such company or other persons could harm Holland Capital’s relationship with that company. One example is where Holland Capital is or seeks to be appointed manager of a company's pension plan and would be looked to by the company and its officers to vote in favor of all of management's proposals and against those opposed by management.
Personal or Familial Relationships . A proxy voting proposal relating to a company or situation where Holland Capital, or an officer or employee of Holland Capital, or an affiliate has a personal or familial relationship, e.g., spouse, close personal friend or family relative, with one or more present or prospective directors of that company, may cause a conflict of interest.
In the event the IPC, an Analyst, or Portfolio Manager identifies a material conflict of interest relating to a particular proxy proposal, the affected Analyst or Portfolio Manager will be required to recuse himself or herself from the proxy voting process, and the IPC will be responsible for reviewing the proposal and determining the vote. In all instances, the Analyst or Portfolio Manager will be required to provide the IPC with a written recommendation as to how the proxy should be voted and the rationale for such recommendation. In addition, the Analyst or portfolio manager will disclose to the IPC in writing any contact he or she has had with persons outside of Holland Capital regarding the proxy issue. The IPC will review the Analyst’s or portfolio manager’s voting recommendation and all relevant facts and circumstances and determine how the proxy should be voted. If the IPC believes the application of the Guidelines is not in the best interests of clients, the IPC may vote contrary to the Guidelines, and it will document its voting rationale.
Recordkeeping
As required by Rule 204-2c of the Advisers Act, Holland Capital retains records of votes cast on behalf of clients, records of client requests for proxy voting information and all documents prepared by Holland Capital regarding votes cast contrary to the Guidelines. In addition, any document prepared by Holland Capital that is material to a proxy voting decision such as the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, Proxy Voting Guidelines, IPC materials and other internal research relating to voting decisions will be kept. All proxy voting materials and supporting documentation are retained for a minimum of 5 years, the first 2 years at Holland Capital's office.
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EXHIBIT A
Holland Capital Proxy Voting Guidelines
The following is a summary of Holland Capital’s proxy voting guidelines that set forth what the IPC will follow as a general matter, particularly in the cases of conflicts of interests between those of Holland Capital and the client. Holland Capital has engaged ISS, a proxy voting research service, to assist in the voting of proxies by making proxy voting recommendations to Holland Capital. ISS provides detailed guidance and models for many issues that are decided on a case-by-case basis.
General Philosophy
Routine Matters/Corporate Administrative Items. After an initial review, the adviser will generally vote with management on routine matters related to the operation of the company and not expected to have a significant impact on the company and/or the shareholders.
Potential for Major Economic Impact. The adviser reviews and analyzes on a case-by-case basis, non-routine proposals that are more likely to affect the structure and operation of the issuer and to have a greater impact on the value of the investment.
Corporate Governance. The adviser reviews and considers corporate governance issues related to proxy matters and generally supports proposals that foster good corporate governance practices.
1. Board of Directors
Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
� | In uncontested board elections, Holland Capital will generally vote in favor of management's directors because Holland Capital believes that management is in the best possible position to evaluate the qualifications of directors and the needs and dynamics of a particular board. Nonetheless, votes on director nominees will be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, examining the following factors: composition of the board and key board committees, attendance at board and committee meetings, long-term company performance and stock price. |
Classification/Declassification of the Board
� | Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board. |
� | Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually. |
Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)
� | Vote, on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, on shareholder proposals requiring that the positions of chairman and CEO be held separately. Because some companies have governance structures in place that counterbalance a combined position, certain factors should be taken into account in determining whether the proposal warrants support. These factors include the |
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� | presence of a lead director, board and committee independence, governance guidelines, company performance, and annual review by outside directors of CEO pay. |
Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees
� | Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that at least two-thirds of directors be independent. |
� | Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, governance and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard. |
2. Auditor Ratification
� | Generally support management’s choice of auditor proposed by an audit committee of independent directors except when the auditor’s independence or audit integrity has been compromised or unless any of the following apply: |
� | An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent. |
� | There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position or there is some other concern regarding the performance of the auditor in carrying out its duties to shareholders or potential conflicts of interest. |
3. Shareholder Rights
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
� | Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent. |
� | Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent. |
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings
� | Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings. |
Supermajority Vote Requirements
� | Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote. |
Cumulative Voting
� | Vote FOR proposals to restore or permit cumulative voting on a CASE-BY-CASE basis relative to the company’s other governance provisions. |
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4. Proxy Contests
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
� | Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the factors that include the long-term financial performance, management’s track record, qualifications of director nominees (both slates), and an evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders. |
5. Poison Pills (Shareholder Rights Plans)
� | Although we typically recommend that shareholders vote against these plans to protect their financial interests and ensure that they have an opportunity to consider any offer for their shares, poison pills must be decided on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
6. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
� | Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and corporate restructurings based on such features as the fairness opinion, pricing, strategic rationale, and the negotiating process. |
7. Reincorporation Proposals
� | Proposals to change a company's state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY�CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws. |
8. Capital Structure
Common Stock Authorization
� | Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
9. Executive and Director Compensation
� | Votes with respect to compensation and equity-based compensation plans shall be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. |
Management Proposals Seeking Approval to Reprice Options
� | Votes on management proposals seeking approval to reprice options are evaluated on a CASE�BY-CASE basis. |
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
� | Votes on employee stock purchase plans will be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis by reviewing whether or not the specific components of the plan are reasonable and whether the |
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� | company’s use of equity in its compensation plans generally is reasonable when compared with peers and when compared with the performance of the business. |
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
� | Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long-term corporate outlook. |
10. Social and Environmental Issues
These issues cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and public safety, environment and energy, general corporate issues, labor standards and human rights, military business, and workplace diversity.
� | In general, the IPC will vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. While a wide variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principal guiding all vote decisions focuses on how the proposal will enhance the economic value of the company |
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