Segment Reporting We operate two cruise brands, Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity Cruises. The brands have been aggregated as a single operating segment based on the similarity of their economic characteristics, as well as products and services provided. (For financial information see Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.) Employees As of December 31, 2004, we employed approximately 3,670 full-time and 600 part-time employees worldwide in our shoreside operations. We also employed approximately 34,600 crew and staff for our ships. As of December 31, 2004, approximately 78% of our shipboard employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good. Suppliers Our largest purchases are for travel agency services, port facility utilization, food, fuel, airline transportation, advertising, hotel supplies and products related to passenger accommodations. Most of the supplies we require are available from numerous sources at competitive prices. None of our suppliers provided goods or services in excess of 10% of our total revenues in 2004. Insurance We maintain insurance on the hull and machinery of our ships, which includes additional coverage for disbursements, earnings and increased value, which are maintained in amounts related to the value of each ship. The coverage for each of the hull policies is maintained with syndicates of insurance underwriters from the British, Scandinavian, French, United States and other international insurance markets. We maintain liability protection and indemnity insurance on each of our ships through either Assuranceforeningen GARD or the United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited. We maintain war risk insurance, including terrorist risk insurance, on each ship through a Norwegian war risk insurance organization in an amount equal to the total insured hull value. This coverage includes coverage for physical damage to the ship which is not covered under the hull policies as a result of war exclusion clauses in such hull policies. We also maintain protection and indemnity war risk coverage for risks that would be excluded by the rules of the indemnity insurance organizations, subject to certain limitations. Consistent with most marine war risk policies, under the terms of our war risk insurance coverage, underwriters can give seven days notice to us that the policy will be canceled and reinstated at higher premium rates. We also maintain a form of business interruption insurance with our insurance underwriters in the event that a ship is unable to operate during scheduled cruise periods due to loss or damage to the ship arising from certain covered events that last more than a specified period of time. We also maintain insurance coverage for certain events which would result in a delayed delivery of our contracted new ships, which we normally place starting approximately two years prior to the scheduled delivery dates. Insurance coverage for shoreside property, onboard consumables and inventory, and general liability risks are maintained with insurance underwriters in the United States and the United Kingdom. We have decided not to carry business interruption insurance for shoreside operations based on our evaluation of the risks involved and our protective measures already in place, as compared to the premium expense. 14
All insurance coverage is subject to certain limitations, exclusions and deductible levels. In addition, in certain circumstances, we co-insure a portion of these risks. Premiums charged by insurance carriers, including carriers in the maritime insurance industry, increase or decrease from time to time and tend to be cyclical in nature. These cycles are impacted both by our own loss experience and by losses incurred in direct and reinsurance markets. We historically have been able to obtain insurance coverage in amounts and at premiums we have deemed to be commercially acceptable. No assurance can be given that affordable and secure insurance markets will be available to us in the future, particularly for war risk insurance. The Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (1974) and the 1976 Protocol to the Athens Convention are generally applicable to passenger ships. The United States has not ratified the Athens Convention; however, the 1976 Athens Convention Protocol may be contractually enforced for cruises that do not call at a United States port if the ship flies the flag of a country that has ratified the 1976 Protocol or for cruises which begin or end in such a country. The International Maritime Organization Diplomatic Conference agreed upon a new Protocol to the Athens Convention on November 1, 2002. The 2002 Protocol, which has not yet been ratified, substantially increases the level of compulsory insurance which must be maintained by passenger ship operators. No assurance can be given as to if or when the 2002 Protocol will be ratified. If ratified, no assurance can be given that affordable and secure insurance markets will be available to provide the level of coverage required under the 2002 Protocol. Trademarks We own a number of registered trademarks related to the Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity Cruises brands, including the name “Royal Caribbean” and its crown and anchor logo, the name “Celebrity Cruises” and its “X” logo, and the names of our cruise ships. We believe such trademarks are widely recognized throughout the world and have considerable value. Regulation Our ships are regulated by various international, national, state and local laws, regulations and treaties in force in the jurisdictions in which they operate. In addition, all of our ships are registered in the Bahamas with the exception of theXpedition, which is registered in Ecuador. Each ship is subject to regulations issued by its country of registry, including regulations issued pursuant to international treaties governing the safety of the ship and its passengers. Each country of registry conducts periodic inspections to verify compliance with these regulations. Ships operating out of United States ports are subject to inspection by the United States Coast Guard for compliance with international treaties and by the United States Public Health Service for sanitary conditions. Our ships are also subject to similar inspections pursuant to the laws and regulations of various other countries our ships visit. Our ships are required to comply with international safety standards defined in the Safety of Life at Sea Convention. The Safety of Life at Sea Convention standards are revised from time to time and the most recent modifications are being phased in through 2010. We do not anticipate that we will be required to make any material expenditures in order to comply with these rules. We are required to obtain certificates from the United States Federal Maritime Commission relating to our ability to meet liability in cases of non-performance of obligations to passengers, as well as casualty and personal injury. Pursuant to the United States Federal Maritime Commission regulations, we arrange through our insurers for the provision of guarantees aggregating $48.8 million for our ship-operating companies as a condition to obtaining the required certificates. The United States Federal Maritime Commission has proposed various revisions to the financial responsibility regulations which could require us to significantly increase the amount of our bonds and accordingly increase our costs of compliance. We are also required by the United Kingdom and other jurisdictions to establish our financial responsibility for any liability resulting from the non-performance of our obligations to passengers from these jurisdictions. In the United Kingdom, we are currently required by the United Kingdom Passenger Shipping Association and United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority to provide performance bonds totaling approximately £37.8 million. 15
We are subject to various United States and international laws and regulations relating to environmental protection. Under such laws and regulations, we are prohibited from, among other things, discharging certain materials, such as petrochemicals and plastics, into the waterways. We have made, and will continue to make, capital and other expenditures to comply with environmental laws and regulations. From time to time, environmental and other regulators consider more stringent regulations which may affect our operations and increase our compliance costs. We believe that the impact of cruise ships on the global environment will continue to be an area of focus by the relevant authorities throughout the world and, accordingly, this will likely subject us to increasing compliance costs in the future. We are required to obtain certificates from the United States Coast Guard relating to our ability to satisfy liability in cases of water pollution. Pursuant to United States Coast Guard regulations, we arrange through our insurers for the provision of guarantees aggregating $287 million as a condition to obtaining the required certificates. We hold a permit from the National Park of Galapagos grantingXpedition the right to conduct cruises in the Galapagos Islands. The permit is subject to renewal by the National Park of Galapagos on an annual basis. We believe that we are in material compliance with all the regulations applicable to our ships and that we have all licenses necessary to conduct our business. Health, safety, security and financial responsibility issues are, and we believe will continue to be, an area of focus by the relevant government authorities in the United States and internationally. From time to time, various regulatory and legislative changes may be proposed that could impact our operations and would likely subject us to increasing compliance costs in the future. Taxation of the Company The following discussion of the application of the United States federal income tax laws to us and to our subsidiaries is based on the current provisions of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; Treasury Department regulations; administrative rulings; and court decisions. All of the foregoing is subject to change, and any change thereto could affect the accuracy of this discussion. Application of Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code We and our subsidiary, Celebrity Cruises Inc., the operator of Celebrity Cruises, are foreign corporations engaged in a trade or business in the United States, and our ship-owning subsidiaries are foreign corporations that, in many cases, depending upon the itineraries of their ships, receive income from sources within the United States. Under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code, certain foreign corporations are not subject to United States income or branch profits tax on United States source income derived from or incidental to the international operation of a ship or ships, including income from the leasing of such ships. A foreign corporation will qualify for the benefits of Section 883 if, in relevant part, (1) the foreign country in which the foreign corporation is organized grants an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the United States and (2)(A) more than 50% of the value of the corporation’s capital stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by individuals who are residents of a foreign country that grants such an equivalent exemption to corporations organized in the United States or (B) the stock of the corporation (or the direct or indirect corporate parent thereof) is “primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market” in the United States or another qualifying country, such as Norway. In the opinion of our United States tax counsel, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, based on the representations and assumptions set forth in that opinion, we, Celebrity Cruises Inc. and our ship-owning subsidiaries qualify for the benefits of Section 883 because we and each of those subsidiaries are incorporated in a qualifying jurisdiction and our common stock is primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States or Norway. In 2003, final regulations were issued under Section 883, which are consistent with the opinion of our United States tax counsel regarding the meaning of the phrase “primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market,” but which narrow the scope of activities that are considered by the Internal Revenue Service to be incidental to the international operation of ships. The activities listed in the regulations as not being incidental to the international operation of ships include income from the sale of air and land transportation such as transfers, shore excursions and pre and post cruise tours. To the extent the income from these activities is earned from sources within the United States, that 16
income will be subject to United States taxation. The effective date of these regulations was postponed for one year by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. They will now be effective for our 2005 fiscal year. We estimate the application of these new regulations will reduce our 2005 net income by approximately $9.5 million to $11.5 million. We, Celebrity Cruises Inc. and our ship-owning subsidiaries are corporations incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Liberia. Accordingly, the existence of an exemption from Liberian tax for the international shipping income of United States companies is one of the assumptions upon which our United States tax counsel's opinion is based. The Liberian Revenue and Finance Law of 1977 provided an exemption from Liberian tax for all earnings derived from the operation, chartering or disposition of ships, aside from earnings derived from traffic exclusively within Liberia. Consistent with that law, in an exchange of diplomatic Notes in October 1987, the United States and Liberia confirmed that each of them grants an equivalent exemption for international shipping income of corporations incorporated in the other country. The Liberian tax law was amended in 2000 with the adoption of a new Reform Tax Code, which substantially superseded prior Liberian tax law as of January 1, 2001 and the text of which did not expressly reiterate the exemption for international shipping income contained in the 1977 law. The status of the exemption has recently been clarified, however, in regulations promulgated by the Minister of Finance of Liberia, dated December 7, 2004, and in an opinion issued by the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Liberia, each of which confirm that international shipping income is currently exempt from Liberian tax and that this exemption has remained in effect continuously since 1977. We also understand that a diplomatic Note confirming the continuing existence of the reciprocal exemption by Liberia has been delivered by the Liberian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Liberian Embassy of the United States. We do not have any reason to believe that either the United States Department of State or the Treasury Department will contest or disagree with the Liberian government's position with respect to the continued existence of the exemption, and are awaiting further confirmation of this point in a diplomatic Note from the United States to Liberia. Based on the foregoing, we believe that the requirement in Section 883 of a reciprocal exemption provided to United States companies by Liberia is and has been satisfied, but until confirmation of this point from the United States Department of State or the Treasury Department is received, there remains the possibility that the Internal Revenue Service might dispute the conclusions regarding Liberia tax law that have been reached by the Liberian authorities, and therefore challenge our exemption under Section 883. Under certain circumstances, changes in our stock ownership could cause our common stock not to be “regularly traded on an established securities market” within the meaning of the regulations under Section 883. To substantially reduce any such risk, in May 2000, our Articles of Incorporation were amended to prohibit any person, other than our two existing largest shareholders, from owning, as determined for purposes of Section 883(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, shares that give such person in the aggregate more than 4.9% of the relevant class or classes of our shares. Under Liberian law, this amendment may not be enforceable with respect to shares of common stock that were voted against the amendment or that were recorded as abstaining from the vote. Also, it should be noted that Section 883 has been the subject of legislative modifications in past years that have had the effect of limiting its availability to certain taxpayers, and there can be no assurance that future legislation or certain changes in our stock ownership will not preclude us from obtaining the benefits of Section 883. At this time, however, there is no known limiting legislation pending before the United States Congress. We believe that the majority of our income and the income of our subsidiaries is derived from or incidental to the international operation of a ship or ships and, therefore, it is exempt from taxation under Section 883. (See Outlook under Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.) Taxation in the Absence of an Exemption under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code In the event that we, Celebrity Cruises Inc. or our ship-owning subsidiaries were to fail to meet the requirements of Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code, or if such provision was repealed, then, as explained below, such companies would be subject to United States income taxation on only a portion of their income. Because we and Celebrity Cruises Inc. conduct a trade or business in the United States, we and Celebrity Cruises Inc. would be taxable at regular corporate rates on our separate Company taxable income (i.e., without regard to the income of our ship-owning subsidiaries), from United States sources, which includes 100% of income, if any, from transportation 17
which begins and ends in the United States (not including possessions of the United States), 50% of income from transportation that either begins or ends in the United States, and no income from transportation that neither begins nor ends in the United States. The legislative history of the transportation income source rules suggests that a cruise that begins and ends in a United States port, but that calls on more than one foreign port, will derive United States source income only from the first and last legs of such cruise. Because there are no regulations or other Internal Revenue Service interpretations of these rules, the applicability of the transportation income source rules in the aforesaid favorable manner is not free from doubt. In addition, if any of our earnings and profits effectively connected with our United States trade or business were withdrawn or were deemed to have been withdrawn from our United States trade or business, such withdrawn amounts would be subject to a “branch profits” tax at the rate of 30%. The amount of such earnings and profits would be equal to the aforesaid United States source income, with certain generally minor adjustments, less income taxes. Finally, we and Celebrity Cruises Inc. would also be potentially subject to tax on portions of certain interest paid by us at rates of up to 30%. If Section 883 was not available to our ship-owning subsidiaries, each such subsidiary would be subject to a special 4% tax on its United States source gross transportation income, if any, each year because its income is derived from the leasing of a ship and because it does not have a fixed place of business in the United States. Such United States source gross transportation income may be determined under any reasonable method, including ratios of days traveling directly to or from United States ports to total days traveling, or of the lessee’s United States source gross income from the ship (as determined under the source rules discussed in the preceding paragraph, and subject to the assumptions and qualifications set forth therein) to the lessee’s total gross income from the ship. Website Access to Reports We make available, free of charge, access to our Annual Reports on Forms 10-K and 20-F, as applicable; all quarterly and current reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 6-K, as applicable; and all amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission through our website at www.rclinvestor.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of the Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference herein. Executive Officers of the Company Pursuant to Instruction 3 to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K, the information regarding our executive officers is hereby included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our executive officers are: |