Funds that invest internationally generally carry more risk than funds that invest strictly in U.S. securities. These risks are heightened for investments in emerging markets. Risks can result from differences in economic and political conditions, regulations, market practices (including higher transaction costs), accounting standards and other factors. Foreign investments are also subject to a decline in the value of a foreign currency versus the U.S. dollar, which reduces the dollar value of securities denominated in that currency.
Foreign taxes. The fund may be subject to withholding tax on income and/or capital gains or repatriation taxes imposed by certain countries in which the fund invests. Taxes are accrued based upon investment income, realized gains or unrealized appreciation.
Line of credit. The fund may borrow from banks for temporary or emergency purposes, including meeting redemption requests that otherwise might require the untimely sale of securities. Pursuant to the fund's custodian agreement, the custodian may loan money to the fund to make properly authorized payments. The fund is obligated to repay the custodian for any overdraft, including any related costs or expenses. The custodian may have a lien, security interest or security entitlement in any fund property that is not otherwise segregated or pledged, to the extent of any overdraft, and to the maximum extent permitted by law.
The fund and other affiliated funds have entered into a syndicated line of credit agreement, with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank) as the administrative agent, that enables them to participate in a $750 million unsecured committed line of credit. Prior to June 30, 2015, the fund and other affiliated funds had an agreement with Citibank that enabled them to participate in a $300 million unsecured committed line of credit. A commitment fee, payable at the end of each calendar quarter, based on the average daily unused portion of the effective line of credit, is charged to each participating fund on a pro rata basis and is reflected in Other expenses on the Statement of operations. Commitment fees for the year ended February 29, 2016 were $4,006. For the year ended February 29, 2016, the fund had no borrowings under either line of credit.
Expenses. Within the John Hancock group of funds complex, expenses that are directly attributable to an individual fund are allocated to such fund. Expenses that are not readily attributable to a specific fund are allocated among all funds in an equitable manner, taking into consideration, among other things, the nature and type of expense and the fund's relative net assets. Expense estimates are accrued in the period to which they relate and adjustments are made when actual amounts are known.
Class allocations. Income, common expenses and realized and unrealized gains (losses) are determined at the fund level and allocated daily to each class of shares based on the net assets of the class. Class-specific expenses, such as distribution and service fees, if any, and transfer agent fees, state registration fees and printing and postage, for all classes, are calculated daily at the class level based on the net assets of each class and the specific expense rates applicable to each class. Through June 30, 2015, class-specific expenses, such as state registration fees and printing and postage, for all classes were calculated daily at the class level based on the net assets of each class and the specific expense rates applicable to each class.
Federal income taxes. The fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company by complying with the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable income that is distributed to shareholders. Therefore, no federal income tax provision is required.
For federal income tax purposes, net capital losses of $107,463,867 that are the result of security transactions occurring after October 31, 2015, are treated as occurring on March 1, 2016, the first day of the fund's next taxable year.
As of February 29, 2016, the fund had no uncertain tax positions that would require financial statement recognition, derecognition or disclosure. The fund's federal tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for a period of three years.
Distribution of income and gains. Distributions to shareholders from net investment income and net realized gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-date. The fund typically declares and pays dividends quarterly. Capital gain distributions, if any, at least annually.
The tax character of distributions for the years ended February 29, 2016 and February 28, 2015 was as follows: