Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-185676
PROSPECTUS
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g79e39.jpg)
$1,500,000,000 Maximum Offering
$2,000,000 Minimum Offering
TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC, or the Company, is a Delaware limited liability company that makes and will continue to make impact investments in Small and Medium Enterprises, or SMEs, primarily in developing economies that provide the opportunity to achieve both competitive financial returns and positive measurable impact. We intend to use the proceeds of this offering to invest in SMEs through local market sub-advisors in a diversified portfolio of financial assets, including direct loans, loan participations, convertible debt instruments, trade finance, structured credit and preferred and common equity investments. A substantial portion of our assets will consist of collateralized private debt instruments, which we believe offer opportunities for competitive risk-adjusted returns through income generation. Our investment objectives are to generate current income, capital preservation and modest capital appreciation primarily through investments in SMEs. We are externally managed by TriLinc Advisors, LLC, which we refer to as our Advisor.
We are offering on a continuous basis up to $1,500,000,000 in units of our limited liability company interest, consisting of up to $1,250,000,000 of units in our primary offering and up to $250,000,000 of units pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We are publicly offering three classes of units: Class A units, Class C units and Class I units. The unit classes have different sales commissions, dealer manager fees and there is an ongoing distribution fee with respect to Class C units. We are offering to sell any combination of Class A, Class C and Class I units with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The current offering price for the units in the primary offering is $10.000 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. We reserve the right to reallocate the units we are offering between this offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. This is a best efforts offering, which means that SC Distributors, LLC, the dealer manager for this offering, will use its best efforts, but is not required, to sell any specific amount of units. The minimum permitted purchase is $2,000 in any class of our units.
We determine our net asset value quarterly. If our net asset value on such valuation date increases above or decreases below our net proceeds per unit as stated in this prospectus, we will adjust the offering price of units, effective five business days later, to ensure that no unit is sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, that is above or below our net asset value per unit on such valuation date.
We are an “emerging growth company” under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our units may be considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of a substantial loss of investment. Please see “Risk Factors” on page 31. Among others, these risks include the following:
| • | | We have limited operating history. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives and that the value of our units could decline substantially. |
| • | | This is a “blind pool” offering because, other than existing investments, we have not identified what future investments we will make with the net proceeds of this offering. You will not be able to evaluate our future investments prior to purchasing units. We may change our investment policies without unitholder consent, which could result in investments that are different from those described in this prospectus. |
�� | • | | We may not achieve investment results that will allow us to make distributions on a monthly basis or at a specified level. |
| • | | We may pay distributions from any source and there are no limits on the amount of proceeds we may use to fund distributions. If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for the investments, and your overall return will be reduced. |
| • | | We are dependent upon our key management personnel and the key management personnel of our Advisor, and on the continued operations of our Advisor, for our future success. |
| • | | We intend to make non-U.S. investments which involve certain legal, geopolitical, investment, inflationary, repatriation and transparency risks not typically associated with U.S. investments. |
| • | | There are substantial conflicts among the interests of our investors, our interests and the interests of our Advisor, dealer manager and their respective affiliates regarding compensation, investment opportunities and management resources. |
| • | | Since this is a “best-efforts” offering, there is no assurance that we will raise significant proceeds. |
| • | | The units sold in this offering will not be listed on an exchange for the foreseeable future, if ever. Therefore, if you purchase units in this offering, it will be difficult for you to sell your units and, if you are able to sell your units, you will likely sell them at a substantial discount. |
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| | Aggregate Price to Public (1) | | | Selling Commissions (2) | | | Dealer Manager Fee (2) | | | Proceeds Before Expenses to Us (2)(3) | |
Primary Offering | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Per Class A Unit | | $ | 10.000 | | | $ | 0.700 | | | $ | 0.275 | | | $ | 9.025 | |
Per Class C Unit | | $ | 9.576 | | | $ | 0.287 | | | $ | 0.263 | | | $ | 9.025 | |
Per Class I Unit | | $ | 9.186 | | | | — | | | $ | 0.161 | | | $ | 9.025 | |
Minimum Offering | | $ | 2,000,000.00 | | | $ | 66,666.67 | | | $ | 48,333.33 | | | $ | 1,885,000 | |
Maximum Offering | | $ | 1,250,000,000.00 | | | $ | 41,666,667.67 | | | $ | 30,208,333.33 | | | $ | 1,178,125,000 | |
Distribution Reinvestment Plan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Per Class A Unit | | $ | 9.025 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 9.025 | |
Per Class C Unit | | $ | 9.025 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 9.025 | |
Per Class I Unit | | $ | 9.025 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 9.025 | |
Maximum Offering | | $ | 250,000,000.00 | | | | — | | | | — | | | $ | 250,000,000.00 | |
Total Maximum Offering | | $ | 1,500,000,000.00 | | | $ | 41,666,667.67 | | | $ | 30,208,333.33 | | | $ | 1,428,125,000.00 | |
(Primary and Distribution Reinvestment Plan) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Assumes we will sell $1,250,000,000 in the primary offering and $250,000,000 in our distribution reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate units being offered between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
(2) | The table assumes that 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class A units, 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class C units and 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class I units. We reserve the right to reallocate units being offered between Class A, Class C and Class I units. The table excludes the distribution fees for Class C units, which will be paid over time and will not be paid from offering proceeds. With respect to Class C units, we have paid and will continue to pay our dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. We will continue paying distribution fees with respect to all Class C units sold in this offering until the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of the Class C units on a national securities exchange, (ii) following the completion of this offering, total underwriting compensation in this offering equaling 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering, or (iii) there are no longer any Class C units outstanding. The figures in the table are calculated based on rounding to three decimal points. |
(3) | Proceeds are calculated before deducting issuer costs other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee. These issuer costs consist of, among others, expenses of our organization and offering. |
This prospectus contains important information about us that a prospective investor should know before investing in units of our limited liability company interest. Please read this prospectus before investing and keep it for future reference.
Neither the SEC, the Attorney General of the State of New York, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The use of projections or forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any representation to the contrary and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any future benefit or tax consequence that may flow from an investment in units of our limited liability company interest is not permitted.
The date of this prospectus is April 28, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, to register a continuous offering of units of our limited liability company interest, which we refer to as “units.” Periodically, as we make material investments or have other material developments, we will provide a prospectus supplement or amend this prospectus that may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We will endeavor to avoid interruptions in the continuous offering of units of our limited liability company interest, but may, to the extent permitted or required under the rules and regulations of the SEC, supplement the prospectus or file an amendment to the registration statement with the SEC if we determine to adjust the prices of our units because our net asset value per unit declines or increases from the amount of the net proceeds per unit as stated in the prospectus. There can be no assurance, however, that our continuous offering will not be suspended while the SEC reviews any such amendment and until it is declared effective.
Any statement that we make in this prospectus may be modified or superseded by us in a subsequent prospectus supplement. The registration statement we have filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detailed descriptions of certain matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and any prospectus supplement, together with additional information described in the section entitled “Available Information” in this prospectus. In this prospectus, we use the term “day” to refer to a calendar day, and we use the term “business day” to refer to any day other than Saturday, Sunday, a legal holiday or a day on which banks in New York City are authorized or required to close.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither we nor the dealer manager has authorized any other person to provide you with different information from that contained in this prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the dealer manager is not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is complete and accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or sale of units. If there is a material change in the affairs of our company, we will amend or supplement this prospectus.
For information on the suitability standards that investors must meet in order to purchase units in this offering, see “Suitability Standards.”
SUITABILITY STANDARDS
The following are our suitability standards for investors that are required by the Omnibus Guidelines published by the North American Securities Administrators Association in connection with our continuous offering of our units under this registration statement.
Pursuant to applicable state securities laws, units offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means who have no need for liquidity in this investment. There is not expected to be any public market for the units, which means that it may be difficult for unitholders to sell units. As a result, we have established suitability standards which require investors to have either (i) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000, or (ii) a net worth (not including home, home furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $250,000. Our suitability standards also require that a potential investor (1) can reasonably benefit from an investment in us based on such investor’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structuring; (2) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective unitholder’s overall financial situation; and (3) has apparent understanding of (a) the fundamental risks of the investment, (b) the risk that such investor may lose his or her entire investment, (c) the lack of liquidity and restrictions on transferability of the units and (d) the tax consequences of the investment. Persons who meet these standards are most likely to benefit from an investment in our company.
The minimum purchase amount is $2,000 in units. To satisfy the minimum purchase requirements for retirement plans, unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, provided that each such contribution should be not less than $500. You should note that an investment in our units will not, in itself, create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended, or the Code and the U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, or the Regulations.
If you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, any additional purchase must be in amounts of at least $500. The investment minimum for subsequent purchases does not apply to units purchased pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these suitability standards must be met by the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of units or by the beneficiary of the account.
These suitability standards are intended to help ensure that, given the long-term nature of an investment in units, our investment objectives and the relative illiquidity of units, units are an appropriate investment for those of you who become unitholders. Our sponsor and those selling units on our behalf must make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of units is a suitable and appropriate investment for each unitholder based on information provided by the unitholder in the subscription agreement. Each participating broker-dealer is required to maintain for six years records of the information used to determine that an investment in units is suitable and appropriate for a unitholder.
Certain states have established suitability requirements different from those described above. Units will be sold to investors in these states only if they meet the special suitability standards set forth below:
California: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, a California investor must have either: (i) a minimum net worth of $350,000 (exclusive of home, auto and furnishings); or (ii) a minimum annual gross income of $85,000 and a net worth of $150,000 (exclusive of home, auto and furnishings). In addition, a California investor’s maximum investment in us may not exceed 10% of such investor’s net worth.
Iowa: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, the state of Iowa requires that each Iowa investor limit his or her investment in us to a maximum of 10% of his or her liquid net worth, which is defined as cash and/or cash equivalents.
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Kansas: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, it is recommended by the Office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors not invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and other non-traded business development companies. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of total net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities, as determined in conformity with GAAP.
Kentucky: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, all Kentucky residents who invest in us must have a minimum gross annual income of $85,000 and a minimum net worth of $85,000 or a minimum net worth of $300,000. In addition, Kentucky investors must limit his or her investment in us to 10% of his or her liquid net worth.
Maine: In addition to our suitability requirements, it is recommended that Maine investors limit their investment in us and in the securities of similar programs to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth. For this purpose, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Massachusetts:Massachusetts investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and other non-traded direct participation programs. For Massachusetts residents, “liquid net worth” is that portion of an investor’s net worth (assets minus liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Nebraska: In addition to the suitability standards described above, a Nebraska investor must have either (i) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth (not including home, furnishings and personal automobiles) of at least $350,000, or (ii) a net worth (not including home, furnishings and personal automobiles) of at least $500,000. In addition, a Nebraska investor’s maximum investment in us may not exceed 10% of such investor’s net worth.
New Jersey: New Jersey investors must limit their investment in us, our affiliates, and in other non-traded business development companies to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of total net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
New Mexico: In addition to our suitability standards, a New Mexico investor’s maximum investment in us may not exceed 10% of such investor’s liquid net worth.
North Dakota:In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, North Dakota investors must represent that they have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
Ohio: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, an Ohio investor must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times such Ohio resident’s investment in us, our affiliates, and in other non-traded business development companies. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents, and readily marketable securities.
Oklahoma: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, Oklahoma residents’ investments in us must not exceed ten percent (10%) of their liquid net worth.
Oregon: In addition to the minimum suitability standards described above, Oregon investors must have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
Tennessee: In addition to the suitability standards above, Tennessee residents must have a minimum annual gross income of $100,000 and a minimum net worth of $100,000, or a minimum net worth of $500,000 exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobile. In addition, Tennessee residents’ investment must not exceed ten percent (10%) of their liquid net worth.
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Texas:Texas residents purchasing units (i) must have either (a) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $250,000; and (ii) may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in us, our affiliates or other non-traded business development companies. For Texas residents, “net worth” does not include the value of one’s home, home furnishings or automobiles.
No subscription for Class C units will be accepted from the residents of the state of Kentucky.
The exemptions for secondary trading available under California Corporations Code §25104(h) will be withheld, but there may be other exemptions to cover private sales by the bona fide owner for his own account without advertising and without being effected by or through a broker dealer in a public offering.
In purchasing units, custodians or trustees of employee pension benefit plans or IRAs may be subject to the fiduciary duties imposed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA, or other applicable laws and to the prohibited transaction rules prescribed by ERISA and related provisions of the Code. In addition, prior to purchasing units, the trustee or custodian of an employee pension benefit plan or an IRA should determine that such an investment would be permissible under the governing instruments of such plan or account and applicable law. Please note that the purchase of units may not be suitable for tax exempt investors because they may receive unrelated business taxable income from the investments that we make.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: What is a best efforts securities offering?
A: When units are offered to the public on a “best efforts” basis, the broker-dealers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell such units. Broker-dealers are not underwriters, and they do not have a firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the units.
Q: When will you accept and close on subscriptions?
A: We close on subscriptions received and accepted by us on a daily basis.
Q: Who can buy units in this offering?
A: In general, you may buy units pursuant to this prospectus if you have either (1) net worth of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000, or (2) a net worth of at least $250,000. For this purpose, net worth does not include your home, home furnishings and personal automobiles. Our suitability standards also require that a potential investor (1) can reasonably benefit from an investment in us based on such investor’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structuring; (2) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective unitholder’s overall financial situation; and (3) has apparent understanding of (a) the fundamental risks of the investment, (b) the risk that such investor may lose his or her entire investment, (c) the lack of liquidity and restrictions on transferability of the units and (d) the tax consequences of the investment.
Generally, you must purchase at least $2,000 of units, except for certain investors. See “Suitability Standards.” Certain volume discounts may be available for large purchases. See “Plan of Distribution.” If you have previously acquired units, additional purchases must be not less than $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. These minimum net worth and investment levels may be higher in certain states, so you should carefully read the more detailed description under “Suitability Standards.”
Our affiliates may also purchase units. The selling commission that is payable by other investors in this offering will be reduced or waived for certain purchasers, including our affiliates.
Q: What is the difference between the Class A, Class C and Class I units being offered?
A: We are offering three classes of units, Class A units, Class C units and Class I units at a current offering price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. The unit classes have different sales commissions and dealer manager fees, and there is an ongoing distribution fee with respect to Class C units. Specifically, we pay to our dealer manager a sales commission of up to 7.00% of gross proceeds from the sale of Class A units sold in the primary offering. For Class C units sold in the primary offering, we pay a sales commission of up to 3.00% of gross proceeds. In addition, for Class C units, we pay the dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. We will continue paying the distribution fees with respect to Class C units sold in this offering until the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of the Class C units on a national securities exchange, (ii) upon the completion of this offering, total underwriting compensation in this offering equaling 10% of the gross proceeds from the primary offering, or (iii) such Class C units no longer being outstanding. We do not pay any selling commission with respect to Class I units. We pay our dealer manager a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% of gross proceeds from the primary offering of class A and Class C units and up to 1.75% of gross proceeds from the primary offering of Class I units. See “Description of Units and Our Operating Agreement” and “Plan of Distribution” for a discussion of the differences between our classes of units.
Our Class A units, Class C units and Class I units are available for different categories of investors and/or different distribution channels. Class I units are available for purchase to institutional clients. Class A and C units
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each are available for purchase by the general public through different distribution channels (See “Plan of Distribution”). Only Class A units are available for purchase in this offering by our executive officers and board of managers and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of our Advisor and other affiliates of our Advisor and their immediate family members and, if approved by our management, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers. When deciding which class of units to buy, you should consider, among other things, whether you are eligible to purchase one or more classes of units, the amount of your investment, the length of time you intend to hold the units (assuming you are able to dispose of them), the selling commission and fees attributable to each class of units and whether you qualify for any selling commission discounts described below. Before making your investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor regarding your account type and the classes of units you may be eligible to purchase.
Q: How will investments be made?
A: We have implemented our investment strategy through partnering with multiple sub-advisors in our target regions. Our Advisor retains the services of sub-advisors to, subject to our Advisor’s oversight, identify, evaluate, and negotiate our investments, and to provide asset management services. Our Advisor has engaged in an extensive search for leading providers of SME finance to serve as our sub-advisors, and has chosen those with solid track records, deep experience in target geographies and asset classes, and a commitment to sustainable business principles. Sub-advisors make individual investment decisions based on the underwriting guidelines and other criteria provided by our Advisor as approved by our board of managers. As an element of oversight and quality control, a member of our Advisor’s investment team may participate as an observer in each sub-advisor’s investment committee. TriLinc maintains observer rights on all relevant sub-advisor investment committees. Individual sub-advisor policy and practice can vary widely and TriLinc may elect to adopt more stringent processes than sub-advisor investment committee observance. In addition, although our Advisor engages sub-advisors, our Advisor retains ultimate responsibility for the performance of all of the services under the Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement, also referred to as the Advisory Agreement. Our Advisor pays to sub-advisors a portion of certain fees payable to our Advisor under the Advisory Agreement for the performance of these services. Our board of managers annually reviews the compensation we pay to TriLinc Advisors to determine that the compensation is reasonable and that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement are carried out.
Q: What is the experience of TriLinc Advisors?
A: TriLinc Advisors is a private investment advisory firm focusing on impact investments in SMEs around the world. TriLinc Advisors’ management team has a long track record and broad experience in the management of regulated, multi-billion dollar fund complexes and global macro portfolio management. TriLinc Advisors and our sub-advisors have an extensive network of relationships with emerging market private equity and debt managers, bilateral and multilateral Development Finance Institutions (“DFIs”), and international consultancies and service providers that we believe will benefit our portfolio of investments. We benefit from both the top-down, global macro investing approach of TriLinc Advisors and its affiliates and the bottom-up deal sourcing and structuring of our sub-advisors. See “Management of the Company” for more information on the experience of the members of the senior management team.
Q: What is impact investing?
A: Simply stated, impact investing is defined as investing with the specific objective of achieving both a competitive financial return and positive, measurable economic, social and/or environmental impact. More broadly, impact investing is an emerging asset class that has captured the attention of some of the most sophisticated money managers in the world, who understand the power of mobilizing private capital to help solve some of the world’s biggest social and economic challenges. JP Morgan Global Research reports that impact investing is expected to constitute 5% to 10% of investor portfolios within 10 years. Further, according to the U.S. State Department, this emerging class of investors is generating business opportunities that analysts estimate could reach between $500 billion and several trillion dollars over the next decade.
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Q: How long will this offering last?
A: This is a continuous offering of units as permitted by the federal securities laws. The offering commenced on February 25, 2013. We file post-effective amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, that are subject to SEC review, to allow us to continue this offering. We have decided to extend this offering until December 31, 2016; however, we may terminate the offering earlier. This offering has been registered in every state in which we offer or sell units, provided that we may not offer or sell any Class C units in the state of Kentucky. Generally, such registrations are for a period of one year. Thus, we may have to stop selling units in any state in which our registration is not annually renewed or otherwise extended. Your ability to submit units for repurchase will not be affected by the expiration of this offering and the commencement of a new one.
Q: Can I invest through my IRA, SEP or after-tax deferred account?
A: Yes, subject to the suitability standards. A custodian, trustee or other authorized person must process and forward to us subscriptions made through individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, simplified employee pension plans, or SEPs, or after-tax deferred accounts. In the case of investments through IRAs, SEPs or after-tax deferred accounts, we send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to such custodian, trustee or other authorized person. Please be aware that in purchasing units, custodians or trustees of employee pension benefit plans or IRAs may be subject to the fiduciary duties imposed by ERISA or other applicable laws and to the prohibited transaction rules prescribed by ERISA and related provisions of the United States Code. In addition, depending on the structure used to make investments, it is possible that the purchase of units by tax-exempt investors such as IRAs and employee pension benefit plans could result in unrelated business taxable income. Furthermore, prior to purchasing units, the trustee or custodian of an employee pension benefit plan or an IRA should determine that such an investment would be permissible under the governing instruments of such plan or account and applicable law. See “Suitability Standards” for more information.
Q: Who is the transfer agent?
A: The name and address of our transfer agent is as follows:
DST Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 219312
Kansas City, MO 64121-9312
To ensure that any account changes are made promptly and accurately, all changes (including your address, ownership type and distribution mailing address) should be directed to the transfer agent.
Q: What kinds of fees will I be paying?
A: There are upfront and other types of fees that you will incur. First, there are unitholder transaction expenses that are a one-time up-front fee. They are calculated as a percentage of the public offering price and made up of selling commissions and dealer manager fees. There are also other offering expenses, and, with respect to Class C units, a distribution fee. In addition, as an externally managed fund, we will also incur various recurring expenses, including asset management fees and incentive fees that are payable under our Advisory Agreement. See “Our Expenses,” “Compensation of the Dealer Manager and Our Advisor,” and “Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements” for more information.
Q: How will the payment of fees and expenses affect my invested capital?
A: The payment of fees and expenses reduces: (1) the funds available to us for investments, (2) the net income generated by us, (3) funds available for distribution to our unitholders and (4) the net asset value of your units.
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Q: Are there any restrictions on the transfer of units?
A: The operating agreement places substantial limitations upon your ability to transfer units. Any transferee must be a person that would have been qualified to purchase units in this offering. No unit may be transferred if, in the judgment of the managers, and/or their counsel, a transfer would jeopardize our status as a “partnership” for federal income tax purposes. In addition, you will not be permitted to make any transfer or assignment of your units if we determine such transfer or assignment would result in the Company being classified as a “publicly traded partnership” within the meaning of Section 7704(b) of the Code. Furthermore, our operating agreement requires the consent of our board of managers for a transferee to be substituted as a member of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. We do not intend to list units on any securities exchange, and we do not expect there to be a public market for units in the foreseeable future. As a result, your ability to sell your units will be limited. We do not charge for transfers of units except for necessary and reasonable costs actually incurred by us. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Investing in the Offering.”
Q: Will I be able to sell the units in a secondary market?
A: We do not intend to list units on a securities exchange during the offer period, and do not expect a public market to develop for units in the foreseeable future. Because of the lack of a trading market for units, unitholders may not be able to sell their units promptly or at a desired price. If you are able to sell your units you may have to sell them at a discount to the purchase price of your units.
Q: Will I otherwise be able to liquidate my investment?
A: In the future, our board of managers may consider various forms of liquidity, each of which is referred to as a liquidity event, including, but not limited to: (1) dissolution and winding up distribution of our assets; (2) merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets; or (3) the listing of units on a national securities exchange. If we do not consummate a liquidity event within five years from August 25, 2016, we will be required to commence an orderly liquidation of the assets unless a majority of our board, including a majority of the independent managers, determines that liquidation is not in the best interests of our unitholders. Under such circumstances the commencement of an orderly liquidation will be postponed for one year. Further postponement of the liquidity event would only be permitted if a majority of our board, including a majority of independent managers, again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our unitholders and our board must make a determination in this manner during each successive year until a liquidity event has occurred. If we at any time choose to seek but then fail to obtain unitholder approval of our liquidation, our operating agreement would not require us to consummate a liquidity event or liquidate and would not require our board to revisit the issue of liquidation, and we could continue to operate as before. There can be no assurance that we will complete a liquidity event. Prior to the completion of a liquidity event, our unit repurchase program may provide a limited opportunity for you to have your units repurchased, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a price which may reflect a discount from the purchase price you paid for the units being repurchased. See “Unit Repurchase Program” for a detailed description of our unit repurchase program.
Q: Will the distributions I receive be taxable?
A: As discussed below, we are characterized as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our unitholders are allocated their respective share of the Company items of income gain, loss, deduction and credit that may not be directly related to the actual cash distributions made by the Company. Accordingly, while the Company is operating, a unitholder generally will not recognize gain on the receipt of a distribution of money from the Company (including any constructive distribution of money resulting from a reduction in the unitholder’s share of our liabilities), except to the extent such a distribution exceeds the unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in our units. A unitholder’s tax basis in its units initially is the amount paid for such units, plus the unitholder’s allocable share (as determined for federal income tax purposes) of any liabilities of the Company, and will thereafter be adjusted as required under the Code to give effect on an ongoing basis to the unitholder’s allocable share of our tax items, distributions and liabilities. Liquidating distributions, however, generally will
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result in the recognition of taxable gain by the unitholder. Such gain will be recognized to the extent that the amount of money received (including any constructive distribution of money resulting from a reduction in the unitholder’s share of our liabilities) exceeds the unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in its units.
The rules governing the taxation of partnerships and individual partners are quite complex, and unitholders should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of an investment in the units in light of the investor’s particular circumstances.
Q: When will I get my detailed tax information?
A: We send to each of our U.S. unitholders, within 75 days after the end of each calendar year, a Form K-1 detailing each unitholder’s allocable share of the Company’s items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit.
Q: Who can help answer my questions?
A: If you have more questions about the offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your registered representative or the dealer manager at:
SC Distributors, LLC
695 Town Center Drive
Suite 600
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
657-383-9640
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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements, which relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus involve risks and uncertainties, including statements as to:
| • | | our future operating results; |
| • | | our ability to raise capital in this offering; |
| • | | our ability to purchase or make investments; |
| • | | our business prospects and the prospects of our borrowers; |
| • | | the economic, social and/or environmental impact of the investments that we expect to make; |
| • | | our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties; |
| • | | our ability to make distributions to our unitholders; |
| • | | the dependence of our future success on the general economy and its impact on the companies in which we invest; |
| • | | the availability of cash flow from operating activities for distributions and payment of operating expenses; |
| • | | the performance of our Advisor, our sub-advisors and our Sponsor; |
| • | | our dependence on the resources and personnel of our Advisor and the financial resources of our Sponsor; |
| • | | the ability of our borrowers to make required payments; |
| • | | our Advisor’s ability to attract and retain sufficient personnel to support our growth and operations; |
| • | | the lack of a public trading market for our units; |
| • | | our limited operating history; |
| • | | any failure in our Advisor’s or sub-advisors’ due diligence to identify all relevant facts in our underwriting process or otherwise; |
| • | | the ability of our sub-advisors and borrowers to achieve their objectives; |
| • | | our ability to obtain financing; |
| • | | performance of our investments relative to our expectations and the impact on our actual return on invested equity, as well as the cash provided by these investments; |
| • | | the effectiveness of our portfolio management techniques and strategies; |
| • | | the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital; |
| • | | failure to maintain effective internal controls; and |
| • | | the loss of our exemption from the definition of an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. |
We use words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including the factors set forth in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.
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We have based the forward-looking statements included in this prospectus on information available to us on the date of this prospectus, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the SEC.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights some of the information in this prospectus. It may not contain all of the information that you may want to consider. To understand this offering fully, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the section entitled “Risk Factors,” before making a decision to invest in the units of our limited liability company interest.
TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company formed on April 30, 2012. Unless otherwise noted, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and “our company” refer to TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC; the term our “Advisor” and “TriLinc Advisors” refers to TriLinc Advisors, LLC, our external advisor; the term “SC Distributors” and our “dealer manager” refers to SC Distributors, LLC, our dealer manager; and the term our “Sponsor” refers to TriLinc Global, LLC, our sponsor.
TriLinc Global Impact Fund
TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company that makes impact investments in Small and Medium Enterprises, or SMEs, which we define as those businesses having less than 500 employees, primarily in developing economies that provide the opportunity to achieve both competitive financial returns and positive measurable impact. We have used and intend to continue to use the proceeds of this offering to invest in SMEs through local market sub-advisors in a diversified portfolio of financial assets, including trade finance, direct loans, convertible debt instruments, structured credit and preferred and common equity investments. The majority of our assets consist of collateralized private debt instruments, which we believe offer opportunities for competitive risk-adjusted returns through income generation. We are externally managed and advised by TriLinc Advisors.
Market Opportunity
We are centered on a single idea: providing access to finance for SMEs, particularly in developing economies, is both a profitable investment proposition and an effective driver of sustainable economic development. We believe significant opportunity exists in small and growing businesses, which through expansion have the ability to hire more employees, produce more goods for local consumption, provide training to locally-based employees and pay more taxes through increased revenues. By increasing the local production of quality goods and services, these businesses can support the growing middle class in those markets.
Consistently across countries in the developed and developing world, SMEs account for a significant portion of economic growth and job creation. According to the private sector arm of the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) in its most recent SME Banking Guide, SMEs account for over half of GDP and over two-thirds of the new jobs in high-income countries. In developing economies, defined as those classified as upper-middle income and below by the World Bank, IFC studies have estimated that there are 25-30 million formal SMEs in operation, representing up to 33% of GDP and up to 45% of formal employment. Despite the economic and social importance of small businesses, there are many obstacles to their growth globally.
We believe that the underserved nature of such a large segment of the global economy, coupled with a strong demand for capital from the SMEs themselves, has created significant opportunity for investment. Because of the current investing environment, we believe that SMEs are likely to offer attractive investment terms in the form of current cash yield, deferred interest and equity warrants, and more attractive security features such as stricter loan covenants and quality collateral. Additionally, as compared to larger companies, SMEs often have simpler capital structures and carry less debt, thus aiding the structuring and negotiation process and allowing for greater flexibility in structuring favorable transactions.
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Potential Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following key strengths and potential competitive advantages will enable us to capitalize on the significant opportunities in SME finance around the world.
| • | | Significant Experience of Management of our Advisor and Sub-Advisors |
The senior management team of our Advisor has a long track record and broad experience in managing and operating regulated, multi-billion dollar fund complexes. Among this experience, members of TriLinc Advisors’ senior management team have held senior executive positions at large global banks, institutional money managers and independent investment advisors. Furthermore, the senior management team has significant experience in global macro portfolio management, including executing multi-manager global macro investment strategies across asset classes, geographies and industries. This experience emphasizes maximizing risk-adjusted returns, utilizing alternative asset classes and hedging portfolio risk exposures, as well as the importance of a rigorous and disciplined approach to manager due diligence. This macro experience is complemented by the experience of our sub-advisors, who have deep local networks, a firm understanding of the local culture and regulatory environment, and a reputation for being high-quality investment partners. The principals of our sub-advisors have collectively deployed more than $42 billion in developing economy debt transactions. These qualities have enabled them to realize solid track records, and afford them access to high quality deal flow to the benefit of the Company.
| • | | Attractive Return Profile of Asset Classes |
We believe that investments in SME direct loans and SME trade finance globally present the opportunity to generate competitive and stable cash flows and deliver attractive financial returns. Although SMEs are underserved by traditional capital providers like local commercial banks, global financial institutions believe SMEs to be a “key source of profits,” according to the World Economic Forum (“WEF”). Surveys reported in the WEF 2012 Report have indicated that banks globally perceive SME banking as a “large” and “attractive” market that can be more “profitable than serving large companies.” We also provide trade financing to SMEs, an asset class, according to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), that has enjoyed stable performance and low default rates in recent years. We believe that SME finance will continue to present an attractive financial opportunity in the coming years, and that we will be well-positioned to identify high-quality borrowers in our target regions.
| • | | Strategic Relationships and Access to Deal Flow |
Our senior executives have extensive backgrounds in the asset management and investment industry, and along with our sub-advisors, have developed an expansive network of relationships with developing economy private equity and debt managers, bilateral and multilateral DFIs, and international consultancies and service providers that we believe will benefit our portfolio of investments. TriLinc Advisors’ local market sub-advisors are the conduit to country and region-specific deal flow. To be considered for participation, sub-advisors must demonstrate their presence and track record in their geographies, both of which are dependent on their ability to tap their local market networks to source lending opportunities from local SMEs. Since our sub-advisors typically have decades of experience in these markets, they are able to maintain a robust pipeline of potential investments and maintain a high degree of selectivity when evaluating multiple opportunities.
| • | | Unique Focus, Structure, and Early Mover Advantage |
We have created a unique fund structure that we believe gives U.S. non-accredited investors their first-ever opportunity to invest in a fund dedicated to financing developing economy SMEs. As a public company with access to capital, we believe that we will be uniquely positioned to address the capital shortage problem in global
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SME finance. In making these investments, we measure and report the economic, social and/or environmental impacts at the borrower and portfolio level. We believe that we are the first retail product that provides this level of transparency and impact reporting to non-accredited investors.
We have taken multiple steps to structure our relationship with TriLinc Advisors so that our interests and those of TriLinc Advisors are closely aligned. TriLinc Advisors will not offer any units it owns for repurchase as long as TriLinc Advisors remains our Advisor. We believe TriLinc Advisors’ incentive compensation structure will align our interests with those of TriLinc Advisors, which will create the conditions to optimize returns and risk tolerance for our unitholders. In addition, by providing primarily debt to SMEs instead of equity, we leave ownership in the hands of the current owners, which encourages responsible growth to protect the value of their equity. Furthermore, we have voluntarily structured the Company with a board of managers, a majority of who are independent, in order to monitor our policies and conflicts.
Our Business Strategy and Policies
Our business strategy is to generate competitive financial returns and positive economic, social and/or environmental impact by providing financing to SMEs, primarily in developing economies. Our style of investment is referred to as impact investing, which J.P. Morgan Global Research and Rockefeller Foundation in a 2010 report called “an emerging alternative asset class” and defined as investing with the intent to create positive impact beyond financial return. We believe it is possible to generate competitive financial returns while creating positive, measurable impact. We measure the economic, social and environmental impact of our investments using industry-standard metrics, and intend to report using the Impact Reporting and Investment Standards, or IRIS. Through our investments in SMEs, we believe we are enabling job creation and stimulating economic growth.
Our investment objectives are to provide our unitholders current income, capital preservation and modest capital appreciation. This is achieved primarily through SME trade finance and term loan financing, while employing rigorous risk-mitigation and due diligence practices, and transparently measuring and reporting the economic, social and/or environmental impacts of our investments. The majority of our investments are, and we expect will continue to be, senior secured trade finance, senior secured loans and other collateralized loans or loan participations to SMEs with established, profitable businesses in developing economies. With our sub-advisors, we expect to provide growth capital financing generally ranging in size from $5-15 million per transaction for direct SME loans and $500,000 to $5 million for trade finance transactions. We seek to protect and grow investor capital by: (1) targeting countries with favorable economic growth and investor protections; (2) partnering with sub-advisors with significant experience in local markets; (3) focusing on creditworthy lending targets which have at least 3-year operating histories and demonstrated cash flows enabling loan repayment; (4) making primarily debt investments, backed by collateral and borrower guarantees; (5) employing best practices in our due diligence and risk mitigation processes; and (6) monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
Our goal is to create a diversified portfolio of primarily private debt instruments, including trade finance and term loans, whose counterparties are small and medium-size businesses in developing economies. Private debt facilities generate current income and, in some cases, offer the potential for modest capital appreciation, while maintaining a higher place in a company’s capital structure than the equity held by the owners and other investors. It is expected that, as small and growing businesses, our borrowers will use capital to expand operations, improve the financial standing of their operations, or finance the trade of their goods with other markets. According to the most recent IFC SME Banking Guide, SMEs have been shown to improve job creation and GDP growth throughout the world, and, based on our underwriting criteria, we expect the portfolio of our
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investments to have a positive, measurable impact in their communities, in addition to offering a competitive financial return to the investor.
Our Corporate Structure
Our anticipated organizational structure is as follows:
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g74b94.jpg)
* | Gloria S. Nelund owns 33.97% of the equity interest in the Sponsor. |
Risk Factors
An investment in our units involves a high degree of risk and may be considered speculative. You should carefully consider the information found in “Risk Factors” before deciding to invest in our units. The following are some of the risks you will take in investing in our units:
| • | | This is a “blind pool” offering because, other than the investments we have made, we have not identified what future investments we will make with the net proceeds of this offering. You will not be able to evaluate our future investments prior to purchasing units. We may change our investment policies without unitholder consent, which could result in investments that are different from those described in this prospectus. |
| • | | We may not achieve investment results that will allow us to make distributions on a monthly basis or at a specified level of cash distributions. |
| • | | We may pay distributions from any source and there are no limits on the amount of proceeds we may use to fund distributions. Until the proceeds from this offering are fully invested and from time to time during our operational stage, we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund distributions. If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for the investments, and your overall return may be reduced. |
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| • | | We are dependent upon our key management personnel and the key management personnel of our Advisor, and on the continued operations of our Advisor, for our future success. |
| • | | We have made and intend to continue to make non-U.S. investments which involve certain legal, geopolitical, investment, repatriation, and transparency risks not typically associated with U.S. investments. |
| • | | There are substantial conflicts among the interests of our investors, our interests and the interests of our Advisor, dealer manager and their respective affiliates regarding compensation, investment opportunities and management resources. The fees we pay to affiliates were not determined on an arms-length basis. |
| • | | Since this is a “best-efforts” offering, there is neither any requirement, nor any assurance, that a certain offering amounts will be raised. |
| • | | The units sold in this offering will not be listed on an exchange for the foreseeable future, if ever. Therefore, if you purchase units in this offering, it will be difficult for you to sell your units and, if you are able to sell your units, you will likely sell them at a substantial discount. |
| • | | We established the current offering price for our units on an arbitrary basis and the offering price may not accurately reflect the value of our assets. |
| • | | We have limited operating history. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives and that the value of units could decline substantially. |
| • | | Our investment objectives provide for substantial investment diversification amongst countries, regions and individual borrowers. There is no assurance that we will be able to achieve our stated targets for portfolio diversification. |
| • | | Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on our Advisor’s ability to manage and support our investment process and to choose appropriate sub-advisors. If our Advisor were to lose any members of its senior management team, our ability to achieve our investment objectives could be significantly harmed. |
| • | | We will be subject to risks incident to making loans to small and medium sized enterprises in developing countries. |
| • | | You will experience substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of your units equal to the offering costs associated with your units. |
Our Advisor
TriLinc Advisors, a Delaware limited liability company, manages our investments. TriLinc Advisors is a private investment advisory firm focusing on impact investments in SMEs around the world. TriLinc Advisors is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended. Led by its Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Compliance Officer Gloria Nelund, Brent VanNorman, its Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and Paul Sanford, its Chief Investment Officer, TriLinc Advisors’ management team has a long track record and broad experience in the management of regulated, multi-billion dollar fund complexes and global macro portfolio management. TriLinc Advisors and our sub-advisors have an extensive network of relationships with emerging market private equity and debt managers, bilateral and multilateral DFIs, and international consultancies and service providers that we believe will benefit our portfolio of investments. We benefit from both the top-down, global macro investing approach of TriLinc Advisors and its affiliates and the bottom-up deal sourcing and structuring of our sub-advisors. TriLinc Advisors receives certain management and incentive fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to this offering and the investment and management of our assets. See “— Compensation of the Dealer Manager and Our Advisor” below.
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TriLinc Advisors is a joint venture between TriLinc Global, LLC, or TriLinc Global, and Strategic Capital Advisory Services, LLC, or Strategic Capital. The purpose of the joint venture is to permit our Advisor to capitalize upon the expertise of the TriLinc management team as well as the experience of the executives of Strategic Capital in providing advisory services in connection with the formation, organization, registration and operation of entities similar to the Company. Strategic Capital provides certain services to, and on behalf of, our Advisor, including but not limited to formation and advisory services related to our formation and the structure of this offering, financial and strategic planning advice and analysis, overseeing the development of marketing materials, selecting and negotiating with third party vendors and other administrative and operational services. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement and its ownership in TriLinc Advisors, Strategic Capital is entitled to receive distributions equal to 15% of the gross cash proceeds received by TriLinc Advisors from the management and incentive fees payable by us to TriLinc Advisors under the Advisory Agreement. These distributions are for bona fide services performed by Strategic Capital for TriLinc Advisors in accordance with its ownership percentage and is not underwriting compensation.
On May 15, 2012, TriLinc Advisors purchased 22,161 Class A units for aggregate gross proceeds of $200,000. In addition, our Sponsor had purchased through June 13, 2013, an additional 321,329.639 Class A units for aggregate gross proceeds of $2,900,000 to further align its interests with the interests of the investors. Certain investors in the Sponsor, including, Baldwin Brothers, Inc. and Chilton Capital Management LLC, provided funds for this investment.
Our Sponsor
TriLinc Global serves as our Sponsor and is the managing member of our Advisor with the right to control the activities of our Advisor, except with respect to certain major decisions. TriLinc Global is a private asset management company that invests capital in small and mid-sized businesses in developing economies globally through a series of impact-focused investment funds. TriLinc Global’s primary goal across its business platforms is to provide access to impact investments with potential for both competitive financial returns and positive, measurable global impact through the alternative investment products it creates. TriLinc Global believes it is differentiated from other impact investors in both its focus on generating investor returns in line with broader commercial markets and its ability to deliver quantitative reporting on the impact generated through its investments.
Our Dealer Manager
SC Distributors, LLC, or SC Distributors, a Delaware limited liability company formed in March 2009, serves as our dealer manager for this offering. Strategic Capital is an affiliate of our dealer manager and has an equity interest in our Advisor. Our dealer manager is a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, and is located at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 600, Costa Mesa, California 92626. Our dealer manager receives dealer manager fees, selling commissions, distribution fees with respect to Class C units, and certain reimbursements for services relating to this offering. See “— Compensation of the Dealer Manager and Our Advisor” below.
Classes of Units
Class A Units
Each Class A unit issued in the primary offering is subject to a sales commission of up to 7.00% per unit and a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% per unit. We do not pay sales commissions or dealer manager fees on Class A units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Class A units are available for purchase by the general public through different distribution channels. In addition, our executive officers and board of managers and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of our Advisor and other affiliates of our
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Advisor and their immediate family members and, if approved by our board of managers, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers may only purchase Class A units.
Class C Units
Each Class C unit issued in the primary offering is subject to a sales commission of up to 3.00% per unit and a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% per unit. In addition, for Class C units, we pay our dealer manager on a monthly basis a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. The payment of distribution fees with respect to Class C units out of cash otherwise distributable to Class C unitholders results in a lower amount of distributions being paid with respect to Class C units. We do not pay sales commissions or dealer manager fees on Class C units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Class C units are available for purchase by the general public through different distribution channels.
Class I Unit
No selling commission is paid for sales of any Class I units, and we do not pay our dealer manager a distribution fee with respect to the Class I units. Each Class I unit is subject to a dealer manager fee of up to 1.75% per unit. Class I units are available for purchase to certain institutional clients.
Other than the differing fees with respect to each class described above and the payment of a distribution fee out of cash otherwise distributable to Class C unitholders, Class A units, Class C units, and Class I units have identical rights and privileges, such as identical voting rights. The net proceeds from the sale of all three classes of units are commingled for investment purposes and all earnings from all of the investments proportionally accrue to each unit regardless of the class.
In addition, the net asset value per unit is calculated in the same manner for each unit of any class and the net asset value per unit of any class is the same. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or any liquidating distribution of our assets, such assets, or the proceeds thereof, will be distributed among all the unitholders in proportion to the number of units held by such holder. See “Description of Units and Our Operating Agreement” for more details regarding our classes of units.
The Offering
We are offering up to $1,500,000,000 in our units, $1,250,000,000 of which are being offered to the public at a price based on the most recent valuation, plus related selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses and $250,000,000 of which are being offered pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at a price equal to our then current offering price per each class of units, less the sales fees associated with that class of units in the primary offering. Until the price of units changes pursuant to such a valuation, we will sell units on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. In May, 2012, our Advisor purchased 22,160.665 Class A units for aggregate gross proceeds of $200,000. On June 11, 2013, our Sponsor purchased $2.4 million in Class A units and on June 13, 2013, our Sponsor purchased an additional $500,000 in Class A units. Certain investors in the Sponsor, including Baldwin Brothers, Inc. and Chilton Capital Management LLC, provided funds for this investment. Therefore, as of June 11, 2013, we had raised sufficient offering proceeds to satisfy the minimum offering requirements for our initial public offering with respect to all states other than the state of Pennsylvania and we commenced operations. As of March 31, 2016, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $189.4 million from the sale of approximately 19.7 million units of our limited liability company interest, including units issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. As of March 31, 2016, $1.31 billion in units remained available for sales pursuant to this offering, including approximately $245.0 million in units available pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
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We are publicly offering three classes of units: Class A units, Class C units and Class I units. The unit classes have different selling commissions and dealer manager fees and there is an ongoing distribution fee with respect to Class C units. We are offering to sell any combination of Class A, Class C and Class I units with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. We reserve the right to reallocate the units between Class A, Class C and Class I and between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
On November 20, 2015, we filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC in connection with the proposed offering of up to $1.15 billion in units of our limited liability company interest, including $150.0 million in units to be issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan (the “Follow-On Offering”). As of the date of this prospectus, the registration statement for the Follow-On Offering has not been declared effective by the SEC. The Follow-On Offering will only commence after the termination of this offering.
The offering commenced on February 25, 2013. We may sell the units in this offering until December 31, 2016; however, we may decide to extend this offering,, or we may terminate the offering earlier. In some states, we will need to renew our registration annually in order to continue offering units.
Valuations
Our board of managers has established procedures for the valuation of our investment portfolio, which commenced the third quarter of 2013. Our net asset value is determined by our board of managers based on the input of our Advisor, our audit committee, an opinion of Duff & Phelps, LLC as to the reasonableness of our internal estimates of fair value of selected loans, and, if engaged by our board of managers, one or more independent valuation firms. We may value our investments using different valuation approaches. For more information regarding our valuation process and approaches, see “Business — Valuations.” If our net asset value increases above or decreases below our net proceeds per unit as stated in this prospectus, we will adjust the offering prices of units to ensure that after the effective date of the new offering prices no unit is sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, that is above or below our net asset value per unit as of the most recent valuation date. See “Plan of Distribution.” We will supplement the prospectus or file an amendment to the registration statement with the SEC, as appropriate, if we adjust the prices of our units because our net asset value per unit increases or decreases from the amount of the net proceeds per unit as stated in the prospectus. We will include in any such prospectus supplement or amendment the new offering price as well as how each class of assets in our investment portfolio was valued. New offering prices will be effective five business days after the board of managers determines to set new prices and we publicly disclose such prices.
Based on our net asset value of $138,620,607 as of December 31, 2015, our board of managers has determined that no change to the offering price of our units is required and we are continuing to sell our units at their original price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. Our estimated net asset value was determined in accordance with the procedures set forth above. Our net asset value and the offering prices would have decreased if the Sponsor had not made a capital contribution in the amount of $51,034 in the quarter ended December 31, 2013 and $31,750 in the quarter ended March 31, 2014, or had not absorbed and deferred reimbursement for a substantial portion of our operating expenses since we began our operations. As of December 31, 2015, our Sponsor has agreed to pay a cumulative total of approximately $7.5 million of operating expenses.
Estimated Use of Proceeds
Assuming that 1/3 of the primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class A units, 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class C units and 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class I units and all of the units available for the distribution reinvestment plan are sold if we sell the maximum offering, our management team expects to invest approximately 89.25%, if only the minimum offering
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is sold, to 93.96%, if the maximum offering is sold, of the gross offering proceeds to make investments in accordance with our investment objectives and by following the strategies described in this prospectus. If all of our gross offering proceeds come from sales of Class A units, we expect to invest approximately 85.25%, if only the minimum offering is sold, to 90.63%, if the maximum offering is sold, of the gross offering proceeds. If gross proceeds are split evenly among the three classes of units (Classes A, C and I) and we only raise $750 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 92.58% and if we only raise $200 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 89.25%. If all of our gross offering proceeds come from sales of Class A units and we only raise $750 million in the offering, we expect to invest approximately 88.58%, and if we only raise $200 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 85.25%. The actual percentage of offering proceeds used to make investments will depend on the number of primary units sold and the number of units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan as well as whether we sell more or less than we have assumed of Class A units, Class C units or Class I units and actual organization and offering expenses incurred. See “Estimated Use of Proceeds.”
Suitability Standards
Pursuant to applicable state securities laws, units offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means who have no need for liquidity in this investment. There is not expected to be any public market for the units, which means that investors will likely have limited ability to sell their units. As a result, we have established suitability standards which require investors to have either (i) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least $70,000, or (ii) a net worth (not including home, furnishings, and personal automobiles) of at least $250,000. These minimum net worth and investment levels may be higher in certain states, so you should carefully read the more detailed description under “Suitability Standards” above.
How to Subscribe
Investors who meet the suitability standards described herein may purchase our units. Investors seeking to purchase our units should proceed as follows:
| • | | Read this entire prospectus and all appendices and supplements accompanying this prospectus. |
| • | | Complete the execution copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included in this prospectus as Appendix B. |
| • | | Deliver a check for the full purchase price of the units being subscribed for along with the completed subscription agreement to the participating broker-dealer. You should make your check payable to “TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC.” After you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement, additional purchases must be for the minimum of $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. |
| • | | By executing the subscription agreement and paying the total purchase price for the units subscribed for, each investor attests that he or she meets the suitability standards as stated in the subscription agreement and agrees to be bound by all of the terms of our operating agreement. |
Subscriptions are effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. Subscriptions are accepted or rejected within 10 business days of receipt of each completed subscription agreement by us and, if rejected, all funds shall be returned to subscribers without interest and without deduction for any expenses within 10 business days from the date the subscription is rejected. We are not permitted to accept a subscription for the units until at least five business days after the date you receive the final prospectus. If we accept your subscription, our transfer agent will mail you a confirmation of acceptance.
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An approved trustee must process and forward to us subscriptions made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the trustee.
Unit Repurchase Program
We do not currently intend to list our units on any securities exchange and do not expect a public market to develop for the units in the foreseeable future. As a result, if you purchase our units, your ability to sell your units will be limited. On June 11, 2014, we commenced a unit repurchase program pursuant to which we conduct quarterly unit repurchases to allow our unitholders, who have held our units for a minimum of one year, to sell their units back to us at a price equal to the then current offering price less the sales fees associated with that class of units. Our unit repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that limit your ability to sell your units. In particular, the unit repurchase program provides that we may make repurchase offers only if we have sufficient funds available for repurchase and to the extent the total number of units for which repurchase is requested in any 12 month period does not exceed 5% of the weighted average number of outstanding units at the beginning of the 12 month period. The limitations and restrictions relating to our unit repurchase program may prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any quarter. See “Unit Repurchase Program.”
Our board of managers has the ability, in its sole discretion, to amend or suspend the plan or to waive any specific condition if it is deemed to be in our best interest. See “Unit Repurchase Program.”
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company had received and processed six repurchase requests. The Company repurchased an aggregate of 6,491 Class A units, 2,374 Class C units, and 10,141 Class I units at a price of $9.025 per unit for a total of $171,528.
Advisor Fees
We pay TriLinc Advisors a fee for its services under the Advisory Agreement. The fee consists of two components: a management fee and an incentive fee.
The asset management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of our gross assets payable quarterly in arrears. The incentive fee is divided into two parts:
| • | | An incentive fee on net investment income, which we refer to as the subordinated incentive fee on income, is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears and is based upon our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding quarter. No subordinated incentive fee is earned by our Advisor in any calendar quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred return rate of 1.50% (6.0% annualized), or the preferred return. All of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the quarterly preferred return, but is less than or equal to 1.875% (7.5% annualized) on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, in any quarter, is payable to our Advisor. We refer to this portion of our subordinated incentive fee on income as the catch up. It is intended to provide an incentive fee of 20% on all of our pre-incentive fee net investment income when our pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter in any quarter. For any quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal 20% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, because the preferred return and catch up will have been achieved. |
| • | | An incentive fee on capital gains is earned on investments sold and shall be determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year during which the Advisory Agreement is in effect. In the case the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the fee also becomes payable as of the effective date of |
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| such termination. The fee equals 20% of our realized capital gains, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains. Incentive fee on capital gains is equal to our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis. |
Liquidity Strategy
In the future, our board of managers will consider various forms of liquidity, each of which is referred to as a liquidity event, including, but not limited to: (1) dissolution and winding up distribution of our assets, (2) sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or our sale or merger or (3) the listing of units on a national securities exchange. In making the decision to apply for a listing, our board will consider whether listing or liquidating our assets will result in greater value for our unitholders. If we do not consummate a liquidity event within five years from August 25, 2016, we will be required to commence an orderly liquidation of the assets unless a majority of our board, including a majority of the independent managers, determines that liquidation is not in the best interests of our unitholders.
Under such circumstances the commencement of an orderly liquidation will be postponed for one year. Further postponement of the liquidity event would only be permitted if a majority of our board, including a majority of independent managers, again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our unitholders and our board must make a determination in this manner during each successive year until a liquidity event has occurred.
If we at any time choose to seek but then fail to obtain unitholder approval of our liquidation, our operating agreement would not require us to consummate a liquidity event or liquidate and would not require our board to revisit the issue of liquidation for the next year or indefinitely, and we could continue to operate as before. Accordingly, unitholders may be required to hold their units for an extended period of time or indefinitely. If we sought and obtained unitholder approval of our liquidation, we will cease reinvestment of the offering proceeds and will begin an orderly sale of our assets. The precise timing of such sales would take account of the prevailing capital and credit markets generally as well as the federal income tax consequences to our unitholders. See “Liquidity Strategy.”
Reports to Unitholders
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are available on our website at www.trilincglobalimpactfund.com, following the end of each fiscal quarter and fiscal year, as applicable. These reports, as well as our Current Reports on Form 8-K, are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Distributions
We pay distributions pursuant to the terms of our operating agreement on a monthly basis. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Distributions are subject to the board of managers’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions and accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will make distributions at a specific rate or at all. Generally, our policy is to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. However, our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from any source, including borrowings and offering proceeds, capital contributions from the Sponsor, provided, however that no funds will be advanced or borrowed for purpose of distributions, if the amount of such distributions would exceed our accrued and received revenues for the previous four quarters, less paid and accrued operating costs with respect to such revenues. We have not established a cap on the use of proceeds to fund distributions. During the quarters ending December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, the Sponsor made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750, respectively, which were added to our cash flow from operations in order to cover the distributions made during those quarters. In addition, as of December 31, 2015, the Sponsor has agreed to pay a
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cumulative total of approximately $7.5 million of operating expenses. If our Sponsor does not absorb our operating expenses, the distributions would need to be reduced. If we continue to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investments and your overall return will be reduced. Distributions are made on all classes of our units at the same time. The cash distributions received by our unitholders with respect to the Class C units are and will continue to be lower than the cash distributions with respect to Class A and Class I units because of the distribution fee relating to Class C units, which is an expense specific to Class C unitholders. Amounts distributed to each class will be allocated among the unitholders in such class in proportion to their units.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which you may elect to have the full amount of your cash distributions from us reinvested in additional units of the same class. Units under our distribution reinvestment plan are offered at a price equal to the then current offering price per unit less the sales fees associated with that class of units in the primary offering. No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are paid on units sold under our distribution reinvestment plan. The distribution fee is payable with respect to all Class C units, including Class C units issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. We may affect registration of additional units for issuance under our distribution reinvestment plan and may reallocate units between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
If you participate in the distribution reinvestment plan, you will not receive the cash from your distributions, other than any special distributions that are designated by our board of managers. As a result, you may have a tax liability with respect to your deemed distributions, but you will not receive cash distributions to pay such liability. We may amend, suspend or terminate the distribution reinvestment plan at our discretion. For information on how to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, see “Distribution Reinvestment Plan.”
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Although these exemptions will be available to us, they will not have a material impact on our public reporting and disclosure. We are deemed a “smaller reporting company” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and as a smaller reporting company, we are permanently exempt from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, because we have no employees, we do not have any executive compensation or golden parachute payments to report in our periodic reports and proxy statements.
We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenues equal or exceed $1 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering, which is December 31, 2018, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt, or (iv) the date on which we are deemed a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act.
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Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates.
Investment Company Act Considerations
We have conducted and intend to conduct our operations so that we and our subsidiaries, if any, will qualify for an exemption under, or otherwise will not be required to register as an investment company under, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the Investment Company Act.
Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. Government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. Excluded from the term “investment securities,” among other things, are U.S. Government securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
We conduct our business primarily through our direct and indirect wholly- and majority-owned subsidiaries, including foreign subsidiaries, which were established to carry out specific activities. Although we reserve the right to modify our business methods at any time, the focus of our business involves providing loans and other financing of the nature described in this prospectus. We conduct our operations so that they comply with the limit imposed by the 40% test and we do not hold ourselves out as being engaged primarily, or actually engage, in the business of investing in securities. Therefore, we expect that we will not be subject to registration or regulation as an investment company of any kind (including, without limitation, a face-amount certificate company, unit investment trust, open-end or closed-end company or a management company electing to be treated as a business development company) under the Investment Company Act. The securities issued to us by our wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, which subsidiaries will be neither investment companies nor companies exempt under Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, will not be investment securities for the purpose of this 40% test.
One or more of our subsidiaries may seek to qualify for an exception or exemption from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act pursuant to other provisions of the Investment Company Act, such as Sections 3(c)(5)(A) which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring notes, drafts, acceptances, open accounts receivable, and other obligations representing part or all of the sales price of merchandise, insurance and services” and Section 3(c)(5)(B) which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of making loans to manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers of, and to prospective purchasers of, specified merchandise, insurance and services.” Each of these exemptions generally requires that at least 55% of such subsidiary’s assets be invested in eligible loans and receivables. To qualify for either of the foregoing exemptions, the subsidiary would be required to comply with interpretations issued by the staff of the SEC that govern the respective activities.
We monitor our holdings and those of our subsidiaries to ensure continuing and ongoing compliance with these and/or other applicable tests, and we are responsible for making the determinations and calculations required to confirm our compliance with tests. If the SEC does not agree with our determinations, we may be required to adjust our activities and/or those of our subsidiaries.
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Qualification for these or other exceptions or exemptions could affect our ability to originate, participate in or hold fixed-income assets, or could require us to dispose of investments that we might prefer to retain in order to remain qualified for such exemptions. Changes in current policies by the SEC and its staff could also require that we alter our business activities for this purpose. For a discussion of certain risks associated with the Investment Company Act, please see “Risk Factors.”
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266. We maintain a website atwww.trilincglobalimpactfund.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider that information to be part of this prospectus.
OUR EXPENSE SUMMARY
The following table is intended to assist investors in understanding the various fees and expenses associated with an investment in us. The table summarizes our aggregate expenses.
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Unitholder Transaction Expenses (1) | | | | |
| |
Selling Commissions for Class A units, as % of Class A gross offering proceeds | | | 7.00 | % |
Selling Commissions for Class C units, as % of Class C gross offering proceeds | | | 3.00 | % |
Dealer Manager Fee for Class A and C units, as % of Class A and Class C gross offering proceeds | | | 2.75 | % |
Dealer Manager Fee for Class I units, as % of Class I gross offering proceeds | | | 1.75 | % |
Maximum Aggregate Sale Charge (Load), as % of gross offering proceeds | | | 10.00 | % |
| |
Maximum Reimbursement of Organization Expenses | | | 5.00 | % |
| |
Ongoing Annual Company Expenses | | | | |
| |
Annual Management Fee, as % of Gross Assets (2) | | | 2.00 | % |
Incentive Fees, as % of investment income and capital gains (5) | | | Ref (5) | % |
Other Operating Expenses (3) | | | 0.75 | % |
| |
Distribution Fee for Class C units (4) | | | 0.80 | % |
(1) | Your financial advisor or broker may independently charge additional fees for unitholder transactions or advisory services. Please consult your advisor’s materials for more information. |
(2) | Asset management fees are paid to our Advisor in exchange for fund management and administrative services. Our asset management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of gross assets, which consists of the net asset value plus borrowings, if any, and is payable quarterly in arrears. See “Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement — Fees.” Our net asset value is determined by our board of managers based on the input of our Advisor, our audit committee and one or more independent valuation firms, if engaged by our board of managers. For more information regarding the valuation process, see “Business — Valuations.” The Company may also be responsible for paying direct transaction-related expenses, including legal fees and other necessary professional services. |
(3) | Other Operating Expenses are projected to be 0.75% of gross proceeds if the maximum offering is achieved. We project our Operating Expenses to be approximately the same at 0.75% of the gross proceeds if we raise $750,000,000 and increase to 1.25% of the gross proceeds if we only raise $200,000,000. |
(4) | With respect to Class C units, we pay our dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. |
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(5) | The incentive fees, if any, are divided into two parts: |
| (i) | a subordinated incentive fee on income, which, at a maximum, for any quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% (7.5% annualized) of our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter, will equal 20% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income; and |
| (ii) | an incentive fee on capital gains that equals 20% of our capital gains, if any, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains. |
The incentive fees are based on our performance and are not be paid unless we achieve certain goals. We will record an expense accrual relating to the incentive fee on capital gains, payable by us to our Advisor (but not paid) when the unrealized gains on our investments exceed all realized capital losses on our investments given the fact that an incentive fee on capital gains would be owed to our investment advisor if we were to sell our investment portfolio at such time. As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed an incentive fee of 0% in this chart. Once fully invested, we expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater interest income or generate capital gains through our investments in portfolio companies. See “Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
COMPENSATION OF THE DEALER MANAGER AND OUR ADVISOR
Our Advisor and our dealer manager and their respective affiliates receive fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to this offering and the investment and management of our assets. The items of compensation that our Advisor, TriLinc Advisors LLC, and our dealer manager, SC Distributors, LLC, and their respective affiliates are entitled to receive are included in the following table. Selling commissions and dealer manager fees may vary for different categories of purchasers. This table assumes no discounts or waived fees or commissions.
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
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| | Fees to the Dealer Manager | | |
| | |
Selling Commission (1)(2)(3)(4) | | We pay the dealer manager sales commissions of up to 7.00% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class A units and up to 3.00% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class C units. All selling commissions are expected to be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers. We do not pay any selling commission with respect to Class I units. | | Actual amounts depend upon the number of units of each class purchased and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. The aggregate selling commissions will equal $87,500,000.00 if we sell the maximum offering, assuming that all units sold are Class A units, the maximum selling commission is paid for each primary offering unit, and no reallocation of units between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | |
Dealer Manager Fee (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) | | We pay the dealer manager a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class A and Class C units and up to 1.75% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class I units. A portion of the dealer manager fee may be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers. | | Actual amounts depend upon the number of Class I units purchased and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. The aggregate dealer manager fee will equal $34,375,000.00 if we sell the maximum offering, assuming that all units sold are Class A units and/or Class C units, the maximum dealer manager fee is paid for each primary offering unit, and no reallocation of units between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
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Distribution Fee (2)(6) | | With respect to our Class C units only, we pay the dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily in an amount equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. We will continue paying distribution fees with respect to Class C units sold in this offering until the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of the Class C units on a national securities exchange, (ii) following the completion of this offering, total underwriting compensation in this offering equaling 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering, or (iii) such Class C units no longer being outstanding. The dealer manager may reallow all or a portion of the distribution fee to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker dealers. The distribution fee is payable monthly in arrears. The distribution fee is payable with respect to all Class C units, including Class C units issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. We do not pay a distribution fee with respect to Class A and Class I units. | | Actual amounts depend upon the number of Class C units purchased and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. The distribution fee will equal $12,000,000.00 per annum if we sell the maximum offering, assuming all units sold are Class C units, that the net asset value per Class C units remains the same as the net asset value per Class C unit at the commencement of this offering and no reallocation of units between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
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| | | | |
Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | Reimbursement to our Advisor | | |
| | |
Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement (2)(4)(6) | | We reimburse our Advisor and its affiliates for the organizational and offering costs it has incurred on our behalf. If we sell the maximum offering, we anticipate that such expenses will equal approximately 1.25% of the gross proceeds raised by the Company. | | $18,750,000 |
| | |
Reimbursement of Operating Expenses | | We reimburse the expenses incurred by our Advisor and its affiliates directly or indirectly in connection with its provision of services to us, including impact monitoring service and other administrative services as well as for any acquisition expenses that are not reimbursed by the borrowers. We do not reimburse our Advisor or its affiliates for (i) rent or depreciation, capital equipment or other similar costs; (ii) salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and other similar items incurred or allocated to any controlling person of our Advisor, (iii) the salaries and benefits paid to our named executive officers or (iv) any services for which it receives a separate fee. | | As of December 31, 2015, reimbursable Operating Expenses totaled approximately $7.5 million, all of which had been assumed by the Sponsor pursuant to the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement. Future amounts are dependent upon expenses paid or incurred and therefore cannot be determined at the present time. |
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| | Advisor Fees | | |
| | |
Asset Management Fees (7)(8) | | The asset management fee is calculated at a quarterly rate of 0.50% of our gross assets (including amounts borrowed) and is payable quarterly in arrears. | | Actual amounts cannot be determined since they are based upon the average asset value held by us and on the amount of borrowings. |
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Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income (8)(9)(10) | | The subordinated incentive fee on income is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based upon our “pre-incentive fee net investment income” for the immediately preceding quarter, and is subordinated to a preferred return on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter | | These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the Company. The amount of subordinated incentive fee on income will be disclosed by the Company in its quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act. |
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| | | | |
Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | |
| | equal to 1.50% per quarter (an annualized rate of 6.00%). No subordinated incentive fee on income is earned in any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred quarterly return of 1.50%, or the preferred quarterly return, on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter. For any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive fee net investment income is greater than the preferred quarterly return, but less than 1.875%, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal the amount of pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the preferred quarterly return. This fee is referred to as the catch-up and provides an increasing fee, but is in no event greater than 20% of the pre-incentive fee net investment income, as the pre-incentive fee net investment income increases from a 1.50% to a 1.875% quarterly return on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter. For any calendar quarter in which the pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% of our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal 20% of pre-incentive fee net investment income. | | |
| | |
Incentive Fee on Capital Gains (10) | | An incentive fee on capital gains earned on our investments is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement) and equals 20% of our incentive fee capital gains, which equals our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis | | These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the Company. The amount of any incentive fee on capital gains earned on our investments will be disclosed by the Company in its quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act. |
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| | | | |
Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | |
| | from inception, calculated as of the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gains incentive fees. | | |
(1) | Unless otherwise indicated, assumes we sell the maximum of $1,250,000,000 in units in our primary offering and excludes the sale of any units under our distribution reinvestment plan, which may be used for repurchases or other purposes. |
(2) | The total compensation related to our organization and offering activities, which includes selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and organizational and offering expense reimbursement will not exceed 15.0% of the gross offering proceeds. |
(3) | The selling commission and/or dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through investment advisers or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries and sales to our affiliates. No selling commission or dealer manager fee is paid in connection with sales under our distribution reinvestment plan. In addition, we may reimburse our dealer manager for due diligence expenses included in detailed and itemized invoices. |
(4) | In accordance with the state blue sky guidelines, all front end fees, including dealer manager fees, sales commissions, reimbursement of organization and offering expenses and acquisition fees and expenses, if any, must be reasonable and cannot exceed 18.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering, regardless of the source of payment. |
(5) | In addition, out of its dealer manager fee, our dealer manager may reimburse participating broker dealers for distribution and marketing-related costs and expenses, such as costs associated with attending or sponsoring conferences, technology costs and other marketing costs and expenses. |
(6) | Organizational and offering expense reimbursement consists of costs incurred by TriLinc Advisors and its affiliates on our behalf for legal, accounting, printing and other offering expenses, including costs associated with technology integration between our systems and those of our participating broker-dealers, marketing expenses, salaries and direct expenses of TriLinc Advisors employees, employees of its affiliates and others while engaged in registering and marketing units, which shall include development of marketing and marketing presentations and training and educational meetings and generally coordinating the marketing process for us. We may reimburse our dealer manager for certain expenses that are deemed underwriting compensation. Assuming an aggregate selling commission and a dealer manager fee of 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (which assumes all offering proceeds come from Class A units), we would reimburse the dealer manager in an amount up to 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds. Because the aggregate selling commission and dealer manager fees will be less than 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (due to a portion of the offering proceeds coming from the sale of Class C and Class I units), we would reimburse the dealer manager for expenses in an amount greater than 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds, provided that we will not pay or reimburse any of the foregoing costs to the extent such payment would cause total underwriting compensation to exceed 10.0% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering as of the termination of the offering, as required by the rules of FINRA. Reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for technology costs associated with the offering, costs and expenses related to such technology costs, and costs and expenses associated with the facilitation of the marketing of units and ownership of units by such broker-dealers’ customers will be considered underwriting compensation. We pay a $25.00 fee per subscription agreement to Strategic Capital, an affiliate of our dealer manager, for reviewing and processing subscription agreements. Any such reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by TriLinc Advisors. |
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(7) | The asset management fee may or may not be taken in whole or in part at the discretion of our Advisor. All or any part of the asset management fee not taken as to any period shall be deferred without interest and may be taken in any other period prior to the occurrence of a liquidity event as our Advisor shall determine. |
(8) | A portion of these fees may be reallowed by our Advisor, directly or indirectly through its affiliates, to any sub-advisors. |
(9) | As the quarterly pre-incentive fee net investment income rises from 1.50% to 1.875%, the “catch-up” feature allows TriLinc Advisors to recoup the fees foregone as a result of the existence of the investor’s preferred quarterly return. |
(10) | A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee preferred return and may result in an increase in the amount of incentive fees payable to TriLinc Advisors. |
The table below provides information regarding the cumulative fees paid to our Sponsor and Advisor or its affiliates in connection with our operations and our public offering. It includes amounts incurred as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 as well as amounts payable as of December 31, 2015:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type and Recipient | | Incurred as of December 31, 2015 | | | Incurred as of December 31, 2014 | | | Unpaid as of December 31, 2015 | |
Selling Commissions — the Dealer Manager | | $ | 7,596,874 | | | $ | 2,182,971 | | | $ | — | |
Dealer Manager Fee — the Dealer Manager | | | 2,197,819 | | | | 823,518 | | | | — | |
Offering Costs (1) — the Sponsor | | | 7,822,366 | | | | 3,438,722 | | | | 472,057 | |
Asset Management Fee (2) — our Advisor | | | 2,894,415 | | | | 887,883 | | | | 875,281 | |
Incentive Fee (2) — our Advisor | | | 2,165,063 | | | | 588,168 | | | | 2,160,494 | |
(1) | Reimbursement of offering costs paid by our Sponsor on our behalf. |
(2) | The amounts of unpaid fees have been assumed by our Sponsor under the Amended and Restated Operating Expenses Responsibility Agreement. |
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RISK FACTORS
Before you invest in our units, you should be aware of various risks, including those described below. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, before you decide whether to make an investment in us. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face but do cover the material risks that may impact your investment in our units. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, our net asset value could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Relating to Investing in the Offering:
We have limited operating history and may be unable to successfully implement our investment strategy.
We were formed on April 30, 2012. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objectives and that the value of units could decline substantially. Our financial condition and results of operations will depend on many factors including the availability of investment opportunities, general economic and market conditions and the performance of our Advisor and sub-advisors.
The units sold in this offering will not be listed on an exchange for the foreseeable future, if ever. Therefore, if you purchase units in this offering, it will be difficult for you to sell your units and, if you are able to sell your units, you will likely sell them at a substantial discount.
The units offered by us are illiquid assets for which there is not expected to be any secondary market nor is it expected that any will develop in the future. Moreover, you should not rely on our unit repurchase program as a method to sell units promptly because our unit repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that limit your ability to sell your units to us, and our board of managers may amend, suspend or terminate our unit repurchase program at any time. In particular, the unit repurchase program provides that we may make repurchase offers only if you have held our units for a minimum of one year, we have sufficient funds available for repurchase and to the extent the total number of units for which repurchase is requested in any 12 month period does not exceed 5% of our weighted average number of outstanding units as of the same date in the prior 12 month period. See “Unit Repurchase Program” for a description of our unit repurchase program. Therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your units promptly or at all. If you are able to sell your units, you may only be able to sell them at a substantial discount from the price you paid. Investor suitability standards imposed by certain states may also make it more difficult to sell your units to someone in those states. The units should be purchased as a long-term investment only.
In the future, our board of managers may consider various forms of liquidity, each of which is referred to as a liquidity event, including, but not limited to:(1) dissolution and winding up distribution of our assets; (2) merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets; or (3) the listing of units on a national securities exchange. If we do not consummate a liquidity event within five years from August 25, 2016, we will be required to commence an orderly liquidation of the assets unless a majority of our board, including a majority of the independent managers, determines that liquidation is not in the best interests of our unitholders. Under such circumstances the commencement of an orderly liquidation will be postponed for one year. Further postponement of the liquidity event would only be permitted if a majority of our board, including a majority of independent managers, again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our unitholders and our board must make a determination in this manner during each successive year until a liquidity event has occurred. If we at any time choose to seek but then fail to obtain unitholder approval of our liquidation, our operating agreement would not require us to consummate a liquidity event or liquidate and would not require our board to revisit the issue of liquidation, and we could continue to operate as before.
We may be unable to liquidate all assets. After we adopt a plan of liquidation, we would likely remain in existence until all our investments are liquidated. If we do not pursue a liquidity transaction, or delay such a
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transaction due to market conditions, your units may continue to be illiquid and you may, for an indefinite period of time, be unable to convert your investment to cash easily and could suffer losses on your investment.
We established the initial offering prices for our classes of units on an arbitrary basis, and the offering price may not accurately reflect the value of our assets.
The initial prices of our units were established on an arbitrary basis and were not based on the amount or nature of our assets, the market value of our assets, or our book value. Even now that we have commenced quarterly valuations of our assets, the price of our units may not be indicative of the price at which such units would trade if they were listed on an exchange or actively traded by brokers nor of the proceeds that a unitholder would receive if we were liquidated or dissolved. In addition, our board of managers may determine the fair value of our assets based upon internal valuation assessments and not independent valuation assessments, which may be materially different. In addition, determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates, which may not be accurate or complete. Future offering prices will take into consideration other factors such as selling costs and organization and offering expenses so the offering price will not be the equivalent of the value of our assets.
Based on the Company’s net asset value of $138,620,607 as of December 31, 2015, our board of managers has determined that no change to the offering price of our units is required and, as of the date of this prospectus, we are continuing to sell our units at their original price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. Our net asset value and the offering prices would have decreased if the Sponsor had not made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750 in the quarters ended December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, respectively, or had not absorbed and deferred reimbursement for a substantial portion of our operating expenses since we began our operations.
Because this is a blind pool offering, other than existing investments, we have not identified what future investments we will make, which makes your investment more speculative.
Other than existing investments, we have not identified future investments for our portfolio and, thus, you will only be able to evaluate past and current investments prior to purchasing units. Additionally, our investments are selected by our sub-advisors and reviewed by our Advisor and our unitholders do not have input into such investment decisions, so you will have to rely entirely on the ability of our Advisor and sub-advisors to select suitable and successful investment opportunities. Both of these factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in units.
Since this is a “best-efforts” offering, there is neither any requirement, nor any assurance, that a certain offering amount will be raised.
This is a “best-efforts,” as opposed to a “firm commitment” offering. This means that the dealer manager is not obligated to purchase any units, but has only agreed to use its “best efforts” to sell the units to investors.
There is no requirement that any units above the minimum offering requirement be sold, and the Company has no way of knowing how many units above the minimum offering requirement will be sold.
As a general matter, at any point during the offering of units there can be no assurance that more units will be sold than have already been sold. Accordingly, investors purchasing such units should not assume that the number of units sold or gross offering proceeds received by us will be greater than the number of units sold or the gross offering proceeds received by us to that point in time. No investor should assume that we will sell the maximum offering made by this prospectus, or any other particular offering amount. As of March 31, 2016, we had raised gross proceeds of only approximately $189.4 million from the sale of approximately 19.7 million units of our limited liability company interest, including units issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.”
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Our success will be dependent on the performance of our Advisor; however, our Advisor has limited operating history and experience managing a public company, which may hinder our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
TriLinc Advisors was formed in April 2012 and has limited operating history. Furthermore, our Advisor had not previously acted as an advisor to a public company and has limited experience complying with regulatory requirements applicable to public companies. Our current management team has limited direct experience in impact lending. Our Advisor and its affiliates will be responsible for selecting the sub-advisors. Our current management team was not previously involved in the selection or supervision of sub-advisors who are private debt impact investors. Although our Advisor retains ultimate responsibility for the performance of services under the Advisory Agreement, it can delegate its responsibilities to one of its affiliates or a third party. If our Advisor or any of its affiliates fail to perform according to our expectations and in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, we could be materially adversely affected.
The offering prices may change on a quarterly basis and investors may not know the offering price when they submit their subscriptions.
The offering prices for our classes of units may change on a quarterly basis and investors will need to determine the price by checking our website atwww.trilincglobalimpactfund.com or reading a supplement to our prospectus. In addition, if there are issues processing your subscription, the offering price may change prior to the acceptance of your subscription.
Because the dealer manager is not an independent entity, you will not have the benefit of an independent review of the prospectus as customarily performed in underwritten offerings.
Strategic Capital has an equity interest in our Advisor and is affiliated with SC Distributors, our dealer manager and is not an independent entity. Accordingly, you must rely on your own broker-dealer to make an independent review of the terms of this offering. If your broker-dealer does not conduct such a review, you will not have the benefit of an independent review of the terms of this offering. Further, the due diligence investigation of us by the dealer manager cannot be considered to be an independent review and, therefore, may not be as meaningful as a review conducted by an unaffiliated broker-dealer or investment banker. Therefore, you will not have an independent review of our performance and the value of units relative to publicly traded companies.
Our dealer manager has limited experience in public offerings, which may affect the amount of funds it raises in this offering and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Our dealer manager, SC Distributors, LLC, was formed in March 2009 and has limited experience conducting public offerings. This lack of experience may affect the way in which our dealer manager conducts this offering. In addition, because this is a “best efforts” offering, we may not raise proceeds in this offering sufficient to meet our investment objectives. The success of this offering, and correspondingly our ability to implement our business strategy, is dependent upon the ability of our dealer manager to enter into selling agreements with a network of licensed participating brokers-dealers. If our dealer manager failed to perform for any reason, it could significantly impact the success of this offering and likewise, the success of our operations. There is no way to predict how many units will be sold and we may not be able to sell a sufficient number of units to allow us to have adequate funds to purchase a diversified portfolio of investments. As a result, we may be unable to achieve our investment objectives, and you could lose some or all of the value of your investment.
We may be unable to invest a significant portion of the net proceeds of this offering on acceptable terms in the timeframe contemplated by this prospectus.
Delays in investing the net proceeds of this offering may impair our performance. We may be unable to identify investment opportunities that meet our investment objectives or that the investments that we make will
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produce a positive return. We may be unable to invest the net proceeds of this offering on acceptable terms within the time period that we anticipate, which could harm our financial condition and operating results. As of December 31, 2015 we had approximately $33.2 million in cash which reduced our returns during the fourth quarter.
We may invest proceeds we receive from this offering in short-term, highly-liquid investments until we use such funds to invest in assets meeting our investment objectives. The income we earn on these temporary investments is not substantial. Further, we may use the principal amount of these investments, and any returns generated on these investments, to pay for fees and expenses in connection with this offering and distributions. Therefore, delays in investing proceeds we raise from this offering could impact our ability to generate cash flow for distributions.
Your interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional units, which could reduce the overall value of your investment.
Potential investors in this offering do not have preemptive rights to any units we issue in the future. After your purchase in this offering, our board of managers may elect to sell additional units in this or future public offerings or issue units or other types of securities, including more senior securities, in private offerings. To the extent we issue additional membership interests or other types of securities after your purchase in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional units sold in this offering and in any additional offerings and in the value of our investments, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of your units.
You will experience substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of your units equal to the offering costs associated with your units.
If you purchase units in this offering, you will incur immediate dilution, which will be substantial, equal to the costs of the offering associated with the sale of units. This means that the investors who purchase units will pay a price per unit that substantially exceeds the amount available with which to purchase assets and therefore, the value of these assets upon purchase. The costs of this offering are currently unknown and cannot be precisely estimated at this time.
Because of all the risks described in this section, investing in units may involve an above average degree of risk.
Because of all the risks described in this section, the investments we make in accordance with our investment objectives may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and volatility or loss of principal. Our investments may be highly risky and aggressive, and therefore, an investment in units may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.
There is a risk that you may not receive distributions or that our distributions may not grow over time or may be reduced.
We may not achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions. In addition, due to covenants and asset coverage tests, which may apply to us in the event we choose to employ financial leverage, we may be subject to restrictions on unitholder distributions.
In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement between us, our Advisor and our Sponsor, our Sponsor had absorbed and deferred reimbursement for a substantial portion of our operating expenses since we began our operations. As of December 31, 2015, the Sponsor has agreed to pay a cumulative total of approximately $7.5 million of operating expenses. If our Sponsor does not absorb our operating expenses, the distributions we pay to you may need to be reduced. Our Sponsor is
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under no obligation to continue to pay our operating expenses beyond December 31, 2015, and if our Sponsor chooses not continue to extend its obligations beyond that date, our distributions to you may be reduced.
We have paid and may continue to pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, which may result in us having less funds available for the investments, and your overall return may be reduced.
Our operating agreement permits us to make distributions from any source, including offering proceeds and, subject to certain limitations, borrowings, and we may choose to pay distributions when we do not have sufficient cash flow from operations to fund such distributions. We have not established a limit on the amount of proceeds we may use to fund distributions. Until the proceeds from this offering are fully invested and from time to time during our operational stage, we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund distributions. During the quarters ending December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, our Sponsor made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750, respectively, which were added to our cash flow from operations in order to cover the distributions made during those quarters. Our Sponsor is not required to make such capital contributions and there is no assurance that our Sponsor will provide any capital infusions in the future. If we fund distributions from borrowings or the net proceeds from this offering, we will have less funds available for the investments, and your overall return may be reduced.
If we internalize our management functions, we could incur adverse effects on our business and financial condition, including significant costs associated with becoming and being self-managed and the percentage of our units owned by our unitholders could be reduced.
If we seek to list our units on an exchange as a way of providing our unitholders with a liquidity event, we may consider internalizing the functions performed for us by our Advisor. An internalization could take many forms, for example, we may hire our own group of executives and other employees or we may acquire our Advisor or its respective assets including its existing workforce. Internalizing our management functions may not result in the anticipated benefits to us and our unitholders. For example, we may not realize the perceived benefits because of: (i) the costs of being self-managed; (ii) our inability to effectively integrate a new staff of managers and employees; or (iii) our inability to properly replicate the services provided previously by our Advisor or its affiliates. Additionally, internalization transactions have also, in some cases, been the subject of litigation and even if these claims are without merit, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to make investments or to pay distributions. In connection with any such internalization transaction, a special committee consisting of all or some of our independent managers will be appointed to evaluate the transaction and to determine whether a fairness opinion should be obtained.
Our success will be dependent on the performance of our sub-advisors.
Our Advisor employs sub-advisors in its execution of the investment strategy, some of whom may not be identified at the time you make your investments. Sub-advisors are responsible for locating, performing due diligence and closing on suitable acquisitions based on their access to local markets, local market knowledge for quality deal flow and extensive local private credit experience. However, because the sub-advisors are separate companies from our Advisor, the risk exists that our sub-advisors will be ineffective or materially underperform. In addition, the Sub-Advisory Agreements with the sub-advisors can only be terminated under specific circumstances and they don’t automatically terminate upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement.
We may be unable to find suitable investments through our sub-advisors. Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions will be dependent upon the performance of our local sub-advisors in the identification, performance of due diligence on and acquisition of investments, the determination of any financing arrangements, and the management of our projects and assets. If our sub-advisors fail to perform according to our expectations, or if the due diligence conducted by the sub-advisors fails to reveal all material risks of the businesses of our target investments, we could be materially adversely affected.
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Our sub-advisors’ failure to identify and make investments that meet our investment criteria or perform their responsibilities under the Sub-Advisory Agreements may adversely affect our ability to realize our investment objectives.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives will depend, in part, on our sub-advisors’ ability to identify and invest in debt and equity instruments that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis will, in part, be a function of our sub-advisors’ execution of the investment process, their capacity to provide competent and efficient services to us, and, their ability to source attractive investments. Our sub-advisors have substantial responsibilities under the Sub-Advisory Agreements. Any failure to manage the investment process effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have paid and will continue to pay substantial compensation to our Advisor, our dealer manager and their respective affiliates, which may be increased during the terms of this offering or future offerings by our independent managers. The fees we pay in connection with this offering and the agreements entered into with our Advisor and our dealer manager were not determined on an arm’s-length basis and therefore may not be on the same terms we could achieve from a third party.
As of December 31, 2015, we have paid fees totaling $5,059,478 to our Advisor or its affiliates and $9,794,694 to our dealer manager or its affiliates. The compensation paid to our Advisor, our dealer manager and their respective affiliates for services they provide us pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and the Dealer Manager Agreement was not determined on an arm’s-length basis. A third party unaffiliated with us may be willing and able to provide certain services to us at a lower price.
In addition, subject to limitations in our operating agreement, the fees, compensation, income, expense reimbursements, interests and other payments payable to our Advisor, our dealer manager and their respective affiliates may increase during this offering or in the future from those described in “Compensation of the Dealer Manager and Our Advisor” of our prospectus, if such increase is approved by a majority of our independent managers.
We do not, and do not expect to, have research analysts reviewing our performance.
We do not, and do not expect to, have research analysts reviewing our performance or our securities on an ongoing basis. Therefore, you will not have an independent review of our performance and the value of our units relative to publicly traded companies.
We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our units less attractive to investors.
Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates. As of December 31, 2015, there are no new or revised accounting standards that we have not adopted.
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Risks Relating to our Business and Structure:
General
The lack of liquidity of our privately held investments may adversely affect our business.
Most of our investments consists of and will continue to consist of loans and other fixed income instruments either originated in private transactions directly from borrowers or via participating agreements with direct lenders and the borrower. Investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, including, in some instances, legal restrictions, or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to quickly obtain cash equal to the value at which we record our investments if the need arises. This could cause us to miss important business opportunities. In addition, if we are required to quickly liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded our investments. In addition, we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a public company to the extent that the Company, its Advisor, or respective officers, employees or affiliates have material non-public information regarding such company.
We may not raise sufficient capital to sustain our operations or the operations of our Sponsor and Advisor
Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement, our Sponsor has absorbed and deferred reimbursement for a substantial portion of our operating expenses since we began our operations. As of December 31, 2015, the Sponsor has agreed to pay a cumulative total of approximately $7.5 million of operating expenses. If we fail to raise sufficient capital in this offering, our Sponsor and Advisor may not attain profitability and may not have sufficient liquidity to continue to support our operations. As of March 31, 2016, we had raised gross proceeds of only approximately $189.4 million in this offering. The lack of financial support from the Sponsor and Advisor would significantly impair our ability to make investments or to make distributions.
When we are a debt or minority equity investor in a portfolio company, which is generally the case, we may not be in a position to control the entity, and its management may make decisions that could decrease the value of our investment.
Most of our investments have been and will continue to be either debt or minority equity investments in our portfolio companies. Therefore, we are subject to risk that a portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree, and the management of such company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our best interests. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our portfolio holdings. In addition, we are generally not in a position to control any portfolio company by investing in its debt securities.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities.
A large number of entities compete with us and make the types of investments that we seek to make in small and medium-sized privately owned businesses. We compete with a large number of commercial banks, non-bank financial institutions, private equity funds, leveraged buyout and venture capital funds, investment banks and other equity and non-equity based investment funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, certain of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships and build their market shares. The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, or to identify and make investments that satisfy our investment objectives or that we will be able to fully invest our available capital.
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An investment strategy focused primarily on privately held companies presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies, a dependence on the talents and efforts of only a few key borrower personnel and a greater vulnerability to economic downturns.
We invest primarily in privately held companies. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and we are and will be required to rely on the ability of our Advisor and sub-advisors’ investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investments made in, with or through these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments.
We may not realize gains from equity instruments granted as return enhancement vehicles when we acquire certain debt instruments.
When we invest in collateralized or senior secured loans, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities as well. Our goal is to ultimately dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Actions of our investment partners could negatively impact our performance.
We have participated in and may continue to participate in investments with third parties. Such participations may involve risks not otherwise present with a direct origination of loans, including, for example:
| • | | The possibility that our partner in an investment might become bankrupt or otherwise be unable to meet its obligations; |
| • | | The risk that such partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are or which become inconsistent with our business interests or goals; |
| • | | The risk that such partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or |
| • | | The risk that actions by such partner could adversely affect our reputation, negatively impacting our ability to conduct business. |
Actions by such an investment partner, which are generally out of our control, might have the result of subjecting the investment to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and may have the effect of reducing your returns, particularly if the loan agreement provides that our partner can take actions contrary to our interests. As of December 31, 2015, 94.6% of our investment portfolio consisted of participations in loans.
Economic slowdowns or recessions could impair our borrowers and harm our operating results.
Our borrowers may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay our loans during these periods. Therefore, our non-performing assets are likely to increase and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders to not extend credit to us. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
A borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize our borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under the
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investment instruments that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting borrower. In addition, if one of our borrowers were to go bankrupt, even though we may have structured our interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that borrower, a bankruptcy court might re-characterize our debt holding and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors.
Our borrowers may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt instruments in which we invest.
Our borrowers may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt instruments in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a borrower, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that borrower would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution with respect to our investment. After repaying such senior creditors, such borrower may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with that of our debt instruments, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant borrower. In addition, we may not be in a position to control any borrower through the loans we make. As a result, we are subject to the risk that any borrower in which we invest may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors.
Specific portfolio concentration limits that limit the size of each investment we make do not apply until we have completed our offering and are fully invested. Until such time, if we have an investment that represents a material percentage of our assets and that investment experiences a loss, the value of unitholders’ investment in us could be significantly diminished.
We are not limited in the size of any single investment we may make until we have completed our offering and are fully invested and certain investments may represent a significant percentage of our assets until such time. Any such investment may carry the risk associated with a significant asset concentration. As of December 31, 2015, our largest loan by value was $12,862,666 or 9.3% of our net assets or 12.7% of our total portfolio. Our 5 largest loans by value comprised 46.9% of our portfolio at December 31, 2015. Should these investments, or any other investment representing a material percentage of our assets, experience a loss on all or a portion of the investment, we could experience a material adverse effect, which would result in the value of unitholders’ investment in us being diminished.
We may engage in hedging activity, which could expose us to risks associated with such transactions, including the risk that we may artificially limit the investment income realized by the Company on certain investments.
As of December 31, 2015, we had not engaged in any hedging transactions. If we engage in hedging transactions, we may expose ourselves to risks associated with such transactions. We may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates and market interest rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline. However, such hedging can establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the portfolio positions should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation for any given investment at an acceptable price.
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The success of our hedging transactions will depend on our ability to correctly predict movements, currencies and interest rates. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged may vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those investments is likely to fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.
Our business plan may require external financing which may expose us to risks associated with leverage.
In order to achieve our investment objectives, we expect to utilize financial leverage. As of the date of this prospectus, we had not utilized any financial leverage. We may borrow money in order to make investments, for working capital and to make distributions to our unitholders. Under current or future market conditions, we may not be able to borrow all of the funds we may need. If we cannot obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire new investments to expand our operations will be adversely affected. As a result, we would be less able to achieve our investment objectives, which may negatively impact our results of operations and reduce our ability to make distributions to our unitholders. Furthermore, borrowing money for investments increases the risk of a loss. A decrease in the value of our investments will have a greater impact on the value of units to the extent that we have borrowed money to make investments. There is a possibility that the costs of borrowing could exceed the income we receive on the investments we make with such borrowed funds. Accordingly, we are subject to the risks that our cash flow will not be sufficient to cover the required debt service payments and that we will be unable to meet the other covenants or requirements of the credit agreements. In addition, our ability to pay distributions or incur additional indebtedness may be restricted by our credit agreements. If the value of our assets declines, we may be required to liquidate a portion or our entire investment portfolio and repay a portion or all of our indebtedness at a time when liquidation may be disadvantageous. Furthermore, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness is not available for distributions to our unitholders. As of December 31, 2015, we had no debt outstanding.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to enter into restrictive covenants that relate to or otherwise limit our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our unitholders, to replace the Advisor or to otherwise achieve our investment objectives.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Financing documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to make distributions under certain circumstances. In addition, provisions of our financing documents may deter us from replacing the Advisor because of the consequences under such agreements. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to use and pledge offering proceeds to secure and repay such borrowings, and such arrangements may adversely affect our ability to make investments and operate our business.
We may enter into financing arrangements that require us to use and pledge future proceeds from this offering or future offerings, if any, to secure and repay such borrowings. Such arrangements may cause us to have less proceeds available to make investments or otherwise operate our business, which may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
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We may enter into financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations, which may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
Some of our financing arrangements may require us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment at maturity will be uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain additional financing. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original financing. The effect of a refinancing could affect the rate of return to our unitholders. In addition, payments of principal and interest made to service our debts, including balloon payments, may reduce our ability to make distributions to our unitholders.
A change in interest rates may adversely affect our profitability and our hedging strategy may expose us to additional risks.
We may use a combination of equity and long-term and short-term borrowings denominated in one or more currencies to finance our lending activities. If we utilize borrowings, a portion of our income will depend upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we loan these funds. Certain of our borrowings may be at fixed rates and others at variable rates. In connection with any borrowings, we may decide to enter into interest rate hedging interests. Hedging activities may limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results. An increase in interest rates would decrease the value of our investments were we seeking to liquidate our portfolio.
Our investments may be long term and may require several years to realize liquidation events.
When fully invested, we anticipate maintaining an average portfolio duration in excess of two years with regard to our debt investments. As a result, you should not expect liquidity, if any, to occur over the near term. In addition, we expect that any warrants or other return enhancements that we receive when we make loans may require several years to appreciate in value and may not appreciate at all.
Prepayments by our borrowers could adversely impact our operating results, reducing total income and increasing the number of investments the Company will have to execute.
We are also subject to the risk that investments that we make may be repaid prior to scheduled maturity. In such an event, we will generally use proceeds from prepayments first to repay any borrowings outstanding on our line of credit, if we have any outstanding. In the event that funds remain after repayment of our outstanding borrowings, we will generally reinvest these proceeds in short-term securities, pending their future investment in new investment instruments. These short-term securities will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt securities being prepaid and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. As a result, our operating results could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our borrowers elects to prepay amounts owed to us.
Non-payment by our borrowers would prevent us from realizing expected income and could result in the decrease in our net asset value.
All of our fixed-income investments are subject to the risk that a borrower will fail to repay a portion or all of periodically scheduled interest and/or principal and, as of March 31, 2016, we had 3 borrowers who had failed to make repayments of principal and interest in the amount of approximately $3.38 million. One of these borrower has also been placed on non-accrual status. When this occurs, we may fail to realize expected income, possibly resulting in a write-down of the value of under-performing loans as well as our net asset value.
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We have allocated and will likely continue to allocate substantially all of our fixed-income investment capital to unrated instruments, which may be viewed as highly speculative.
We have allocated and will likely continue to allocate substantially all of our fixed-income investment capital to unrated instruments. Such instruments may be viewed as highly speculative and the recovery of projected interest and principal payments is reliant on our Advisor’s and sub-advisors’ ability to accurately underwrite and manage our investments.
Terrorist attacks, acts of war or national disasters may affect any market for units, impact the businesses in which we invest, and harm our business, operating results and financial conditions.
Terrorist acts, acts of war or national disasters have created, and continue to create, economic and political uncertainties and have contributed to global economic instability. Future terrorist activities, civil war, military or security operations, or national disasters could further weaken the domestic/global economies and create additional uncertainties in the regions in which we may invest, which may negatively impact the businesses in which we invest directly or indirectly and, in turn, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Losses from terrorist attacks and national disasters are generally uninsurable.
The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cyber security, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information resources. More specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that can include gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, or steal confidential information. As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal and those we have outsourced. Our three primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a cyber incident include operational interruption, damage to our relationship with our borrowers, and private data exposure.
Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Small and medium-sized businesses may have limited financial resources and may not be able to repay the loans we make to them.
Our strategy includes providing financing to borrowers that typically is not readily available to them. This may make it difficult for the borrowers to repay their loans to us. A borrower’s ability to repay its loan may be adversely affected by numerous factors, including the failure to meet its business plan, a downturn in its industry or negative economic conditions. A deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and prospects will usually be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing on any guarantees we may have obtained from the borrower’s management. We may at times be subordinated to a senior lender, and, in such situations, our interest in any collateral would likely be subordinate to another lender’s security interest.
Small and medium-sized businesses typically have narrower product offerings and smaller market shares than large businesses.
Because our target borrowers are smaller businesses, they tend to be more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. In addition, borrowers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing and other capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.
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Small and medium-sized businesses generally have less predictable operating results.
We expect that our borrowers may have significant variations in their operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position, may otherwise have a weak financial position or may be adversely affected by changes in the business cycle. Our borrowers may not meet net income, cash flow and other coverage tests typically imposed by their senior lenders. A borrower’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by senior lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, foreclosure on its senior credit facility, which could additionally trigger cross-defaults in other agreements. If this were to occur, it is possible that the borrower’s ability to repay our loan would be jeopardized.
Small and medium-sized businesses are more likely to be dependent on one or two persons.
Typically, the success of a small or medium-sized business depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons. The death, disability or resignation of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our borrower and, in turn, on us.
Small and medium-sized businesses are likely to have greater exposure to economic downturns than larger businesses.
We expect that our borrowers will have fewer resources than larger businesses and an economic downturn is more likely to have a material adverse effect on them. If one of our borrowers is adversely impacted by an economic downturn, its ability to repay our loan would be diminished.
Small and medium-sized businesses may have limited operating histories.
Borrowers with limited operating histories will be exposed to all of the operating risks that new businesses face and may be particularly susceptible to, among other risks, market downturns, competitive pressures and the departure of key executive officers.
Lack of minimum requirements when lending to small and medium-sized businesses could increase the risk of default.
Although our investment strategy is focused on small and medium-sized businesses meeting certain underwriting criteria, we are not required to invest only in businesses meeting certain minimum asset size, revenue size or profitability standards and the lack of these minimum requirements could create additional risks with respect to our investments, including the risk of default.
Non-U.S. Investments
Our investments in foreign debt and equity instruments may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.
Our investment strategy contemplates investing primarily in debt and equity instruments issued by foreign companies. During 2015 and 2014, we have made loans to companies in Indonesia, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nigeria, Singapore, South Africa, Namibia, Zambia, Tanzania and Kenya. Investing in foreign companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, hyper-inflation, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
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Non-U.S. investments involve certain legal, geopolitical, investment, repatriation, and transparency risks not typically associated with investing in the U.S.
| • | | Legal Risk: The legal framework of certain developing countries is rapidly evolving and it is not possible to accurately predict the content or implications of changes in their statutes or regulations. Existing legal frameworks may be unfairly or unevenly enforced, and courts may decline to enforce legal protections covering our investments altogether. The cost and difficulties of litigation in these countries may make enforcement of our rights impractical or impossible. Adverse regulation or legislation may be introduced at any time without prior warning or consultation. |
| • | | Geopolitical Risk: Given that we invest in developing economies, there is a possibility of nationalization, expropriation, unfavorable regulation, economic, political, or social instability, war, or terrorism which could adversely affect the economies of a given jurisdiction or lead to a material adverse change in the value of our investments in such jurisdiction. |
| • | | Investment & Repatriation Risks: Significant time and/or financial resources may be required to obtain necessary government approval for us to invest under certain circumstances. In addition, we may invest in jurisdictions that become subject to investment restrictions as a result of economic or other sanctions after the time of our investment. Under such circumstances, we may be required to divest of certain investments at a loss. |
| • | | Transparency Risks: Disclosure, accounting, and financial standards in developing economies vary widely and may not be equivalent to those of developed countries. Although our Advisor will use its best efforts to verify information supplied to it and will engage qualified sub-advisors when appropriate, our investments may still be adversely affected by such risks. |
A portion of our investments are likely to be denominated in foreign currencies, and we may be exposed to fluctuation in currency exchange rates, which could result in losses.
As of March 31, 2016, all of our loans are denominated in U.S. dollars. In the future, some of our investments are likely to be denominated in a foreign currency and will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and political developments. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but effective hedging instruments may not be available in all cases, or may not be available at economically-feasible pricing or that hedging strategies, or may not be effective.
Fluctuation in currency exchange rates may negatively affect our borrowers’ ability to pay U.S. dollars denominated loans
For investment denominated in U.S. dollars, if the U.S. dollar rises, it may become more difficult for borrowers to make loan payments if the borrowers are operating in markets where the local currencies are depreciating relative the U.S. dollar.
Risks Related to Potential Conflicts of Interest:
We are dependent upon our key management personnel and the key management personnel of our Advisor, who will face conflicts of interest relating to time management, and on the continued operations of our Advisor, for our future success.
We have no employees. Our executive officers and the officers and employees of our Advisor and its affiliates may hold similar positions in other affiliated entities and they may from time to time allocate more of their time to service the needs of such entities than they allocate to servicing our needs. We encourage you to read the “Conflicts of Interest” section of this prospectus for a further discussion of this topic.
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In addition, we have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on our Advisor, which has significant discretion as to the implementation and execution of our business strategies and risk management practices. We are subject to the risk of discontinuation of our Advisor’s operations or termination of the Advisory Agreement and the risk that, upon such event, no suitable replacement will be found. We believe that our success depends to a significant extent upon our Advisor and that discontinuation of its operations could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We may compete with other Sponsor affiliated entities for opportunities to originate or participate in investments, which may have an adverse impact on our operations.
We may compete with other Sponsor affiliated entities, and with other entities that Sponsor affiliated entities may advise or own interests in, whether existing or created in the future, for opportunities to originate or participate in impact investments. Our Advisor may face conflicts of interest when evaluating investment opportunities for us and other owned and/or managed by Sponsor affiliated entities and these conflicts of interest may have a negative impact on us.
Sponsor affiliated entities may have, and additional entities (including those that may be advised by Sponsor affiliated entities or in which Sponsor affiliated entities own interests) may be given, priority over us with respect to the acquisition of certain types of investments. As a result of our potential competition with these entities, certain investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us may not in fact be available.
There are significant potential conflicts of interest, which could impact our investment returns.
In the course of our investing activities, we have paid and will continue to pay management and incentive fees to our Advisor and have reimbursed and will continue to reimburse our Advisor for certain administrative expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. As a result, our investors invest on a “gross” basis and receive distributions on a “net” basis after expenses, resulting in, among other things, a lower rate of return than one might achieve by making direct investments. As a result of this arrangement, there may be times when the management team of our Advisor has interests that differ from those of our unitholders, giving rise to a conflict. For example, our Advisor has incentives to recommend that we make investments using borrowings since the asset management fees that we pay to our Advisor will increase if we use borrowings in connection with our investments.
Our subordinated incentive fee may induce our Advisor to make certain investments, including speculative investments.
The management compensation structure that has been implemented under the Advisory Agreement, with our Advisor may cause our Advisor to invest in higher-risk investments or take other risks. In addition to its asset management fee, our Advisor is entitled under the Advisory Agreement to receive subordinated incentive compensation based in part upon our achievement of specified levels of net cash flows.
The incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor may create an incentive for our Advisor to make investments on our behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee payable from operations, sales or other sources is determined, which is calculated as a percentage of our net cash flows, may encourage our Advisor to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor our unitholders, including investors in this offering.
In evaluating investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to earn subordinated incentive compensation may lead our Advisor to place undue emphasis on the maximization of investment income at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, maintaining sufficient liquidity, or management of credit risk or market risk, in order to achieve higher subordinated incentive compensation. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our investment portfolio.
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Risks Related to Tax Matters:
Certain federal income tax considerations applicable to this offering are summarized in the “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” section of this prospectus. This discussion under “Risks related to Tax Matters” and the discussion in the “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” section of this prospectus do not take into account any prospective investor’s particular financial or tax situation and assume an investor is sophisticated in tax matters or has retained its own tax advisors regarding possible federal, state and local tax consequences of an investment in us. Each unitholder should consult with his or her tax advisors concerning the federal, state and local tax consequences arising from its investment in the Company and should review this discussion and the discussion contained in the “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” section of this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of federal income tax considerations.
Tax Treatment as a Partnership
We intend to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation, provided that we are treated as a partnership for tax purposes, our unitholders will generally be subject to tax on their allocable share of our income, whether or not it is distributed in cash. Although we previously received an opinion from Greenberg Traurig LLP, dated February 25, 2013, to the effect that we will be treated as a partnership (and not as a publicly traded partnership) for federal income tax purposes, we will not seek a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, on the tax treatment of us or our units. Counsel’s opinion represents only its best legal judgment based upon existing law and, among other things, factual representations and undertakings provided by our managers. The opinion of counsel has no binding effect on the IRS or any court, and the conclusions reached in said opinion may not be sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS.
If we were taxable as a corporation, the “pass through” treatment of our income and losses would be lost. Instead, we would, among other things, pay income tax on our earnings in the same manner and at the same rate as a corporation, and our losses, if any, would not be deductible by our unitholders. Unitholders would be taxed upon distributions substantially in the manner that corporate shareholders are taxed on dividends.
Taxable Income in Excess of Cash Available for Distribution
For federal income tax purposes, we (and therefore indirectly, our unitholders) include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount, which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan or possibly in other circumstances, or contracted payment-in-kind interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such original issue discount, which could be significant relative to our overall investment activities, or increases in loan balances as a result of contracted payment-in-kind arrangements, will be included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We may also be required to include in income certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash. If a borrower defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously reported as investment income will become uncollectible.
Since in certain cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty paying investor distributions without resorting, in part or in whole, to borrowings or other sources of capital.
As discussed above, the payment of the distribution fee over time with respect to the Class C units will be deemed to be paid from cash distributions that would otherwise be distributable to the Class C unitholders. Accordingly, the holders of Class C units will receive a lower cash distribution to the extent of such Class C unitholder’s obligation to pay such fees. Because the payment of such fees is not a deductible expense for tax purposes, the taxable income of the Company allocable to the Class C unitholders may, therefore, exceed the amount of cash distributions made to the Class C unitholders.
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Risk of Audit and Adjustments
The IRS could challenge certain federal income tax positions taken by us if we are audited. Any adjustment to our return resulting from an audit by the IRS would result in adjustments to your tax returns and might result in an examination of items in such returns unrelated to your investment in the units or an examination of tax returns for prior or later years. Moreover, we and our unitholders could incur substantial legal and accounting costs in contesting any IRS challenge, regardless of the outcome. Our management generally will have the authority and power to act for, and bind the Company in connection with, any such audit or administrative or judicial proceedings in connection therewith.
No Rulings
We have not sought and do not intend to seek rulings from the IRS with respect to any of the federal income tax considerations discussed in this prospectus. Thus, positions to be taken by the IRS as to tax consequences could differ from positions taken by us.
Unrelated Business Taxable Income
Tax-exempt investors (such as an employee pension benefit plan or an IRA) may recognize unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, from investments that are made by us. We expect to borrow funds on a limited basis, which can lead to the generation of UBTI. We may also receive income from services rendered in connection with making loans, which is likely to constitute UBTI. We may acquire investments that generate UBTI and we will not be liable for the recognition of any UBTI with respect to an investment in the Company, and potential investors can expect some or all of their profits from the Company to be UBTI. Each unitholder should consult with its own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign tax considerations applicable to an investment in the Company.
Possible Legislative or Other Developments
All statements contained in this prospectus concerning the federal income tax consequence of any investment in the Company are based upon existing law and the interpretations thereof. The currently anticipated income tax treatment of an investment in the Company may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative changes, possibly with retroactive effect, to the detriment of our unitholders.
Reportable Transactions
Under regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, the activities of the Company may create one or more “reportable transactions,” requiring the Company and each unitholder, respectively, to file information returns with the IRS. We give notice to all unitholders of any reportable transaction of which it becomes aware in the annual tax information provided to unitholders to enable them to file their tax returns. Unitholders should consult with their own advisors concerning the application of these reporting obligations and any similar state and local tax reporting requirements to their specific situations.
Filings and Information Returns
We use reasonable commercial efforts to cause all tax filings to be made in a timely manner (taking permitted extensions into account); however, investment in the Company may require unitholders to file tax return extensions. Unitholders may have to file one or more tax filing extensions if the Company does not deliver Schedule K-1 by the due date of the unitholders’ returns. Although our management has caused and will continue to attempt to cause the Company to provide unitholders with estimated annual federal tax information prior to March 15th as long as the Company’s taxable year is the calendar year, the Company may not obtain annual federal tax information from all borrowers by such date and tax return extensions may be required to be filed by unitholders. Moreover, although estimates have been and will continue to be provided to the unitholders by the
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Company in good faith based on the information obtained from the borrowers, such estimates may be different from the actual final tax information and such differences could be significant, resulting in interest and penalties to the unitholders due to underpayment of taxes or loss of use of funds for an extended period of time due to overpayment of taxes. Furthermore, the Company’s activities may require unitholders to file in multiple jurisdictions if composite state returns are not filed by the Company. We have the right, but not the obligation, to file composite state tax returns for the benefit of unitholders that elect to participate in the filing of such returns.
Avoiding Publicly Traded Partnership Status
No transfer of an interest may be made if it would result in the Company being treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under the Code. We may, without the consent of any unitholder, amend our operating agreement, or terminate or amend our unit repurchase program, in order to improve, upon advice of counsel, the Company’s position in avoiding such publicly traded partnership status for the Company (and we may impose time-delay and other restrictions on recognizing transfers as necessary to do so). Furthermore, we, upon advice of counsel, may restructure the Company (including the creation or liquidation of subsidiary entities) and/or enter into any agreements it deems necessary, without the prior approval of the unitholders if such activities are reasonable determined by us, in its sole discretion, to avoid the Company being characterized as a publicly traded partnership under the Code that is taxable as a corporation.
Foreign Income Taxes
We conduct our activities in foreign jurisdictions and, in conjunction therewith, we have formed four subsidiaries to conduct such activities and we may form additional subsidiaries. The conduct of activities in foreign jurisdictions (whether or not foreign subsidiaries are formed to conduct such activities) may result in the Company or its subsidiaries being subject to tax in such foreign jurisdictions. Taxes paid by the Company in such foreign jurisdictions will reduce the cash available for distribution to the unitholders. However, because we are taxable as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain foreign income taxes paid by the Company may generate a foreign tax credit that could be allocated to each unitholder, thereby reducing, potentially, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the tax liability of such unitholder. The U.S. federal income tax treatment and reporting of foreign tax credits is complex and unitholders are urged to consult their tax advisor with respect to such items.
Effectively Connected Income, FIRPTA, and State Tax Withholding
We may generate income that is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business, and, if so, a foreign unitholder will generally be required to file an annual U.S. federal income tax return. A 35% federal withholding tax generally will be imposed on a foreign unitholder’s allocable share of such effectively connected income (whether or not such income is distributed). There also may be state or local tax withholding. Foreign investors could also be subject to the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended, which generally treats any gain or loss of a foreign person that is realized in connection with the (actual or constructive) disposition of a “U.S. real property interest” as gain or loss effectively connected with a trade or business engaged in by the taxpayer in the U.S. Unitholders that are non-U.S. corporations also should be aware that a 30% U.S. “branch profits tax” will generally apply to an investment in the Company by foreign unitholders that are corporations to the extent that they derive effectively connected income. Foreign investors should also be aware that the Company is being formed as a limited liability company that may not be treated the same as a limited partnership for purposes of certain foreign tax laws that may apply to foreign investors. Foreign investors should consult with their tax advisors regarding these issues. See also, “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Special Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors” below.
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Risks related to the Investment Company Act:
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act and, therefore, we will not be subject to the requirements imposed on a registered investment company by the Investment Company Act, which may limit or otherwise affect our investment choices.
The Company and our subsidiaries intend to conduct our businesses so that none of such entities are required to register as “investment companies” under the Investment Company Act. Although we could modify our business methods at any time, at the present time we expect that the focus of our activities will involve investments in fixed-income assets and other loans of the nature described in this prospectus.
Companies subject to the Investment Company Act are required to comply with a variety of substantive requirements including, but not limited to:
| • | | limitations on the capital structure of the entity; |
| • | | restrictions on certain investments; |
| • | | prohibitions on transactions and restrictions on fees with affiliated entities; and |
| • | | public reporting disclosures, record keeping, voting procedures, proxy disclosures, board operations and similar corporate governance rules and regulations. |
These and other requirements are intended to provide benefits and/or protections to security holders of investment companies. Because we and our subsidiaries do not expect to be subject to these requirements, you will not be entitled to these benefits or protections. It is our policy to operate in a manner that will not require us to register as an investment company, and we do not expect or intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
Whether a company is or is required to register as an investment company can involve analysis of complex laws, regulations and SEC staff interpretations. We intend to conduct the Company’s operations so as not to become subject to regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. So long as the Company conducts its businesses directly and through its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries that are not investment companies and none of the Company and the wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing in securities, the Company should not have to register. The securities issued by any subsidiary that is excepted from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other “investment securities” (as used in the Investment Company Act) its parent may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of the parent entity’s total assets on an unconsolidated basis (which we refer to as the 40% test). In other words, even if some interests in other entities were deemed to be investment securities, so long as such investment securities do not comprise more than 40% of an entity’s assets, the entity will not be required to register as an investment company. If an entity held investment securities and the value of these securities exceeded 40% of the value of its total assets, and no other exemption from registration was available, then that entity might be required to register as an investment company.
We do not expect that we or any of our majority- or wholly-owned subsidiaries will be an investment company, and in particular, we will seek to assure that holdings of investment securities by the Company will not exceed 40% of the Company’s total assets as calculated under the Investment Company Act. In order to operate in compliance with that standard, we may be required to conduct our business in a manner that takes account of these provisions. In order for us to so comply, we or a subsidiary could be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell or we may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the 40% test. In addition, we may also have to forgo opportunities to acquire certain assets or interests in companies or entities that we would otherwise want to acquire, or acquire assets we might otherwise not select for purchase, if we deem it necessary to remain in compliance with the 40% test. For example, these restrictions may limit our ability to invest directly in certain types of assets, such as in securities that represent less than 50% of the voting securities (as used in the Investment Company Act) of the issuer thereof.
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If the Company or any subsidiary owns assets that qualify as “investment securities” as such term is defined under the Investment Company Act and the value of such assets exceeds 40% of the value of its total assets, the entity could be deemed to be an investment company. In that case the entity would have to qualify for an exemption from registration as an investment company in order to operate without registering as an investment company. Certain of the subsidiaries that we may form in the future could seek to rely upon one of the exemptions from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(A) and/or Section 3(c)(5)(B) of the Investment Company Act. The exemption pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(A) is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring notes, drafts, acceptances, open accounts receivable, and other obligations representing part or all of the sales price of merchandise, insurance, and services” (which we refer to as the 3(c)(5)(A) exemption), while the exemption pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(B) is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of making loans to manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers of, and to prospective purchasers of, specified merchandise, insurance, and services” (which we refer to as the 3(c)(5)(B) exemption). Each of the 3(c)(5)(A) exemption and the 3(c)(5)(B) exemption generally requires that at least 55% of the assets of a subsidiary relying on such exemption be invested in eligible loans and receivables. To qualify for either of the foregoing exemptions, the subsidiary would be required to comply with interpretations issued by the staff of the SEC that govern the respective activities.
In addition to the exception discussed above, we and/or our subsidiaries may rely upon other exceptions and exemptions, including the exemptions provided by Section 3(c)(6) of the Investment Company Act (which exempts, among other things, parent entities whose primary business is conducted through majority-owned subsidiaries relying upon the 3(c)(5)(A) exemption and/or the 3(c)(5)(B) exemption discussed above) from the definition of an investment company and the registration requirements under the Investment Company Act.
The laws and regulations governing the Investment Company Act status of entities like the Company and our subsidiaries, including actions by the Division of Investment Management of the SEC providing more specific or different guidance regarding these exemptions, may change in a manner that adversely affects our operations. To the extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the exceptions discussed above or other exemptions from the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act upon which we may rely, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.
If the Company or any of our subsidiaries is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, the additional expenses and operational limitations associated with such registration may reduce your investment return or impair our ability to conduct our business as planned.
If we become an investment company or are otherwise required to register as such, we might be required to revise some of our current policies, or substantially restructure our business, to comply with the Investment Company Act. This would likely require us to incur the expense of holding a unitholder meeting to vote on such changes. Further, if we were required to register as an investment company, but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, criminal and civil actions could be brought against us, some of our contracts might be unenforceable, unless a court were to direct enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
Risks related to ERISA:
In considering an investment in the units, if you are an employee benefit plan subject to ERISA, you should consider (i) whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA; and (ii) whether the investment is prudent, since there may not be a market created in which you can sell or otherwise dispose of the units. In addition if you are a Plan, as defined in the “ERISA Consideration” section, including a tax-qualified pension or 401(k) plan or an IRA, you should consider (i) whether a distribution of units
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from a tax-qualified plan or IRA would be accepted by an IRA custodian as a rollover, and if not, the automatic 20% income tax withholding which you may need to satisfy out of other assets that you own; (ii) whether a required distribution from a tax-qualified plan or IRA commencing on the April 1 following the calendar year in which you attain age 70 1/2 or, with respect to a tax-qualified plan distribution, retire, if later, could cause you to become subject to income tax that you would need to satisfy out of other assets if you were not able to transfer the units for cash; and (iii) whether interests in us or the underlying assets owned by us constitute “plan assets” for purposes of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code which could cause certain transactions with us to constitute non-exempt prohibited transactions. Finally, all tax-exempt investors, including tax-qualified pension and 401(k) plans and IRAs should consider (i) whether the investment will impair the liquidity of your plan or other entity; and (ii) whether the investment will create unrelated business taxable income for the plan or other entity. ERISA requires that the assets of a plan be valued at their fair market value as of the close of the plan year, and it may not be possible to adequately value the units from year to year, since there will not be a market for those units.
If our assets are deemed to be ERISA plan assets, our Advisor and we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of ERISA and the Code.
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entire entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets unless an exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, as applicable, may be applicable, and there may be liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the Code. We believe that our assets will not be treated as plan assets because our units should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of our units, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if our Advisor or we are exposed to liability under ERISA or the Code, our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected. Prior to making an investment in us, you should consult with your legal and other advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code on your investment and our performance. For more information, please see “ERISA Considerations.”
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BUSINESS
Overview
The Company is a Delaware limited liability company formed on April 30, 2012, that makes impact investments in SMEs primarily in developing economies that provide the opportunity to achieve both competitive financial returns and positive measurable impact. We use the proceeds of this offering to invest in SMEs through local market sub-advisors in a diversified portfolio of financial assets, including direct loans, convertible debt instruments, trade finance, structured credit and preferred and common equity investments. We anticipate that a substantial portion of our assets will consist of collateralized private debt instruments, which we believe offer opportunities for competitive risk-adjusted returns through income generation. We are externally managed and advised by TriLinc Advisors.
Our business strategy is to generate competitive financial returns and positive economic, social and/or environmental impact by providing financing to SMEs, primarily in developing economies, defined as countries with national income classified by the World Bank as upper-middle income and below. Our style of investment is referred to as impact investing, which J.P. Morgan Global Research and Rockefeller Foundation in a 2010 report called “an emerging alternative asset class” and defined as investing with the intent to create positive impact beyond financial return. We believe it is possible to generate competitive financial returns while creating positive, measurable impact. Through our investments in SMEs, we intend to enable job creation and stimulate economic growth.
Our investment objectives are to provide our unitholders current income, capital preservation and modest capital appreciation. These objectives are achieved primarily through SME trade finance and term loan financing, while employing rigorous risk-mitigation and due diligence practices, and transparently measuring and reporting the economic, social and environmental impacts of our investments. The majority of our investments are senior secured trade finance, senior secured loans and other collateralized loans or loan participations to SMEs with established, profitable businesses in developing economies. With our sub-advisors, we expect to provide growth capital financing generally ranging in size from $5-15 million per transaction for direct SME loans and $500,000 to $5 million for trade finance transactions. We will seek to protect and grow investor capital by: (1) targeting countries with favorable economic growth and investor protections; (2) partnering with sub-advisors with significant experience in local markets; (3) for Direct SME loans, focusing on creditworthy lending targets which have at least 3-year operating histories and demonstrated cash flows enabling loan repayment; (4) making primarily debt investments, backed by collateral and borrower guarantees; (5) employing best practices in our due diligence and risk mitigation processes; and (6) monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
Our goal is to create a diversified portfolio of primarily private debt instruments, including trade finance and term loans, whose counterparties are small and medium-size businesses in developing economies. Private debt facilities generate current income and in some cases offer the potential for modest capital appreciation, while maintaining a higher place in a company’s capital structure than the equity held by the owners and other investors. As small and growing businesses, our borrowers use capital to expand operations, improve the financial standing of their operations, or finance the trade of their goods. According to the most recent IFC SME Banking Guide, SMEs have been shown to improve job creation and GDP growth throughout the world, and we expect the portfolio of our investments have a positive, measurable impact in their communities, in addition to offering a competitive financial return to the investor.
We were organized as a Delaware limited liability company on April 30, 2012. We operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940. See “— Investment Company Act Considerations,” below.
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Our Advisor
TriLinc Advisors manages our investments. TriLinc Advisors is a private investment advisory firm focusing on impact investments in SMEs around the world. TriLinc Advisors is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, as amended. Led by Gloria Nelund, its Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Manager, Brent VanNorman, its Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Manager, and Paul Sanford, its Chief Investment Officer, TriLinc Advisors’ management team has a long track record and broad experience in the management of regulated, multi-billion dollar fund complexes and global macro portfolio management. TriLinc Advisors and our sub-advisors have an extensive network of relationships with emerging market private equity and debt managers, bilateral and multilateral DFIs, and international consultancies and service providers that we believe benefit our portfolio of investments. We benefit from both the top-down, global macro investing approach of TriLinc Advisors and the bottom-up deal sourcing and structuring of our sub-advisors. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement and its ownership in TriLinc Advisors, Strategic Capital is entitled to receive distributions equal to 15% of the gross cash proceeds received by TriLinc Advisors from the management and incentive fees payable by us to TriLinc Advisors under the Advisory Agreement. These distributions are for bona fide services performed by Strategic Capital for TriLinc Advisors in accordance with its ownership percentage and are not underwriting compensation.
We seek to capitalize on the significant investment experience of our Advisor’s management team, which has over 100 years of collective experience in financial services and investment. Our CEO and President, Gloria Nelund, founded TriLinc Global in 2008 after a thirty year career in the international asset management industry. Most recently, Mrs. Nelund served as Head of the U.S. Private Wealth Management Division of Deutsche Bank, the world’s fifth largest financial institution. In this capacity, she held fiduciary responsibility for more than $50 billion in investment assets, including more than $20 billion in emerging markets and credit instruments. Prior to her tenure at Deutsche Bank, Mrs. Nelund spent sixteen years as an executive at Bank of America/Security Pacific Bank, most notably as President and CEO of BofA Capital Management, Inc., an investment management subsidiary managing $35 billion in assets for both retail and institutional investors. Additionally, Ms. Nelund acts as Chairman of the Board and Independent Trustee for RS Investments, a mutual fund complex with more than $20 billion in Assets Under Management (“AUM”). Ms. Nelund had served as the Managing Director of Scudder Kemper Investments, prior to its purchase by Deutsche Bank. While at Scudder Kemper Investments, she supported the development and growth of one of the industry’s early socially responsible investment (“SRI”) investment products. In addition, she was instrumental in making Deutsche Bank a leading institutional supporter of microcredit, creating multiple programs for private wealth management clients to be educated about, and invest in the asset class. Throughout her career, Ms. Nelund has been a pioneer in the development of Social Impact products for institutional and high net worth investors.
Our Chief Investment Officer, Paul Sanford, has over fifteen years of experience developing, managing and executing global macro investment strategies at both large global banks and boutique investment firms. Throughout his career, Mr. Sanford has followed and invested in emerging markets as part of his various investment mandates, including conducting extensive research on developing economies and reviewing and selecting leading managers of emerging market debt and equities, most prominently as Portfolio Manager for Latin American accounts at the U.S. Private Bank of HSBC. Mr. Sanford has a deep understanding of macroeconomics and geo-politics, and an in-depth knowledge of traditional and alternative asset classes in both public and private capital markets. Most recently, Mr. Sanford was Chief Investment Officer for a Los Angeles-based boutique registered investment advisor, where he was responsible for developing and implementing the firm’s global investment strategy, performing manager due diligence, and managing all fund investment relationships. Mr. Sanford’s extensive experience in the banking and investment industry also includes portfolio manager positions at Deutsche Bank, HSBC and Morton Capital Management. For over a decade, Mr. Sanford has been a global macro investor with a focus on Central Bank policy, GDP growth trends, global interest rates, global currencies and foreign government policies.
We engage multiple investment managers in a sub-advisory capacity to source, evaluate, and monitor investments. Our local market sub-advisors have significant experience and established networks in our targeted
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asset classes, regions and countries, and adhere to the investment parameters as directed by the TriLinc investment team and our board of managers. Primary sub-advisors must have a minimum five year investment track record and have invested at least $250 million in their target region. Secondary sub-advisors, who focus on a specific region or asset class, must have a minimum three year investment track record and have invested at least $100 million in their target region. All sub-advisors must have continuity in their investment team, including senior management, and an investment strategy that can responsibly deploy appropriate levels of capital. Sub-advisors must have strong, independent risk controls and must screen for and track impact and the Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) practices of the borrowers.
TriLinc Advisors is a joint venture between TriLinc Global LLC and Strategic Capital. The purpose of the joint venture is to permit our Advisor to capitalize upon the expertise of the TriLinc management team as well as the experience of the executives of Strategic Capital in providing advisory services in connection with the formation, organization, registration and operation of entities similar to the Company. Strategic Capital provides certain services to, and on behalf of, our Advisor, including but not limited to formation and advisory services related to our formation and the structure of this offering, financial and strategic planning advice and analysis, overseeing the development of marketing materials, selecting and negotiating with third party vendors and other administrative and operational services.
Potential Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following key strengths and potential competitive advantages enable us to capitalize on the significant opportunities in SME finance around the world.
| • | | Significant Experience of Management of our Advisor and Sub-Advisors |
The senior management team of our Advisor has a long track record and broad experience in managing and operating regulated, multi-billion dollar fund complexes. Among this experience, members of TriLinc Advisors’ senior management team have held senior executive positions at large global banks, institutional money managers and independent investment advisors. Furthermore, the senior management team has significant experience in global macro portfolio management, including executing multi-manager global macro investment strategies across asset classes, geographies and industries. This experience emphasizes maximizing risk-adjusted returns, utilizing alternative asset classes and hedging portfolio risk exposures, as well as the importance of a rigorous and disciplined approach to manager due diligence. This macro experience is complemented by the experience of our sub-advisors, who have deep local networks, a firm understanding of the local culture and regulatory environment, and a reputation for being high-quality investment partners. The principals of our sub-advisors have collectively deployed more than $ 42 billion in developing economy debt transactions. These qualities have enabled them to realize solid track records, and afford them access to high quality deal flow to the benefit of the Company.
| • | | Attractive Return Profile of Asset Classes |
We believe that investments in SME direct loans and SME trade finance globally present the opportunity to generate competitive and stable cash flows and deliver attractive financial returns. Although SMEs are underserved by traditional capital providers like local commercial banks, global financial institutions believe SMEs to be a “key source of profits,” according to the WEF 2012 Report. Surveys reported in the WEF 2012 Report have indicated that banks globally perceive SME banking as a “large” and “attractive.” market that can be “more profitable than serving large companies.” We also provide trade financing to SMEs, an asset class which according to the International Chamber of Commerce (“ICC”) has enjoyed stable performance and low default rates in recent years, notwithstanding the global financial crisis. We believe that SME finance will continue to present an attractive financial opportunity in coming years, and that we will be well-positioned to identify high-quality borrowers in our target regions.
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| • | | Strategic Relationships and Access to Deal Flow |
Our senior executives have extensive backgrounds in the asset management and investment industry, and along with our sub-advisors, have developed an expansive network of relationships with developing economy private equity and debt managers, bilateral and multilateral DFIs, and international consultancies and service providers that we believe will benefit our portfolio of investments. TriLinc Advisors’ local market sub-advisors are the conduit to country and region-specific deal flow. To be considered for participation with us, sub-advisors must demonstrate their presence and track record in their geographies, both of which are dependent on their ability to tap their local market networks to source lending opportunities from local SMEs. Since our sub-advisors will typically have decades of experience in these markets, they are able to maintain a robust pipeline of potential investments and maintain a high degree of selectivity when evaluating multiple opportunities.
| • | | Unique Focus, Structure, and Early Mover Advantage |
We have created a unique fund structure we believe that gives U.S. non-accredited investors their first-ever opportunity to invest in a fund dedicated to financing developing economy SMEs. As a public company with access to capital, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to address the capital shortage problem in global SME finance, as described below in “Market Opportunity.” In making these investments, we also measure and report the economic, social and/or environmental impacts at the borrower level. We believe that we are the first retail product that will provide this level of transparency and impact reporting to non-accredited investors.
We have taken multiple steps to structure our relationship with TriLinc Advisors so that our interests and those of TriLinc Advisors are closely aligned. TriLinc Advisors will not offer any units it owns for repurchase as long as TriLinc Advisors remains our Advisor. We believe TriLinc Advisors’ incentive compensation structure aligns our interests with those of TriLinc Advisors, which creates the conditions necessary to optimize returns and risk tolerance for our unitholders. In addition, by providing primarily debt to SMEs instead of equity, we leave ownership in the hands of the current owners, which encourages responsible growth to protect the value of their equity. Furthermore, we have voluntarily structured the Company with a board of managers, a majority of whom are independent, in order to monitor our policies and conflicts.
Market Opportunity
Overview
We are centered on a single idea: providing access to finance for SMEs, particularly in developing economies, is both a profitable investment proposition and an effective driver of sustainable economic development. We believe significant opportunity exists in financing small and growing businesses, which through expansion have the ability to hire more employees, produce more goods for local consumption, provide training to locally-based employees and pay more taxes through increased revenues. By increasing the local production of quality goods and services, these businesses can support the growing middle class in those markets.
Consistently across countries in the developed and developing world, SMEs account for a significant portion of economic growth and job creation. According to the IFC, SMEs account for over half of GDP and over two-thirds of jobs in high-income countries. In developing economies, defined as those classified as upper-middle income and below by the World Bank, IFC studies have estimated that there are 36-40 million formal SMEs in operation, representing up to 40% of GDP and up to 65% of formal employment.
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The World Bank classifies countries by national income using the following categories:
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• High-income Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD, members |
|
• High-income (non-OECD members) |
• Upper-middle-income | | } | | |
• Lower-middle-income | | | Developing Economies |
• Low-income | | | |
In addition to the national income level classifications listed above, we also target SME investment in developing economies by geography using the following regional definitions from the World Bank:
| • | | Latin America and the Caribbean |
| • | | Middle East and North Africa |
| • | | Europe and Central Asia |
We do not anticipate making any U.S. investments.
Despite the economic and social importance of small businesses, there are many obstacles to their growth globally. A major barrier to growth is lack of access to capital:
| • | | According to the IFC between55 and 68 percent of SMEs representing 13.8 to 20.4 million firms in developing economies do not have access to loans or lines of credit despite the need for them. |
| • | | According to the IFC, the gap between demand and supply of SME credit is estimated to be$1.5-1.8 trillion globally, with developing economies representing about half of that gap. |
| • | | As shown in Figure 1, access to finance is viewed as amajor obstacle to growth,at a significantly higher rate by developing economy SMEs than by larger firms in high income countries. |
| • | | Faced with few financing options, as illustrated in Figure 2, the vast majority of firms in developing economies use internal financing for growth, thus limiting their growth potential. |
| | |
Figure 1. Percentage of firms identifying access to finance as a major obstacle by firm size by the number of employees and country income group | | Figure 2. Financing sources for fixed investment in developing economies |
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The SME finance market is a growth market
SME Finance is often characterized as the “Missing Middle,” which typically refers to businesses that are too large to be served by microfinance institutions, but too small to access local commercial bank financing.In the last few years, however, banks throughout the world have increasingly recognized the opportunity of banking SMEs. The IFC characterizes this market as an “industry in transition,” with banks reporting higher return on assets, or ROA, for their SME portfolio than the ROA for the overall bank. In fact, an IFC survey found that banks on average reported higher returns on their SME lending portfolio than for their overall portfolio — 28 percent higher operating incomes and 35 percent higher operating profits as a percentage of assets.
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The IFC has increased its focus on SMEs in recent years, increasing its committed portfolio of investments in SME financial institutions by 238% between 2009 and 2014. Its client banks have increased their focus on SME finance concurrently, growing their SME term loan portfolios to nearly $91.3 billion through 2.7 million loans. For a description of investing in direct SME loans, see “— Investing in Direct SME Loans,” below. The IFC has also helped to support exporter SMEs with trade financing, supporting the export of goods in more than 25,000 transactions since inception in 2005 through the end of 2012. Even within the highly developed financial system of the United States, SME finance is a growth market. In the United States, Congress established the Small Business Administration, or SBA, in 1953 to help support the establishment and viability of small businesses in the United States, and began tracking lending to SMEs in 1994. In the ensuing 22 years, the number of small business loans more than tripled to over $595 billion. | | ![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g50x75.jpg) |
Trade finance plays a crucial role in enabling global trade.For a description of trade finance, see “— Investing in Trade Finance Assets,” below. According to the World Trade Organization, approximately 90% of world trade is supported by some type of trade finance. With increased globalization of supply chains and decreased barriers to trade, exports from developing economies have increased almost eight-fold in the last 20 years as illustrated in the graph below.
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Figure 4. Merchandise Exports from Developing Economies, in Billions
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g37z23.jpg)
Source: UNCTADStat
Despite gains in recognizing the SME finance opportunity, huge gaps in the supply of capital remain: the IFC estimates that at least 8 million SMEs in East Asia and up to 2 million in both Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia lack sufficient access to capital. Through term loans and trade finance, we provide SMEs with the capital they need to grow and deliver goods and services to their buyers around the world.
There is a significant capital shortage in the market
A 2010 study by the IFC and McKinsey found that between 45 and 55 percent of formal SMEs, or11-17 million firms, in developing economies do not have access to loans or lines of credit despite the need for them (see Figure 5 for regional data).The IFC also estimated a $1.5-1.8 trillion global gap between demand and supply of SME credit, with developing economies representing about half of that gap.
From a 2007-2013 OECD survey, SME loans made up on average 41% of total business loans in high and upper middle-income countries. However, SME loans make up only 18-27% of business loans in developing countries, according to a Dalberg report. We believe that this capital shortage will continue to exist for the foreseeable future, as SME banking is a complex endeavor that involves informed loan officers, local networks, and flexibility in structuring.
Global trade continues to increase, yet we believe the global supply of trade finance will not keep pace.In response to the global financial crisis, central banks sought to increase the amounts of capital banks must hold in reserve against potential losses, agreeing to a series of accords called Basel III.Banks have been the largest providers of trade finance to date, but with the implementation of Basel III banks are required to hold greater reserves when making these loans, which will act as a disincentive to making those loans. At the same time, many of these same banks are reducing their aggregate loan portfolios as they absorb losses from the European sovereign crisis and other effects of the global financial crisis, according to the Bank for International Settlements. As a result, the opportunity for non-bank providers of trade finance has grown dramatically.
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Figure 5. Formal SMEs’ Access to Finance by Region
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g63p61.jpg)
SME Lending has been shown to generate attractive returns
Although SMEs are underserved by traditional capital providers like local commercial banks, the profitability of such investments is not the limiting factor, according to the WEF. A survey included in the WEF 2012 Report indicates that 80 percent of developing economy banks perceived SME banking as a “large” and “attractive” market that “can be more profitable than serving large companies.” Another survey conducted by the World Bank in 2008 found that banks in developing economies report lower default rates for their SME portfolios than banks in developed economies, yet realize average interest rates that are at least 6% higher than the developed economy average. The same survey found that banks lending to medium-size businesses in developing countries charge interest rates ranging from 11-15%.
The asset class has not just proven to be attractive in developing economies. Since 1958, the SBA in the United States has encouraged the formation of Small Business Investment Companies, or SBICs, which are investment funds that provide debt financing to small businesses in the United States. According to the SBA’s SBIC Program Annual FY2014 Report, the reported average annual returns of their funds were over12.5%. Although past performance does not guarantee future performance, we believe that the asset class will continue to present an attractive financial return in the coming years, and that the Company will be well-positioned to identify high-quality borrowers in our target regions.
We believe that the underserved nature of such a large segment of the global economy, coupled with a strong demand for capital from the SMEs themselves, has created significant opportunity for investment. Because of the current investing environment, we believe that SMEs are likely to offer attractive investment terms in the form of current cash yield, deferred interest and equity warrants, and more attractive security features such as stricter loan covenants and quality collateral. Additionally, as compared to larger companies,
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SMEs often have simpler capital structures and carry less debt, thus aiding the structuring and negotiation process and allowing for greater flexibility in structuring favorable transactions.
Investments in SMEs have a significant impact on local economic development
While competitive financial returns are our primary focus, we also seek to make a quantifiable development impact with each of our investments. With a focus on providing access to capital, enabling job creation, increasing wages and promoting sustainable business practices, we aim to create measureable economic, social and/or environmental impact. The Small Enterprise Assistance Funds, or SEAF, who have been investing in developing economy SMEs for over 20 years, have collected large amounts of data on the impact of their investments. The SEAF 2011 Development Impact Report estimated that every $1 invested in an SME generates an additional $13 in the local economy, and that their investee companies increased employment by an average of 25% per year versus the 1% national average. We believe that providing access to growth capital for SMEs in our targeted geographies will drive direct, systematic and long-term economic expansion for the populations most in need.
We primarily target investment in countries classified as upper- and lower-middle income by the World Bank as illustrated in Figure 6 below. While many of those markets exhibit high levels of growth and strong fundamentals, they are frequently still underdeveloped. By providing financing to the SME sector in these regions, we seek to catalyze economic growth and underpin broad-based social change. This change is realized in many ways, including job creation, increased incomes, and enhanced government services due to increased tax contributions. According to the IFC, “helping SMEs in developing countries to grow… lead(s) to income growth and poverty reduction.”
Figure 6. Example of the Countries within World Bank Income Classification
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Low Income | | Lower-Middle Income | | Upper-Middle Income | | High Income |
Bangladesh Cambodia Ethiopia Rwanda South Sudan Tanzania | | Ghana Guatemala Indonesia Philippines Vietnam | | Brazil Colombia Malaysia Mexico Peru South Africa | | Chile Poland Singapore South Korea United States |
| | Initial Company Focus | | |
Source: World Bank, 2015
As evidenced by research shown here, providing creditworthy SMEs with capital can both enable job creation and deliver competitive financial returns to investors. By mobilizing capital to this end, we believe we can fundamentally improve the lives of many around the world. For information regarding country allocation of our portfolio as of March 31, 2016, see “— Investments.”
Investment Strategy
The Company seeks to generate competitive financial returns and positive economic, social and environmental impact by providing financing to SMEs. Our investment objectives are to provide our unitholders current income, capital preservation, and modest capital appreciation. We intend to meet our investment objectives through:
| • | | Investing primarily in SME trade finance and term loans |
| • | | A rigorous multi-level risk mitigation strategy at the portfolio level through “extreme” diversification, the sub-advisor level through rigorous due diligence and oversight, and the investment level through local market knowledge and credit expertise of our sub-advisors |
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| • | | Equity warrants and discounted trade receivables |
The majority of our investments have been and will continue to be senior and other collateralized loans to SMEs with established, profitable businesses in developing economies. With our sub-advisors, we provide growth capital financing generally ranging in size from $5-15 million per transaction for Direct SME loans and $500,000 to $5 million for trade finance transactions. We seek to protect and grow investor capital by: (1) targeting countries with favorable economic growth and investor protections; (2) partnering with sub-advisors with significant experience in local markets; (3) focusing on creditworthy lending targets who have at least 3-year operating histories and demonstrated cash flows enabling loan repayment; (4) making primarily debt investments, backed by collateral and borrower guarantees; (5) employing sound due diligence and risk mitigation processes; and (6) monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
We employ a three-pronged strategy for deploying capital to developing economy SMEs:
| • | | Economics: “Top-down” portfolio optimization |
| • | | Expertise: “Bottom-up” local market execution, and |
| • | | “Extreme” Diversification. |
For a discussion of extreme diversification, see “— ‘Extreme’ Diversification,” below.
Investments have been and will continue to primarily be credit facilities to developing economy SMEs, including trade finance and SME term loans, through TriLinc Advisors’ team of professional sub-advisors with a local presence in the markets where they invest. As of December 31, 2015, 94.6% of our investment portfolio consisted of participations in loans and we expect that future investments will continue to be primarily participations. We typically provide financing that is collateralized, has a short to medium-term maturity and is self-liquidating through the repayment of principal. By providing additional liquidity to growing small businesses, we believe we will support both economic growth and the expansion of the global middle class.
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g59y81.jpg)
Economics
The economic outlook for developing economies is very positive as evidenced by the IMF forecast, as shown in Figure 7. In the 1980s and 1990s, many governments in developing economies engaged in comprehensive macroeconomic reforms that stabilized country budgets, built up foreign reserves, and encouraged foreign direct investment. An increasingly globalized economy has led to massive growth of the global middle class: in China alone, over 150 million people are estimated to have joined the middle class since 1985, according to the OECD. The IMF has forecasted that the GDP of developing economies will grow by 4.3 percent in 2015, versus just 2.4 percent for developed countries.
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Figure 7. GDP Growth in Developing and Developed Countries
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g26y88.jpg)
Our top-down approach identifies asset classes and geographic markets with strong potential for financial, as well as economic, social and/or environmental impact returns. Scenario modeling is then used to determine the optimal mix of risk/return characteristics and investment duration. Our investment team monitors global macro and geo-political factors for our asset classes, regions, and countries through research, public market indices, local news, key partner relationships and intelligence gained through our sub-advisors.
From a top-down macro perspective, we identify countries with excellent growth prospects and a friendly environment to entrepreneurs and investors alike. The key factors we consider are:
| • | | Growth: Target economies with friendly business environments that are experiencing rapid growth. |
| • | | Stability: Focus on countries with consistent political leadership and strong investor rights. |
| • | | Access: Target economies where the flow of capital is not significantly restricted and work with local sub-advisors with expansive origination networks in otherwise difficult-to-reach places. |
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We manage our specific exposure to developing economies through the detailed analysis of many country factors, including:
Figure 8. Factors and Indicators for Macro Analysis
| | | | |
Factor | | Indicators | | Source(s) |
Economic | | • Gross Domestic Product • Inflation • Government debt • Country credit rating • Government budget balance • Research and development expenditures • Market size | | Central bank data, UNCTAD, CIA World Factbook |
| | |
Legal and political stability | | • Property rights • Public trust in elected officials • Intellectual property protection • Individuals’ political rights • Strength of investor protection | | World Bank Governance Indicators, Freedom House, Center for Global Policy |
| | |
Entrepreneurial access | | • Business start-up costs • Penetration of the Internet and fixed and mobile phones • Prevalence of trade barriers | | World Bank World Development Indicators, Legatum Prosperity Index |
| | |
Attractive Yield and Return | | • Local market lending rates • SME access to finance | | Central bank data, IFC |
| | |
Relationships | | • Local market intelligence | | TriLinc and sub-advisors, DFIs, Industry Networks |
Expertise
Although the shortage of capital available for SMEs is consistent throughout the developing world, the individual economies themselves are unique. Finding quality businesses to invest in requires deep local networks, a firm understanding of the local culture and regulatory environment, and a local reputation for being a high-quality lending partner. For these reasons, we believe the most prudent strategy is to complement top-down, macroeconomic portfolio optimization and management with experienced, local sub-advisors who have solid track records and ample access to high-quality potential investments.
Investing with Sub-advisors
TriLinc Advisors has implemented our investment strategy through partnering with multiple sub-advisors. In accordance with our risk management philosophy which emphasizes a comprehensive approach to investing and asset management, sub-advisors’ strategies are tailored to the characteristics of private financing of SMEs in developing economies.
Sub-advisors are selected based upon a comprehensive due diligence process and based upon their exposure to, skill with, and track record in selected asset classes, regions and countries. In order to qualify for sub-advisor
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status, interested firms must invest in our target asset classes with a local presence in our desired regions and/or countries. Sub-advisors are designated as “primary” and “secondary.” Primary sub-advisors must have a minimum five year investment track record and have invested at least $250 million in their target region. Secondary sub-advisors, who focus on a specific region or asset class, must have a minimum three year investment track record and have invested at least $100 million in their target region. All sub-advisor candidates must have continuity in their investment team, including senior management, and an investment strategy that can responsibly invest the allocation received from the Company. Sub-advisors must have strong, independent risk controls and be willing to screen for and track impact and ESG practices.
With multiple sub-advisors sourcing deals in different asset classes across the globe, dynamic allocation to different managers is a key element of TriLinc Advisors’ portfolio management. Allocation decisions are driven by ongoing monitoring of asset class and geographic trends, balanced by dividend requirements, cash flow needs, and sub-advisor performance. As an element of oversight and quality control, a member of our Advisor’s investment team may participate as an observer in each sub-advisor’s investment committee. TriLinc maintains observer rights on all relevant sub-advisor investment committees. Individual sub-advisor policy and practice can vary widely and TriLinc may elect to adopt more stringent processes than sub-advisor investment committee observance. Sub-advisors are held accountable for performance and can be replaced by the TriLinc Advisors’ Investment Committee at will.
As of March 31, 2016, TriLinc Advisors has selected eight institutional-class sub-advisors with access to a robust pipeline of highly selective investment opportunities. Collectively, the sub-advisors have deployed over $42 billion in developing economy debt transactions. The management teams have an average of approximately 22 years of local market experience. The following are the selected managers to act as sub-advisors:
| • | | The International Investment Group L.L.C. (IIG): a SEC Registered Investment Advisor founded in 1994 focusing primarily on developing and managing alternative investment vehicles involved in global trade finance. Through various affiliates, the company has deployed over $9.0 billion in commodity and trade finance transactions to small and medium enterprises, primarily in developing economies. With approximately $700 million in total assets, IIG currently manages and/or services over $550 million in trade finance transactions. IIG is headquartered in New York with additional representatives in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Malta. |
IIG’s management team has well over 100 years of cumulative experience in commodity and trade finance investments as well as in developing economies. Selective in transaction sourcing and execution, and typically working in conjunction with a large network of legal advisors, banks, merchants, brokers, professional organizations, investors and local representatives, the firm has successfully pursued the international trade finance strategy despite volatile markets for almost 20 years. IIG believes working with a well-rounded and diversified network provides greater insight into local market conditions and enables the firm to capitalize on attractive investment opportunities. In addition, IIG believes it possesses a unique skill set, sound foundation and infrastructure and strong due diligence processes. IIG believes it is able to quickly identify and capitalize on investment opportunities while carefully structuring them to minimize transactional risk. IIG serves as a primary sub-advisor.
| • | | Asia Impact Capital Ltd. (AIC): an investment firm advised by the founding principals of TAEL Partners Ltd. (“TAEL”) and was established to provide investment management services to us. TAEL is a leading Southeast Asian investment firm founded in 2007 by seasoned industry veterans with long term track records and diverse investment capabilities across Southeast Asia. TAEL’s investment professionals have deep roots in Southeast Asia and extensive experience working for leading financial institutions on both international and local levels. The company has a hands-on approach and can adapt and tailor its investment structures to the nuances of the Southeast Asian markets while partnering with established, growing businesses. Leveraging its wide and established network of business relationships in the region, TAEL generally enjoys an absence of competitive bidding, and is often able to undertake investments at attractive pricing levels. |
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TAEL’s founding principals have over 70 years of collective Asian market investment experience and have closed over $30 billion worth of transactions across a diverse range of industries. Importantly, TAEL’s principals have worked together as a cohesive and successful team for over 10 years and will jointly advise AIC in its investment activities. AIC will leverage TAEL’s robust support team that includes over 20 seasoned investment professionals across 4 offices (Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Jakarta) who help source, underwrite and execute transactions. AIC, through its advisor, is expected to benefit from TAEL’s strong network of over 200 relationships with leading regional business groups and owners – many of which were forged during the 1997 Asian financial crisis and further cultivated in the years since. AIC intends to operate with close alignment of interests with its borrower companies to jointly establish and achieve common business, investment and impact objectives. AIC serves as a primary sub-advisor.
| • | | GMG Investment Advisors, LLC (GMG): based in New York, GMG is a specialized asset management firm focused on private credit investments in global emerging markets. The firm was co-founded in 2010 by Greg Gentile, former Head of Latin America Credit at both Lehman Brothers and Barclays capital. He was joined by two additional senior partners who also held previous trading roles at Lehman Brothers. GMG invests primarily in the debt of small and medium sized enterprises, as well as securitizations and other asset backed transactions, which are structured in-house. The firm also co-manages a fund and a specialty lending company focused on microfinance lending and socially responsible debt. |
GMG utilizes its network of local market representatives and financial institutions to originate a number of investment opportunities in the Latin American region. GMG serves as a secondary sub-advisor.
| • | | Barak Fund Management Limited (Barak): is an African based asset management company founded in 2008 that is focused on providing trade finance to small and middle market companies in the agriculture and commodities sectors. Barak specializes in sourcing and originating mainly soft commodity and food-related transactions with strong collateral characteristics. With affiliate offices in Mauritius and South Africa, the Barak team is able to source and take advantage of the numerous opportunities that arise in some of the world’s fastest growing economies. Barak has completed close to $2.4 billion in transactions across Sub-Saharan Africa since its inception. |
Barak’s two founding principals have more than 35 years of combined experience in trading, international banking and private equity investment in Africa. Both possess specialist expertise and proven track records in the agricultural and commodities sectors, developed at a variety of world class institutions such as Standard Bank, Absa, Barclays and Rand Merchant Bank. Barak serves as a secondary sub-advisor.
| • | | Helios Investment Partners, LLP (Helios): is an Africa-focused private investment firm managing funds totaling over $3 billion. Established in 2004, led and managed by a predominantly African team and based in London, Nigeria, and Kenya, Helios has completed investments in countries across the African continent. Helios’ portfolio companies operate in more than 35 countries in all regions of the continent, and the firm’s diverse investor base comprises a broad range of the world’s leading investors, including sovereign wealth funds, corporate and public pension funds, endowments and foundations, funds of funds, family offices and development finance institutions across the US, Europe, Asia and Africa. |
Recipient of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation’s 2014 Impact Award in Private Equity, Helios is a solutions provider that bridges international capital and know-how to African talent and enterprise. Differentiated by a combination of world-class investment skills, deep local and international networks, and a thorough understanding of the African environment, the firm is well-positioned to generate strong risk-adjusted returns from investments in the African market.
The Helios credit team’s senior members collectively have more than 50 years of investment experience in institutional lending, debt structuring, trading and risk management with previous tenures
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at leading financial institutions including Goldman Sachs International, Merrill Lynch International, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Citigroup Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Renaissance Financial Holdings Limited and have completed over $14 billion in debt transactions across Africa. These investment professionals lead the Helios credit team’s disciplined loan structuring and diligent risk management processes and procedures to create attractive investment and impact opportunities for the Company’s term loan strategy throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. As one of the leading investment firms in the region, Helios’ regional networks will support the credit team’s mandate to provide financing to companies not well-served by banks or equity investors. Helios serves as a secondary sub-advisor.
| • | | TRG Management LP (“TRG,” d/b/a The Rohatyn Group): Founded in 2002, TRG is one of the leading emerging markets asset management firms. The firm and its affiliates manage assets of more than $5.5 billion with product offerings across private equity, private credit, hedge funds, fixed income, infrastructure and real estate. TRG is headquartered in New York, with offices around the globe including Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Argentina, India, Singapore, Hong Kong and London. |
TRG’s private markets business focuses on the firm’s emerging market investment activity in private transactions with growth-stage middle-market companies that demonstrate strong value creation potential through experienced and reputable management teams, defensible market positions, strong cash flow fundamentals, and potential for positive risk-adjusted returns. TRG believes that its competitive advantage in originating and managing attractive investment and impact opportunities is supported and enhanced by a sophisticated institutional investor base, robust underwriting processes and procedures, institutional quality portfolio monitoring and administration infrastructure.
TRG’s Latin American Credit Team (“LACT”) is comprised of four senior members, the majority of whom have been with the firm since 2004. Collectively, the four members have over 75 years of investment experience in institutional lending, debt structuring, sales and trading, and high-yield distressed debt transactions with previous tenures at leading financial institutions including J.P. Morgan, Citibank, Merrill Lynch, BBVA and the World Bank. With a deep network of relationships throughout Latin America, LACT has deployed approximately $500 million, since 2004, in credit transactions in some of the region’s most predominant sectors, including the utility, telecommunications, retail, and energy industries. TRG’s disciplined investment process, diligent investment administration and operations infrastructure, and strong emerging market investment track record support LACT and its strategy to create substantial value for its investors and SMEs that are currently underserved by traditional banks and financial intermediaries operating in the region. TRG serves as a secondary sub-advisor.
| • | | Alsis Funds, S.C. (“Alsis”): is a Latin America-focused asset management firm with offices in Mexico City and Miami that has deployed over $250 million, including $114 million asset-based lending, since its inception in 2007. Alsis is managed by a team of locals with significant experience, market knowledge, and extensive in-country networks. While Alsis’ investment activity is primarily in Mexico, the firm has proven to be a critical provider of capital to the growing SME segment and real estate industry across the region, with an attractive track record of deployed capital and realized returns in key growth industries. |
Alsis executes its SME strategy through a direct private lending approach that focuses on transactions that can be collateralized by purchase contracts with strong off-takers and also targets companies seeking financing backed by financial assets or real estate assets. Alsis’ executive management team possesses over 100 years of combined experience in transaction sourcing, underwriting, credit analysis, and asset management, at firms such as J.P. Morgan Chase, Deutsche Bank, Bear Stearns, and BBVA Bancomer.
Alsis’ SME strategy greatly benefits from the firm’s proprietary relationships throughout Mexico and the greater Latin America region as well as its extensive due diligence and underwriting processes. Additionally, Alsis’ portfolio monitoring, operations, and administration infrastructure supports the firm’s ability to respond to the growing and persistent demand from the region’s SMEs for a timely,
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efficient, and flexible source of growth financing. Alsis believes that these competitive advantages are further deepened by its top-tier institutional investor base, which is comprised of industry-leading public pension funds, family foundations, and fund of funds in the U.S. and Canada, including the U.S. government’s development finance institution, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. Alsis serves as a secondary sub-advisor.
| • | | Scipion Capital, Ltd. (“Scipion”): is a Sub-Saharan Africa-focused investment management firm that has deployed over $450 million in trade finance transactions since its inception in 2007. Headquartered in London, with an office in Geneva and investment team member presence in Botswana and South Africa, the firm focuses its investment strategy on managing a diversified portfolio of trade finance assets across multiple industries, geographies, and financing structures. More specifically, Scipion’s emphasis on short duration and self-liquidating transactions is a cornerstone of its investment strategy and has translated into an attractive track record of risk-adjusted returns and a reputation as one of the leading trade finance managers in the region. |
Scipion accomplishes its value proposition through the provision of short-term liquidity, usually with facility tenors of 120 days or less, to SMEs engaged in export and import-related transactions that would otherwise not have time-efficient access to finance from local financial institutions. Furthermore, Scipion’s investments pursue strong collateral coverage profiles consisting of inventory and accounts receivables. Scipion’s senior investment team executes the firm’s strategy through over 125 years of combined experience in banking and emerging markets, including over 50 years of combined experience specifically with trade finance in Africa, at firms such as Credit Suisse, Citicorp Investment Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Barclays, and Chase.
Scipion’s SME trade finance strategy greatly benefits from the firm’s ability to originate opportunities from its deep professional networks, and to leverage its reputation in the region to develop relationships with new clients. Additionally, Scipion’s extensive credit underwriting processes and procedures, as well as investment administration infrastructure, are competitive advantages that enable the firm to effectively manage both the growing demand for short-term trade finance from the region’s SME segment and the return profile required by its investor base, primarily comprised of leading family offices, pension funds, and financial institutions in Europe. Scipion serves as a secondary sub-advisor.
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![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g90u99.jpg)
“Extreme” Diversification
A key aspect of the investment strategy involves reducing portfolio risk through “extreme” diversification, a signature approach that TriLinc Advisors employs that emphasizes the reduction of risks by ensuring we minimize our concentration by investment, asset class, country, and region. This degree of diversification is crucial to managing risk, which TriLinc Advisors analyzes at the portfolio, sub-advisor and individual investment levels. Portfolio level risk mitigation encompasses a variety of factors including: significant diversification (across region, country, asset class, manager, sector/industry, number of investments, duration, average deal size) and portfolio limits (region, country, individual investments), daily portfolio reviews, currency structuring and TriLinc Advisors’ Investment Committee stringent decision process. Extreme diversification is further aided by our use of multiple sub-advisors, which allows diversification by investment styles as well.
Once we completed our offering and are fully invested, specific portfolio concentration limits will include a regional limit of 45%, country limit of 20%, and individual investment limit of 5%. Prior to completing our offering and being fully invested, our portfolio’s regional, country and individual investment concentrations may be outside of these limits. As of March 31, 2016, our portfolio is relatively concentrated, with the top five positions representing approximately 50% of loan outstandings, 76% of which are in agricultural or agricultural-related
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sectors. This level of concentration is expected to decrease as new positions are added over the course of the remainder of the offering. In terms of investment type, approximately 77% is in trade finance transactions, with the balance in term loans. For further discussion of our diversification as of March 31, 2016, see “— Investments.”
As detailed below, we primarily invest in two types of investments: direct loans and trade finance. Our target businesses are expected to be well-run, cash flowing operating companies. Focus is placed on credit-worthy borrowers whose credit and cost of capital are mispriced because of the lack of viable financing alternatives. For Direct SME loans, these businesses are generally established private companies that are in need of capital for expansion, have a demonstrated capability to pay interest during the expected loan period and demonstrate revenue, earnings and cash flow growth to realistically support the borrowing. For trade finance facilities, transactions are short-term, highly collateralized and optimally structured in receivables, inventory and pre-export trade finance.
Investing in Direct SME loans
We provide financing, mainly in the form of senior and other collateralized debt, to SMEs primarily in developing economies. Financing types include, but are not limited to:
| • | | Senior secured loans: Loans with first priority claim over the borrower’s assets and distributions. |
| • | | Secured mezzanine loans: Loans that are secured by pledges of ownership interests, in whole or in part, in operating entities. These loans are junior in the capital structure to a borrower’s accounts payable and senior debt. These loans may also be accompanied by other collateral that serves as security, including letters of credit, personal guarantees, or other hard asset collateral. |
| • | | Acquisition finance and bridge loans: Short-term loans that are used until permanent financing is found or until an existing obligation is removed. |
| • | | Convertible and other hybrid facilities: Credit facilities of various structures that can be converted into common equity, at the holder’s discretion. |
Direct lending to middle market growth companies are structured similar to trade finance and typically have favorable collateral and cash coverage ratios. Legal ownership of collateral is held in collateral trusts in stable jurisdictions. Direct SME loans typically have attractive terms in the form of current cash yield, equity warrants, and heightened security features.
SME loan sizes are generally expected to range from $5,000,000 and $15,000,000, with loan terms of approximately three to five years. Our target businesses are expected to be well-run, cash flowing operating companies. Focus is placed on credit-worthy borrowers whose credit and cost of capital are mispriced because of the lack of viable financing alternatives. Generally, these businesses are established private companies that are in need of capital for expansion, have the capability to pay interest during the expected loan period, and show a trend of revenue, earnings and cash flow growth in their last three years of operations to realistically support the borrowing.
Investing in Trade Finance Assets
We invest in trade finance assets, which are short-term financings provided to importers or exporters in order to facilitate the international trade of goods. The term “trade finance” covers a number of different activities related to managing the risks associated with doing business internationally. Exporters frequently require that importers prepay for goods shipped, while importers frequently require that exporters document that the goods have been shipped. Of the many forms of financing that make up trade finance, we focus predominately on export transactions of three general types:
| • | | Accounts Receivable Financing: A financing structure by which a company is provided with a short-term credit facility using its accounts receivable as collateral. Accounts receivable transactions are extremely short term (usually 90 days or less), due to the very short duration for which accounts receivable are usually outstanding. |
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| • | | Inventory Financing: A form of financing for qualifying products that uses securely stored goods as collateral. Inventory financing allows companies to obtain credit by depositing their inventory in a qualified, third-party supervised warehouse. While still considered short-term financing, because the collateral is still in the exporter’s inventory (and therefore not yet an account receivable), duration is generally slightly longer in nature (usually not more than 180 days, although dependent upon the specific goods). |
| • | | Asset Based Lending: A hybrid financing structure that is a combination of inventory financing and accounts receivable financing, with collateral progressing from inventory to accounts receivable over time, which may also include pre-export financing. Asset based lending tends to have the longest duration of the three main strategies, but duration is still less than one year. |
Export-based trade finance facilities are typically structured to help optimize risk management and are generally collateralized with receivables and inventory at attractive collateral coverage ratios. When applicable, payments are made to U.S. based lockbox collection accounts. Collateral may be held in bonded warehouses or for legal ownership in collateral trusts in stable jurisdictions. Additionally, counterparty banks may provide letters of credit to the importer, exporter or both.
We may also utilize other common trade finance structures such as: letter of credit financing, purchase order financing and import financing.
Our focus and mission within trade finance is to provide financing to SMEs who generally sell to larger and better capitalized buyers. By taking credit ownership of highly collateralized transactions from SME borrowers, and financing the delivery of goods to larger, creditworthy buyers, the fund seeks to realize higher returns with lower risk. Our trade finance strategy pursues a relationship-oriented (repeat financing) and transactional approach (focus on financing over-collateralized transactions vs. balance sheet lending) and utilizes the broad international expertise and local market presence of our trade finance sub-advisor to originate, service and monitor USD-based, short-term credit facilities. Borrowers typically have long standing relationships with our sub-advisor and have demonstrated favorable payment track records. Trade Finance transaction sizes are generally expected to range from $500,000 to $5,000,000, with terms of three to eight months.
Incorporation of ESG and Commitment to Responsible Investing
We have a fiduciary duty to act in the best long-term interests of our investors. Fundamental to this duty is the incorporation of ESG issues into our investment analysis and decision-making processes. ESG issues are not only central to measuring the sustainability and non-financial impacts of an investment, but can have a material impact on the long-term risk and return profile of investment portfolios. The United Nations has stated its belief that ESG issues can affect the financial performance of investments (to varying degrees across companies, sectors, regions, asset classes and through time). A 2015 report by Morgan Stanley’s Institute for Sustainable Investing concluded that “investing in sustainability has usually met, and often exceeded, the performance of comparable traditional investments on both an absolute and a risk-adjusted basis.” Furthermore, a 2013 Harvard Business School study showed that $1 invested in a portfolio composed of “high sustainability” companies (those that voluntarily adopted values-based social and environmental policies) between 1992 and 2010 would have outperformed a control group by 47%. We are committed to following globally accepted ESG standards and seek to invest in businesses that uphold the highest standards of business integrity and operate in accordance with local and international laws and good practices.
Further, we employ the IFC Exclusion List as part of our commitment to supporting sustainable businesses. The IFC has demonstrated leadership in responsible investing, in part by excluding certain types of investments they either make directly or through financial intermediaries. The types of businesses that appear on the IFC Exclusion List, which has been adopted by many fund managers in developing economies, include those that engage in the production of weapons, liquor, tobacco products, radioactive products, unbonded asbestos fibers, or any product or activity deemed illegal under host country laws or international conventions. In addition,
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gambling enterprises, certain types of forestry and fishing, and any enterprise that involves exploitative forms of forced or child labor are prohibited. We believe that adopting this exclusion list supports our mission and leaves us with ample opportunities to make competitive investments.
Additionally, our Sponsor is a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment, or PRI. The PRI, launched in 2006, have over 1,200 signatories from 50 countries, including asset owners, money managers and investment service providers who have pledged to incorporate ESG issues into their investment analysis and ownership policy. As a PRI signatory, our Sponsor is demonstrating a commitment to be responsive to stakeholders, aware and proactive with regard to ESG issues when it comes to fiduciary responsibility, and determination to advance responsible investment. We also recognize that applying these PRI may better align our investment decisions with the broader objectives of society.
Measuring Impact
TriLinc measures and expects to regularly provide accurate and transparent accounting of economic, social and/or environmental impact achieved through our investments. TriLinc’s impact measurement system is utilized with investments to evaluate the progress of borrower companies toward their impact objectives during the life of the investment. The Global Impact Investing Network (“GIIN”) is the leading organization dedicated to increasing the scale and effectiveness of impact investing as well as transparency, credibility and consistency in impact performance reporting. Many impact investment funds, including us, use GIIN’s Impact Reporting and Investment Standards (“IRIS”) guidelines to help communicate their social, environmental, and financial performance using consistent industry terms, definitions and measures. This consistency helps investors review and compare performance for more accurate assessment and comparison, and helps portfolio organizations track and improve their business and social performance. The system leverages technology that has been specifically developed for tracking and analyzing impact and includes full integration of the IRIS metrics. Impact measurement is accomplished through the establishment of initial baseline measurements for both TriLinc core economic development metrics, as well as metrics associated with borrower companies’ stated impact objectives. These baseline measurements are compared against future measurements in order to track incremental progress. In addition to furthering TriLinc’s economic development impact objectives, we believe our investments are having a positive effect on borrower companies’ ability to make progress toward their stated impact objectives(s).
Our Investment Process
The investment process that we follow in providing capital to SMEs is illustrated by the chart below.
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g81z14.jpg)
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TriLinc Advisors has engaged in an extensive search for leading providers of SME finance to serve as our sub-advisors in our target regions, and has chosen those with solid track records, deep experience in target geographies and asset classes, and a commitment to sustainable business principles. Sub-advisors work closely with borrowers to maximize the probability of achieving our financial and impact objectives. Beyond the process followed for specific investments, TriLinc Advisors closely monitors the portfolio of investments to help anticipate problems and mitigate risk.
Investment Origination and Participation
We seek to originate debt investments in private companies that have a proven business model, stable management, and opportunity for growth. In certain cases where we are not able to directly originate debt investments, we may make investments via participation agreements with direct lenders to the borrower. As of December 31, 2015, 94.6% of our investment portfolio consisted of participations in loans. For Direct SME loans we do not target new or start-up businesses, but rather those which have been operating for at least three years with proven profitability and stable revenues (Figure 9). Trade financing is provided to companies with a diversified group of credit-worthy trade counterparties, strong cash flow, and robust monitoring and inventory systems.
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g90c02.jpg)
Our sub-advisors identify attractive opportunities through their extensive local networks. With most of our sub-advisors active in their region for a decade or more, their local networks include current borrowers, other investors, local business groups, government officials, investment advisors, banks, and lawyers which allow them to identify opportunities where there is frequently little or no competition from other investors. Potential borrowers submit initial paperwork and financial statements to the relevant sub-advisor, with the type and size of financing needed, the intended use of capital, and collateral to be used among the details provided.
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Evaluation
Due Diligence. Each sub-advisor engages in comprehensive due diligence to determine if the potential financing meets the basic criteria defined by TriLinc Advisors. Each sub-advisor has unique guidelines for investment based on their specific region and asset class, but all incorporate components of the following areas:
| • | | A full analysis of the borrower’s business model and operating history, with an eye specifically toward the viability of projected cash flows and potential market and industry risks; |
| • | | Detailed consideration of regulatory, tax and legal issues relating to the borrower’s industry; |
| • | | Diligence and background checks on the borrower and management; |
| • | | Consideration of historical and projected cash flows; |
| • | | For Direct SME loans, the borrower’s ability to service all obligations (including our potential investment) without violating standard covenants; |
| • | | For trade finance, additional focus on creditworthiness of trade counterparties, warehouse systems, letters of credit and insurance. |
ESG Screening. All borrowers must pass an ESG screen of their business practices. The screen includes an exclusion of those businesses detailed in the IFC Exclusion List, a basic screen to ensure that the borrower company is operating in compliance with local laws and an initial assessment of the company’s commitment to ESG practices. Companies that do not pass this screen are not eligible for our funding.
Impact Screening. As part of the loan application process, borrower companies must indicate a willingness and ability to create, track and report on the economic, social and/or environmental impact of their business. All borrower companies must indicate a specific impact objective or objectives that match their business sector, model and goals. Examples of specific impact objectives include access to health care, pollution prevention and access to clean water. Additionally, borrowers are required to track metrics associated with our core economic development impact objectives of employment growth, revenue growth, wage growth, profitability improvement, and increased company taxes.
Execution
Approval. After completing the evaluation of the investment opportunity, the sub-advisor prepares an investment memorandum with a formal recommendation which it advances to its investment committee. As part of the investment process, sub-advisor investment committees consider whether the proposed investment meets the basic criteria set forth by our Advisor, presents a favorable risk/return tradeoff, and contributes to a diversified portfolio.
Individual investments that exceed $25 million must be approved by our Advisor’s Investment Committee, which consists of the Chief Executive Officer and President, Chief Investment Officer, Investment Officer (s), Director of Operations and Compliance, Director of Marketing and Impact, and Head of Credit of our Advisor. The relevant investment must be presented by a representative of the originating sub-advisor, with supporting documentation from the investment due diligence and discussion summary from the sub-advisor investment committee. These investments must be approved unanimously.
Baseline Impact Assessment. At or around the time a loan is funded, a baseline impact assessment is completed. This includes collection of our core impact metrics, as well as borrower company impact objective-specific metrics. This data is used to measure a borrower’s progress from the time of funding forward.
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Monitoring
Portfolio Monitoring. After an investment is approved and funded, it is monitored by our Advisor and the sub-advisor. Sub-advisors are responsible for maintaining regular contact with the borrower, collecting regular financial statements, and processing principal and interest payments. Using their local teams, sub-advisors monitor loan covenants and local market trends as part of their normal loan servicing and observation. At least once a quarter, TriLinc Advisors holds a performance monitoring call with each sub-advisor, reviewing the performance of each outstanding loan. In addition, TriLinc Advisors monitors the global portfolio at a macro level, considering macroeconomic variables, political conditions, and insight from our global network of contacts. Frequent contact between TriLinc Advisors and sub-advisors combine analysis of both loan-specific performance and macroeconomic trends. Between the activities of TriLinc Advisors and its sub-advisors, best efforts are made to anticipate investment problems before they happen and proactively work out a solution that maximizes unitholder return.
Impact Monitoring. On an annual basis, an updating assessment is completed. This includes collection of our core impact metrics and borrower company impact objective-specific metrics. Annual assurance of impact metrics data is completed by an independent, third party provider. In February 2015, we engaged Moss Adams LLP, with the approval of our Audit Committee, to perform an independent review of certain impact data for fiscal years 2013 – 2014. In April 2016, we will engage Moss Adams LLP again to review the 2015 impact data. Independently reviewed impact data will be reported once the Company reaches a statistically significant sample of borrower companies. We utilize our proprietary TriLinc Impact Management Engine (“TIME”) system, which incorporates many of the leading impact industry standards to help analyze, measure and report on the ongoing impact of our investments.
Overview of Impact Process
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g69k08.jpg)
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Valuations
Our valuation procedures are performed in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820,Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value. As defined in ASC 820, fair value is the price that would be received when selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
ASC 820 establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability of inputs used in measuring investments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment. Investments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide disclosures on fair value measurements according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the observability of the inputs used to determine fair values. Investments carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
| • | | Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. |
| • | | Level 2 — Valuations based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable. |
| • | | Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and where there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. The inputs for the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation and is based upon management’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These investments include debt and equity investments in private companies or assets valued using the market or income approach and may involve pricing models whose inputs require significant judgment or estimation because of the absence of any meaningful current market data for identical or similar investments. The inputs in these valuations may include, but are not limited to, capitalization and discount rates, and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples. The information may also include pricing information or broker quotes that include a disclaimer that the broker would not be held to such a price in an actual transaction. Certain investments may be valued based upon estimated value of underlying collateral, and include adjustments deemed necessary for estimates of costs to obtain control and liquidate available collateral. The non-binding nature of consensus pricing and/or quotes accompanied by disclaimer would result in classification as Level 3 information, assuming no additional corroborating evidence. |
Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at those quotations. Most of our investments are private investments in companies whose securities are not actively traded in the market and for which quotations will not be available. For those investments for which market quotations are not readily available or when such market quotations are deemed by TriLinc Advisors not to represent fair value, our board of managers has approved a multi-step valuation process to be followed each fiscal quarter, as described below:
| 1. | Each investment is valued by TriLinc Advisors in collaboration with the relevant sub-advisor; |
| 2. | For all investments with a maturity of greater than 12 months, we have engaged Duff & Phelps, LLC to conduct a review on the reasonableness of our internal estimates of fair value on each asset on a quarterly rotating basis, with each of such investments being reviewed at least annually, and provide an opinion that TriLinc Advisor’s estimate of fair value for each investment is reasonable; |
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| 3. | The audit committee of our board of managers reviews and discusses the preliminary valuation prepared by TriLinc Advisors and any opinion rendered by Duff & Phelps; and |
| 4. | Our board of managers discusses the valuations and determines the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith based on the input of TriLinc Advisors, Duff & Phelps and the audit committee. Our board of managers is ultimately responsible for the determination, in good faith, of the fair value of each investment. |
Determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates. Below is a description of factors that our board of managers may consider when valuing our investments.
Fixed income investments are typically valued utilizing a market approach, an income approach, or both approaches, as appropriate. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities (including the sale of a business). The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts (for example, interest and principal payments) to a single present value amount (discounted) calculated based on an appropriate discount rate. The measurement is based on the net present value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. In following these approaches, the types of factors that we may take into account in valuing our investments include, as applicable: available current market data, including relevant and applicable market trading and transaction comparables, applicable market yields and multiples, security covenants, call protection provisions, information rights, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the borrower’s ability to make payments, its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the company does business, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public, the principal market for the borrower’s securities and an estimate of the borrower’s enterprise value, among other factors.
Equity interests in portfolio companies for which there is no liquid public market are valued at fair value. The board of managers, in its analysis of fair value, may consider various factors, such as multiples of EBITDA, cash flows, net income, revenues or in limited instances book value or liquidation value. All of these factors may be subject to adjustments based upon the particular circumstances of a portfolio company or our actual investment position. For example, adjustments to EBITDA may take into account compensation to previous owners or the effects of acquisitions, recapitalizations, restructurings or other similar items.
We may also look to private merger and acquisition statistics, public trading multiples discounted for illiquidity and other factors, valuations implied by third-party investments in the portfolio companies or industry practices in determining fair value. We may also consider the size and scope of a portfolio company and its specific strengths and weaknesses, as well as any other factors we deem relevant in measuring the fair values of our investments.
To the extent in the future, in connection with our quarterly net asset valuations, we use any valuation approach not described above, we will include a description of such valuation approach in an applicable prospectus supplement or an amendment to the registration statement.
Exit
Our investments are generally self-liquidating, through the scheduled principal repayment from the borrower or payment by the importer in a trade finance transaction. Certain investments may carry equity warrants on borrowers, which allow us to buy shares of the portfolio company at a given price, which TriLinc Advisors will exercise at its discretion during the life of the Company. With respect to debt investments, we may determine to refinance them prior to the maturity date and/or allow prepayment from the borrower with or without penalty.
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Risk Mitigation
Beyond the process followed for specific investments, TriLinc Advisors closely monitors the portfolio of investments to help anticipate problems and mitigate risk. This risk analysis approaches risk at multiple levels, including the portfolio level, sub-advisor level, and investment level.
Portfolio Level. A primary mitigation tool that TriLinc Advisors aims to employ is “extreme” diversification, which diversifies the portfolio across region, country, asset class, manager, sector/industry, number of investments, duration and average deal size, applying concentration limits for exposures to regions, countries and individual investments. TriLinc Advisors also uses its global network to obtain local market intelligence, and seeks to partner with local and multilateral government institutions in areas such as loan guarantees, political risk insurance and other programs. We do not make any investments in countries where investment is prohibited by the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Sub-Advisor Level. Sub-advisor level risk mitigation is accomplished through the use and rigorous due diligence of multiple sub-advisors, semi-annual site visits and annual audits, and TriLinc Advisors’ investment team involvement on individual sub-advisor investment committees, or more stringent oversight processes, as appropriate. Multiple managers are used to diversify the portfolio by investment style, and TriLinc Advisors participates on the investment committee of each sub-advisor to monitor adherence to credit processes. TriLinc Advisors requires that sub-advisors certify their compliance with any applicable Anti-Money Laundering and Know-Your-Customer procedures.
Investment Level. Sub-advisors are responsible for maintaining regular contact with borrower company management and making on-site visits, structuring deal covenants with favorable information rights and re-examining and updating all deal investment memoranda annually. Sub-advisors are in frequent contact with TriLinc Advisors personnel to relay pertinent investment information, and company financial statements will be updated regularly and kept by both TriLinc Advisors and the relevant sub-advisor. Additionally, incorporating ESG analysis into our due diligence and monitoring processes adds a layer of risk mitigation by actively identifying companies whose business practices do not meet accepted global standards.
Financing Strategy
We may opt to supplement our equity capital and increase potential returns to our unitholders through the use of prudent levels of borrowings from either commercial financial institutions, DFIs, or the issuance of debt securities. We may use debt when the available terms and conditions are favorable to long-term investing and well-aligned with our investment strategy and portfolio composition. In determining whether to borrow money, we seek to optimize maturity, covenant packages and rate structures. Most importantly, the risks of borrowing or the issuance of debt securities within the context of our investment outlook and the impact on our investment portfolio are extensively analyzed in making this determination.
Hedging Activities
As of March 31, 2016, all of our investments are denominated in U.S. dollars and we anticipate that our investments will continue to be denominated in U.S. dollars. However, when exposed to foreign currencies, we will seek to hedge the exposure when prudent and cost-effective. These hedging activities may include the use of derivatives, swaps, or other financial products to hedge our interest rate or currency risk.
Investment Company Act Considerations
We conduct our operations so that we and our subsidiaries, if any, qualify for an exemption under, or otherwise are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds
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itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. Government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. Excluded from the term “investment securities,” among other things, are U.S. Government securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
We conduct our business primarily through our direct and indirect wholly- and majority-owned subsidiaries, including foreign subsidiaries, who are established to carry out specific activities. Although we reserve the right to modify our business methods at any time, the focus of our business currently involves providing loans and other financing of the nature described in this prospectus. We conduct our operations so that they comply with the limit imposed by the 40% test and we do not hold ourselves out as being engaged primarily, or actually engage, in the business of investing in securities. Therefore, we have not been nor do we expect that we will be subject to registration or regulation as an investment company of any kind (including, without limitation, a face-amount certificate company, unit investment trust, open-end or closed-end company or a management company electing to be treated as a business development company) under the Investment Company Act. The securities issued to us by our wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, which subsidiaries will be neither investment companies nor companies exempt under Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, will not be investment securities for the purpose of this 40% test.
One or more of our subsidiaries may seek to qualify for an exception or exemption from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act pursuant to other provisions of the Investment Company Act, such as Sections 3(c)(5)(A) which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring notes, drafts, acceptances, open accounts receivable, and other obligations representing part or all of the sales price of merchandise, insurance and services” and Section 3(c)(5)(B) which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of making loans to manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers of, and to prospective purchasers of, specified merchandise, insurance and services.” Each of these exemptions generally requires that at least 55% of such subsidiary’s assets be invested in eligible loans and receivables. To qualify for either of the foregoing exemptions, the subsidiary is required to comply with interpretations issued by the staff of the SEC that govern the respective activities.
We monitor our holdings and those of our subsidiaries to ensure continuing and ongoing compliance with these and/or other applicable tests, and we are responsible for making the determinations and calculations required to confirm our compliance with tests. If the SEC does not agree with our determinations, we may be required to adjust our activities and/or those of our subsidiaries.
Qualification for these or other exceptions or exemptions could affect our ability to originate, participate in or hold fixed-income assets, or could require us to dispose of investments that we might prefer to retain in order to remain qualified for such exemptions. Changes in current policies by the SEC and its staff could also require that we alter our business activities for this purpose. For a discussion of certain risks associated with the Investment Company Act, please see “Risk Factors.”
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Investments
Overview
Since the Company commenced operations and through March 31, 2016, the Company has funded $274.3 million in aggregate investments, including $23 million in temporary investments.1 Of the aggregate investment amount, the Company has received $139.8 million in full aggregate transaction repayments from existing and exited trade finance, term loan, and temporary investment facilities. Of the aggregate transaction repayment amount, approximately $63.9 million represents transactions of trade finance, term loan, and temporary investment facilities that are closed and no longer part of the Company’s portfolio.
Approximately 48% of the Company’s investment portfolio is in Latin America, 42% in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 10% in Southeast Asia. The investment portfolio is relatively concentrated, with the top five positions representing approximately 50% of loan outstandings, 76% of which are in agricultural or agricultural-related sectors. This level of concentration is expected to decrease as new positions are added throughout the remainder of the offering period. Approximately 77% of the investment portfolio is in trade finance transactions, with the balance in term loans. The weighted average yield of the portfolio is 12.22%, and the weighted average duration of the portfolio is just under 0.68 years.
As of March 31, 2016, the Company had the following investments:
Investment Portfolio
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Description | | Sector | | Country | | Investment Type | | Maturity1 | | | Interest Rate2 | | | Total Loan Commitment3 | | | Total Amount Outstanding4 | | | Primary Impact Objective |
Agriculture Distributor5 | | Farm-Product Raw Materials | | Argentina | | Trade Finance | | | 9/30/2016 | | | | 9.00 | % | | $ | 15,000,000 | | | $ | 15,000,000 | | | Job Creation |
Agricultural Products Exporter II | | Farm-Product Raw Materials | | Singapore | | Trade Finance | | | 5/21/2016 | | | | 11.67 | % | | $ | 10,000,000 | | | $ | 10,000,000 | | | N/A6 |
Agricultural Supplies Distributor II | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 5/30/2016 | | | | 10.38 | % | | $ | 10,000,000 | | | $ | 2,027,789 | | | Job Creation |
Beef Exporter7 | | Meat Products | | Argentina | | Trade Finance | | | 4/30/2016 | | | | 11.98 | % | | $ | 9,000,000 | | | $ | 9,000,000 | | | Job Creation |
Chia Seed Exporter | | Field Crops, Except Cash Grains | | Chile | | Trade Finance | | | 12/11/2016 | | | | 11.50 | % | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | $ | 1,900,000 | | | Agricultural Productivity |
Construction Materials Distributor | | Hardware, Plumbing, and Heating Equipment | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 7/1/2015 | 8 | | | 12.75 | % | | $ | 750,000 | | | $ | 167,355 | | | Job Creation |
Consumer Goods Distributor | | Groceries and Related Products | | Namibia | | Trade Finance | | | 3/3/2016 | | | | 12.00 | % | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | $ | 1,000,000 | | | Job Creation |
Dairy Co-Operative9 | | Dairy Products | | Argentina | | Trade Finance | | | 3/31/2016 | | | | 10.90 | % | | $ | 6,000,000 | | | $ | 6,000,000 | | | Job Creation |
Diaper Manufacturer | | Converted Paper and Paperboard Products | | Peru | | Term Loan | | | 6/15/2017 | | | | 14.48 | %10 | | $ | 3,700,000 | | | $ | 3,500,000 | | | Job Creation |
1 | For certain presentation purposes, the Company had previously separated its investments into portfolio investments and “short term” investments. “Short-term investments” included investments that generally meet the standard underwriting guidelines for trade finance and term loan transactions and that also have the following characteristics: (1) maturity of less than one year, (2) loans to borrowers to whom, at the time of funding, the Company does not expect to re-lend. The Company has now determined to present all of its trade finance and term loan investments, including those previously defined as “short-term investments,” as part of the overall portfolio. Impact data is not and will continue not to be tracked for these types of investments. The Company has also determined to create a separate category for “temporary investments,” which it defines as short-term investments that are not trade finance or term loan transactions that generally expire within one year, are intended to generate a higher yield than would be realized on cash and may be unsecured positions. The temporary investments that are unsecured positions may present a higher level of risk. |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | | Sector | | Country | | Investment Type | | Maturity1 | | | Interest Rate2 | | | Total Loan Commitment3 | | | Total Amount Outstanding4 | | | Primary Impact Objective |
Electronics Assembler | | Communications Equipment | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 7/27/2016 | | | | 13.00 | % | | $ | 11,000,000 | | | $ | 3,728,340 | | | Job Creation |
Farm Supplies Distributor | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods | | Zambia | | Trade Finance | | | 5/3/2016 | | | | 12.43 | % | | $ | 10,000,000 | | | $ | 5,078,526 | | | Job Creation |
Fish Processor & Exporter | | Commercial Fishing | | Ecuador | | Trade Finance | | | 6/19/2016 | | | | 9.00 | % | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | $ | 1,462,700 | | | Job Creation |
Fruit & Nut Distributor | | Groceries and Related Products | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 5/22/2015 | 11 | | | 17.50 | % | | $ | 1,250,000 | | | $ | 667,838 | | | Job Creation |
Integrated Steel Producer | | Steel Works, Blast Furnaces, and Rolling and Finishing Mills | | Zambia | | Trade Finance | | | 8/13/2016 | | | | 13.00 | % | | $ | 6,000,000 | | | $ | 6,000,000 | | | Job Creation |
IT Service Provider | | Computer Programming and Data Processing | | Brazil | | Term Loan | | | 10/31/2019 | | | | 13.50 | % | | $ | 14,000,000 | | | $ | 5,296,274 | | | Job Creation |
Marine Logistics Provider | | Services Incidental to Water Transportation | | Nigeria | | Term Loan | | | 9/16/2020 | | | | 15.59 | %12 | | $ | 16,050,000 | | | $ | 12,956,833 | | | Capacity-Building |
Meat Processor | | Meat Products | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 12/15/2015 | | | | 14.50 | % | | $ | 2,800,000 | | | $ | 600,000 | | | Job Creation |
Mine Remediation Company | | Metal Mining Services | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 8/15/2016 | | | | 17.50 | % | | $ | 2,500,000 | | | $ | 2,500,000 | | | Job Creation |
Oilseed Distributor | | Fats and Oils | | Argentina | | Trade Finance | | | 3/1/2016 | | | | 8.89 | % | | $ | 5,100,000 | | | $ | 5,100,000 | | | Job Creation |
Power Producer | | Electric Services | | Ghana | | Trade Finance | | | 3/10/2017 | | | | 11.50 | % | | $ | 7,000,000 | | | $ | 6,000,000 | | | Access to Energy |
Rice Importer | | Farm-Product Raw Materials | | Kenya | | Trade Finance | | | 5/15/2016 | | | | 11.62 | %13 | | $ | 1,000,000 | | | $ | 24,470 | | | Food Security |
Rice Producer | | Cash Grains | | Tanzania | | Trade Finance | | | 10/26/2015 | 14 | | | 11.50 | % | | $ | 3,900,000 | | | $ | 3,900,000 | | | Job Creation |
Sesame Seed Exporter | | Farm-Product Raw Materials | | Guatemala | | Trade Finance | | | 3/31/2016 | | | | 12.00 | % | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | $ | 1,000,000 | | | Agricultural Productivity |
Sugar Producer | | Field Crops, Except Cash Grains | | Brazil | | Term Loan | | | 5/15/2017 | | | | 17.43 | %15 | | $ | 3,000,000 | | | $ | 3,000,000 | | | Capacity-Building |
Textile Distributor | | Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 5/28/2016 | | | | 15.00 | % | | $ | 2,500,000 | | | $ | 280,181 | | | Job Creation |
Investment Portfolio Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 148,550,000 | | | $ | 106,190,306 | | | |
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Temporary Investments16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agricultural Products Exporter II | | Farm-Product Raw Materials | | Singapore | | Bridge Loan | | | 5/21/2016 | | | | 11.67 | % | | $ | 5,000,000 | | | $ | 5,000,000 | | | N/A |
Financial Services Provider II | | Miscellaneous Business Credit Institutions | | Mauritius | | Promissory Note | | | 5/21/2016 | | | | 12.00 | % | | $ | 15,000,000 | | | $ | 15,000,000 | | | N/A |
Temporary Investments Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 20,000,000 | | | $ | 20,000,000 | | | |
Investment Portfolio and Temporary Investments Totals | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 168,550,000 | | | $ | 126,190,306 | | | |
1 | The Company’s trade finance borrowers may be granted flexibility with respect to repayment relative to the stated maturity date to accommodate specific contracts and/or business cycle characteristics. This flexibility in each case is agreed upon between the Company and the sub-advisor and between the sub-advisor and the borrower. |
2 | Interest rates are as of March 31, 2016 and, where applicable, are weighted averages amongst multiple transactions. Interest rates include contractual rates and accrued fees where applicable. |
3 | The total loan commitment represents the maximum amount that can be borrowed under the agreement. The actual amount drawn on the loan by the borrower may change over time. Loan commitments are subject to availability of funds and do not represent a contractual obligation to provide funds to a borrower. |
4 | The total amount outstanding represents the actual amount borrowed under the loan as of March 31, 2016. In some instances where there is a $0 balance, the borrower may have paid back the original amount borrowed under a trade finance facility and under an agreement, may borrow again. |
5 | For companies based in Argentina, the Company provides export finance, where the buyer is typically a developed market company or a large conglomerate. In the case of the Agricultural Distributor, all transactions are secured by the assignment of purchase contracts and receivables with a collateral coverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.2x. Established in 1977, the Agricultural Distributor has 93 branch locations and works with over 13,000 individual agricultural producers across the country. The borrower contributes a portion of its business activity to various non-profit organizations that serve to develop, promote and implement farming |
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| practices with a focus on environmental and social advancement. The borrower also works to equip its producers with the latest in logistical and technological equipment to promote efficiencies and further the overall production process. |
6 | Impact data is not tracked for this investment. The Company does not track impact data for trade finance transactions that meet standard underwriting guidelines, but generally have the maturity of less than one year and involve borrowers with whom, at the time of funding, the Company does not expect to maintain an ongoing lending relationship or otherwise provide an open loan facility. |
7 | The Beef Exporter produces and processes meat products for domestic consumption and export. The one-year facility is secured by certain purchase contracts. Founded in the late 1950’s by a group of Argentine ranchers to establish a regional beef packing plant, the borrower offers ranchers technical assistance in cattle health and nutrition, organic beef production and land management. It adheres to international quality and safety meat processing standards and incorporates energy savings, waste reduction and water conservation practices into its operations. The borrower anticipates that Company financing will allow it to create new jobs and support the country’s economic development through increased exports, largely to European buyers. |
8 | The position is set to be repaid in full on April 1, 2016. |
9 | The Dairy Co-Operative anticipates that the Company’s financing will support economic growth through job creation, increased exports and increased agricultural productivity. The borrower was founded in 1938 with the aim of allowing cooperatives to jointly market the butter they produced. Today, it offers support throughout the value chain, such as financial consulting, environmental training and technical assistance for its dairy farmers, marketing training for its distribution channels, and technical advice for its suppliers. In addition, the borrower has implemented globally-recognized socially responsible and sustainable practices, including Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and ISO 26000, a guide on socially responsible and holistic approaches to management. The borrower adheres to the UN Global Compact, a policy initiative for businesses committed to aligning their operations and strategies with 10 universally accepted principles in the area of human rights, labor, environment and anti-corruption. |
10 | The interest rate includes a variable rate of one month Libor + 10.00% and 2.50% of deferred interest. |
11 | The Company, together with its Sub-Advisor, have agreed to extend the principal maturity date to facilitate the strategic sale of the Fruit & Nut Distributor on or before April 30, 2016. |
12 | The interest rate is a variable rate of one month Libor +10.5% plus 4.68% in deferred fixed interest. |
13 | The interest rate is a variable rate of three month Libor + 11.00%. |
14 | The position is set to be repaid in full on April 1, 2016. |
15 | The interest rate includes 5.00% of penalty interest because the borrower has missed making required interest payments. On August 27, 2015, the Company was informed that the borrower had filed for judicial recuperation with the local court in Brazil. An initial repayment plan was presented and published on January 19, 2016 and has been reviewed with the Company. Negotiations are ongoing in line with this plan and the judicial process. |
16 | Temporary investments are defined as short-term investments that are not trade finance or term loan transactions that generally expire within one year, are intended to generate a higher yield than would be realized on cash and may be unsecured positions. The temporary investments that are unsecured positions may present a higher level of risk. |
Prodesa Restructuring
During 2014, the Company restructured two loans with one of its borrowers, Corporacion Prodesa S.R.L. (“Prodesa”). As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s investment in Prodesa is comprised of two senior secured term loan participations with an aggregate balance of $2,750,000 and a $500,000 senior secured purchase order revolving credit facility with a balance of $190,000. Prodesa did not timely make the payments that were due in March and April 2015 under the two loans due to economic difficulties. The Company has been working with Prodesa to remedy the default and bring the loans to a current status. On May 6, 2015, the Company entered into a short term forbearance agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”) with Prodesa to provide Prodesa with temporary loan payment relief while a longer term plan is negotiated. Under the terms of the Forbearance Agreement, the Company agreed to accept partial interest payments, amounting to 50% of the required interest
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payments, for the months of March 2015 to December 2015. The unpaid interest will be included as part of the longer term plan. Through October 2015, Prodesa had made all interest payments required under the Forbearance Agreement. Interest payments for the months subsequent to October 2015 have not been made by Prodesa due to Prodesa being placed into bankruptcy in November 2015 as described further below. The Company expects that Prodesa will start making interest payments again once Prodesa exits the bankruptcy process. Accordingly, the Company is still accruing interest, which amounted to approximately $288,500 as of December 31, 2015, on the Prodesa loans. The Company has estimated the fair value of the Prodesa loans as of December 31, 2015 at $2,940,000 based on a collateral valuation approach as further described in Note 4.
During 2015, Prodesa underwent a change in ownership. Through the month of September 2015, the new ownership had injected over $830,000 in Prodesa for working capital purposes. The Company has been working with Prodesa to re-align its operations and, on October 5, 2015, the Company funded a $400,000 senior secured purchase order revolving credit facility to Prodesa. The purchase order facility is secured by specific purchase orders from customers of Prodesa, as well as pledges of additional unencumbered assets and all shares of Prodesa. On November 6, 2015, Prodesa paid back to the Company the entire $400,000 and related interest owed under the purchase order facility. On November 20, 2015, the Company funded a second draw under the purchase order facility in the amount of $190,000.
On November 23, 2015, Prodesa was placed into bankruptcy by the Peruvian bankruptcy authority. At the end of August 2015, a supplier of Prodesa had filed an unpaid payable claim for just over $141,000 with the authority. While Prodesa’s management responded to the filing with a proposal to pay the claim off in full by December 2015, Prodesa’s counsel did not follow the necessary filing protocol. Unknown to management, this failure triggered Prodesa being placed into bankruptcy by INDECOPI. Prodesa’s counsel has since been replaced. Since the filing, the Company, together with counsel, has worked in close consort with other key creditors of Prodesa, as well as management, to ensure that this filing would not impair Prodesa’s operations. All key creditors and vendors have agreed to continue to support Prodesa as usual and the initial $141,000 claim has been settled in full. Prodesa is expected to exit the bankruptcy process by the end of April 2016.
During the filing Prodesa launched a new adult product line in response to demand from key customers that has generated over $600,000 to date in new orders. Prodesa’s key sales and distribution channels have also attracted the attention of potential buyers and partners. Initial discussions have commenced with these parties; however, negotiations will only proceed in earnest once Prodesa formally exits the bankruptcy process at the end of April 2016.
Usivale
In May 2015, one of the Company’s borrowers, Usivale Industria E Commercio (“Usivale”), notified the Company that it would be unable to make its monthly interest payment for May 2015 and requested the deferment of interest payments until October 2015. Usivale is a sugar producer located in Brazil that has been in business since 1958. Usivale’s business is highly cyclical and it generates the majority of its revenues during the first and fourth quarters of any calendar year. In accordance with the terms of the loans, with an aggregate principal balance of $3,000,000 as of December 31, 2015, the Company originally increased the annual interest rate charged Usivale from 12.43% to 17.43%. However, as of December 31, 2015, the Company has placed Usivale on non-accrual status effective August 27, 2015, the date of the judicial recovery filing which is described further below. Interest not recorded relative to the original terms of the Usivale loans amounted to approximately $184,500 for the period from August 27, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The Company has estimated the fair value of the Usivale loans as of December 31, 2015 at $2,681,576, based on a discounted cash flow analysis (income approach), and recorded an unrealized depreciation of $318,424 in its Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015.
On August 27, 2015, Usivale filed for judicial recuperation or recovery (the “Filing”) with the local court in Brazil. The Filing was led by the ongoing pricing pressure within the sugar market, leading up to the material
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drop in the month of August, when prices reached a seven year low. The Filing provided for a 180 day “standstill” period relative to any claim for payment by Usivale’s creditors. During this period, Usivale was permitted to operate as usual, but was required to develop and present a recovery plan to its creditors to allow it to emerge from judicial recovery. Usivale submitted an initial plan to the judicial court for review at the end of November 2015, which was published by the court on January 19, 2016. Creditors had 30 days to review and either approve or reject the plan. As the only secured creditor within the greater credit group, the Company’s acceptance of any plan is required. On February 17, 2016, the Company filed a rejection of the plan presented by Usivale. In accordance with the judicial recovery process, a general assembly of Usivale’s creditors will next be convened by the court. No date for such general assembly has been set at this time. If an alternative plan cannot be agreed upon, the court can convert a judicial recovery procedure into a formal liquidation. In the event that Usivale is forced into liquidation, a court-appointed trustee would be charged with selling Usivale’s assets and distribute the resulting proceeds to creditors in the order of priority. After employee claims of approximately $955,000, the Company, as the only secured creditor, would be next in line in terms of recovery proceeds.
Since the initial judicial filing in August 2015, the Company has been in active discussions with Usivale’s management. Representatives of the Company met with Usivale’s management at the end of October 2015, in November 2015 and again in February 2016. The purpose of these discussions and meetings has been to engage Usivale directly and attempt to reach a solution on the Company’s loans to Usivale. In conjunction with these efforts, on March 2, 2016, the Company filed legal action against the personal guarantees of the principals of Usivale. While the full value of these guarantees is still being assessed, it is important to emphasize that the Company’s filing against these guarantees is separate to and outside of the judicial recovery process. Our management believes that we will ultimately collect on the full amount of principal and interest recorded at December 31, 2015 due to the Company being the only senior secured creditor and its claim against the personal guarantees.
Fruit and Nut Distributor
The Company has a trade finance participation with a fruit and nut distributor (“the Distributor”) located in South Africa, with a principal balance outstanding of $667,848 of as December 31, 2015. The Distributor trade finance has a stated maturity date of May 22, 2015, which the Company agreed to extend. The Distributor has made partial payments of principal during 2015 (the original loan from the Company to the Distributor was for $1,250,000), with the most recent payment being made on October 27, 2015. The Company has continued to accrue interest on this investment position through December 31, 2015. Through the latter part of 2015, the depreciation in the South African Rand has proven to be problematic for the Distributor given that it has to purchase its inventory in U.S. Dollars and then sells in South African Rand. This situation has led the Distributor to experience some cash flow difficulties and operating losses. As of December 31, 2015, the Company, together with its sub-advisor, have agreed to extend further the principal maturity date to facilitate the strategic sale of the Distributor. Based on the information available to the Company and according to its valuation policies, the Company has determined that no adjustment to the Company’s investment in the Distributor is needed at December 31, 2015.
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Certain Portfolio Characteristics1
Below is an informational overview of our investment portfolio, including certain financial and non-financial data, as of March 31, 2016.
| | |
Total Assets (est.) | | $168,500,000 |
Current Loan Commitments | | $148,550,000 |
Leverage | | 0% |
Weighted Average Portfolio Loan Size | | $4,546,999 |
Weighted Average Portfolio Duration2 | | 0.68 years |
Weighted Average Position Yield | | 12.22% |
Average Collateral Coverage Ratio | | 1.45x |
USD Denominated | | 100% |
Senior Secured First-Lien | | 100% |
Countries3 | | 14 |
Sectors3 | | 18 |
Top Five Investments by Percentage of Total Assets (est.) as of March 31, 2016:2
| | | | | | | | |
Company Description | | | Location | | | | % of Total Assets (est.) | |
Agriculture Distributor | | | Argentina | | | | 8.9 | % |
Marine Logistics Provider | | | Nigeria | | | | 7.7 | % |
Agricultural Products Exporter II | | | Singapore | | | | 5.9 | % |
Beef Exporter | | | Argentina | | | | 5.3 | % |
Power Producer | | | Ghana | | | | 3.6 | % |
Portfolio diversification by Percentage of Total Outstanding Amount as of March 31, 2016:
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g16g20.jpg)
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1 | All information provided in this section, with the exception of the Total Asset (est.) figure, does not include the Company’s temporary investment commitments such as the promissory note from the Mauritian Financial Services Provider and the bridge loan from the Singaporean Agricultural Products Exporter comprising 11.9% and 4.0%, respectively, of all the investments currently held by the Company. The promissory note from the Mauritian Financial Services Provider is an unsecured position. |
2 | This represents all countries/sectors where the Company currently has a loan commitment other than through a temporary investment. Due to the revolving debt nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of funding, it is possible that certain commitments currently have a zero outstanding balance and would therefore not be represented in the country/sector allocation charts, which represents invested capital. |
3 | The above charts represent investment type, developing economy, and sector diversification as a percentage of the total amount outstanding of the Company’s investments other than the Company’s temporary investments. The Company’s temporary investments include the promissory note from the Mauritian Financial Services Provider and the bridge loan from the Singaporean Agricultural Products Exporter comprising 11.9% and 4.0%, respectively, of all the investments currently held by the Company. |
Impact Overview1
Impact Overview as of March 31, 2016
The Company’s borrower companies currently employ a total of 12,448 employees
| | | | |
Percentage of the Borrowers that: | |
Comply with local environmental, labor, health, safety and business laws, standards and regulations | | | 100 | % |
Demonstrate their positive impact on the community through community service and/or community donations | | | 92 | % |
Commit to working towards implementing international environmental and health and safety best practices | | | 100 | % |
Implement environmentally sustainable practices including energy savings, waste reduction and/or water conservation | | | 79 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Top 5 Borrower Impact Objectives | | | | | | | Top 5 Borrower Environmental and Social Practices |
1. | | Job Creation | | | 81% | | | | 1. | | | Charitable Donations |
2. | | Agricultural Productivity & Food Security | | | 27% | | | | 2. | | | Fair Hiring and Recruiting |
3. | | Capacity-Building | | | 12% | | | | 3. | | | Maternity/Paternity Leave |
4. | | Equality and Empowerment | | | 8% | | | | 4. | | | Waste Reduction |
5. | | Wage Increase | | | 8% | | | | 5. | | | Energy Savings |
1 | All information provided in this section does not include the Company’s temporary investments or other investments for which impact is not tracked. |
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Investment Spotlights
The following are highlights from selected borrowers that have received financing from the Company as of March 31, 2016.
Agricultural Supplies Distributor II
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Inventory Financing |
Facility Amount1 | | $10,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 10.38% |
Sector | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to an agricultural supplies producer in South Africa. Incorporated in 1999, the borrower produces and distributes specialized fertilizer products which seek to increase efficiency while strengthening sustainable crop growth and enhancing general soil health. The borrower seeks to shift the traditional agricultural productivity paradigm from an increase in quantity of food produced to an increase in quantity and quality of nutritional value. In support of this shift, the borrower has implemented a proprietary technical assistance program for its customers that directs focus away from commodity fertilization toward a more scientific and biologically sustainable approach to soil utilization. While the borrower’s growth historically was dependent on competitive pricing, its current expansion is due to an emphasis on superior service and the resulting customer loyalty among its business-to-business and business-to-consumer client base throughout South Africa and the greater Sub-Saharan Africa region. The Company’s financing will provide the borrower with short-term liquidity to import supplies for further business expansion, which the borrower anticipates will lead to growth in its employee base. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Implements a technical assistance program which aims to improve long-term sustainability through the provision of financial management advice and detailed analysis of each participating agricultural producer’s soil, tillage practices, fertilizer, pathogen, pest control policies, residue management techniques, and animal grazing practices. The borrower collects information utilizing its proprietary smartphone and tablet applications in order to monitor producer- and land-specific growing season characteristics and provide custom fertilizer recommendations to each producer. |
| • | | Implements enterprise development programs for small and medium-sized enterprises owned by historically disadvantaged ethnic and indigenous groups. Programs include on-site visits to participant fields and training in best practices for fertilizer and herbicide application, soil and leaf sampling, pest and disease control, and weed identification and control. |
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| • | | Supports a community center that provides food and assistance to vulnerable and orphaned children. Additionally, as a responsible corporate citizen, the borrower promotes healthy lifestyle habits through its support of local community sports. |
| • | | Places special emphasis on education and provides scholarship funding to students at a local agricultural technical college. It also contributes to a national educational trust that benefits disadvantaged children, particularly in rural areas. |
Chia Seed Exporter
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $2,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 11.50% |
Sector | | Field Crops, Except Cash Grains |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.54x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Agricultural Productivity |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of March 31, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
Chile’s capital, Santiago, is one of the leading business hubs in Latin America and is well positioned to facilitate international trade flows and catalyze the participation of the country’s SME segment in the global marketplace. One such SME that has benefitted from Chile’s strategic positioning is a Santiago-based chia seed exporter. Founded in 2005 by Belgian and Chilean entrepreneurs who incorporated a small group of Argentine and Bolivian farmers, the company has quickly grown to become a significant global chia seed supplier. In 2014 the company supplied approximately15% of global chia seed exports and expects to double its sales volume by 2020. Growing in popularity in international markets, chia seeds are the richest non-marine whole food source of Omega-3 fatty acids and contain protein, dietary fiber, and antioxidants, in addition to numerous vitamins and minerals. Human consumption of Omega-3 has been linked to many health benefits related to heart health, brain performance, and weight control.
Recognizing the chia seed exporter’s growth potential as well as the importance that chia seeds have in fostering healthy lifestyles throughout the world, the Company has extended up to a $2,000,000 trade finance facility to the company as a source of timely and flexible short-term export financing. The borrower sources and processes chia seeds from multiple growers in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, and processes them in a new state of the art plant in Chile’s Arica free trade zone. The trade facility finances shipments of packaged chia seeds, chia oil (bulk and capsules), and baked good snacks to health food stores, pharmacies, supermarkets, and food service companies in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The company is committed to conserving resources by implementing water usage and waste management reduction policies as part of its production practices.
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Construction Materials Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Inventory Financing |
Facility Amount1 | | $750,000 |
Interest Rate | | 12.75% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Hardware, Plumbing, and Heating Equipment |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a construction materials distributor in South Africa. Established in 2010, the borrower imports and distributes piping, fittings, and related hardware and tools for its retail and commercial hardware customers throughout South Africa. The borrower has competitively positioned itself as the country’s exclusive distributor of products from a globally recognized piping systems industry leader with over 60 internationally recognized certifications and a market footprint in more than 100 countries. The borrower reinforces this high level of product quality by importing and distributing products that have been certified by the South African Bureau of Standards. The Company’s financing provides the borrower with timely and flexible short-term liquidity for the import of plastic piping and fittings inventory to support business expansion efforts, which the borrower anticipates will also lead to increased employment opportunities. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Maintains its competitive edge in product quality, the borrower holds a South African Bureau of Standards certification for its multilayer piping system, including the underlying piping and fitting component parts. |
| • | | Has piping and fitting products the support quality-of-life and energy savings applications, such as solar water heating systems, heat pumps, and air-conditioning units for commercial and residential clients. |
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen and supporter of local community development as it financially supports various employee-selected charities. |
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Consumer Goods Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase & Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $2,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 12.00% |
Sector | | Groceries and Related Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a consumer goods importer and distributor located in Namibia. Incorporated in 2006 and managed by professionals with over 21 years of industry experience, the borrower distributes imported proprietary brand products to small, medium, and large-scale retailers throughout Namibia and other markets in Sub-Saharan Africa. The borrower’s product lines, which include sugar, rice, washing powder, UHT milk, and canned sardines, are sourced from international suppliers in Brazil and India, among others. It is anticipated that the Company’s financing will enable the borrower to increase its number of distribution channels, expand its regional footprint, increase sales, and continue to grow its employee base in a country historically noted for its high unemployment rate. The transaction is part of a purchase and repurchase trade finance facility that is secured by and sugar and rice inventory as well as receivables. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Targets job creation as the primary impact objective of its business activities. |
| • | | Seeks to promote equality and empowerment in Namibia by targeting Namibia’s minority and/or previously excluded communities in its hiring efforts. |
| • | | Strengthens food security in Sub-Saharan Africa by providing affordable and accessible consumer staple products to both Namibian and regional markets. |
Diaper Manufacturer1
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Term Loan |
Structure | | Three Year Term Loan Due 6/15/2017 |
| | One Year Term Loan Due 12/22/2016 |
Facility Amount2 | | $3,250,000 |
Interest Rate | | 14.72% |
Sector | | Converted Paper and Paperboard Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | 1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation, Health Improvement, Increased Revenues, Increased Profitability |
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1 | For an updated discussion of events regarding the Diaper Manufacturer, please refer the description entitled “Prodesa” directly following table of outstanding holdings as of March 31, 2016 in the “Investments – Overview” section of the Prospectus. |
2 | The facility amount consists of two separate loans with different amortization schedules. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the loan amount. |
Borrower Background
According to a 2016 IMF Report, the Peruvian economy has experienced steady growth for the past decade, posting an average 5.9% annual GDP growth from 2005-2015. Emerging from this expansion, and inhabiting the outskirts of major cities, is a budding middle class with growing discretionary income. In 2009, a former executive of a large personal hygiene products manufacturer took note of this socioeconomic trend and created a forward-looking company that would be the first to offer affordable hygiene products to the burgeoning lower and middle-income populations of Peru and the surrounding region.
Over the past four years, the company has grown at a rapid but steady pace and in 2013 it decided to seek financing through one of the Company’s sub-advisors. With a term loan from the Company, the borrower plans to increase its existing disposable baby diaper production, as well as add adult diapers to its product line. By 2016, the company plans to expand its capacity to produce over 104 million diapers per year. Through the expansion of the company’s products and distribution channels, the company anticipates it will hire more employees, as well as indirectly support job creation in local third party distributors. The term loan facility is collateralized by property, equipment, and accounts receivable.
Furthermore, the company pays wages that are on average 45% above the national average, which may contribute to lower turnover and an increase in employees’ standard of living. Importantly, the borrower is committed to minimizing the negative effects of its product on the environment as it actively engages in waste reduction programs and efficient operations initiatives. By providing access to disposable diapers at an affordable price point for lower-middle income Peruvian households, the borrower helps its customers maintain good hygiene in their households, many of which do not have laundry facilities or hot water for sterilization and cannot afford laundry services to disinfect multi-use cloth diapers. The use of disposable diapers may give lower to lower-middle income women more time to dedicate themselves to income-generating opportunities and family care, while helping to reduce potential risks to their families’ health.
Electronics Assembler
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $11,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 13.00% |
Sector | | Communications Equipment |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of March 31, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
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3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to an electronics assembler in South Africa. Established in 2002, the borrower is a diversified contract electronics manufacturer that specializes in the production and assembly of electronic components for the telecom, utility, metering, and data acquisition industries. The borrower is utilizing The Company’s financing as a source of short-term liquidity to support the expansion of its telecom division through the purchase and import of manufactured cell phone and television components for assembly at its production facility outside of Johannesburg. Upon purchase and import of all component parts, the borrower completes the final assembly of cellular phone products for sale and distribution to the largest telecom operator in the region. Additionally, the borrower supplies finished television products to a leading South African government telecom agency responsible for promoting universal telecom access and services. Offered at affordable price points, the borrower’s finished cellular phone and television products aim to satisfy the growing demand of South Africa’s low-income population for access to modern communication and technology. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Builds its products in accordance with the ISO 9002:2008 standard for product quality, as certified by the South African Bureau of Standards. |
| • | | Operates a telecom division that employs 200 workers, 95% of whom belong to previously disadvantaged groups, including women, who represent 90% of the division’s labor force. |
| • | | Targets job creation and equal opportunity employment as a registered and independently-certified Black Economic Empowerment Enterprise under the Government of South Africa’s Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment initiative. |
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen as it makes donations to a local hospice facility and sponsors local sports programs. |
Farm Supplies Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Inventory and Receivable Financing |
Facility Amount1 | | $11,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate3 | | 12.43% |
Sector | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.25 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio reflects the amount of collateral pledged relative to the total amount outstanding on the facility at time of funding |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
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Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a farm supplies distributor in Zambia. Incorporated in 2010, the borrower specializes in the warehousing, trading, and country-wide distribution of key agricultural goods, including maize, soya beans, ground nuts, seed and fertilizer. As a farm supplies distributor, the borrower plays a vital role in catalyzing the sector’s growth and productivity while ensuring improved market access for both producers and consumers. As a goods-to-market facilitator, the borrower purchases product from small-scale farmers and farmer associations for resale and distribution. The borrower also imports finished purpose-made fertilizer product from a network of international suppliers for distribution to agricultural producers throughout Zambia. By providing short-term liquidity for the purchase of additional fertilizer imports, it is anticipated that the Company’s financing will support the borrower’s growth and employment generation objectives. In addition, the financing will help reinforce its efforts in becoming one of Zambia’s leading farm supply distributors and key players in improving the country’s agricultural productivity and food security. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Is registered as a Citizen-Owned Company by Zambia’s Citizens Economic Empowerment Act, which promotes the empowerment of citizens whose access to economic resources and development capacity has been constrained. |
| • | | Provides two fertilizer products for distribution to small-scale farmers and farmer associations throughout Zambia as a part of the Government of Zambia’s parastatal purchasing board and its Farmer Input Support Program. |
| • | | Provides its employees with training opportunities in computer literacy and technical driving skills for forklift and truck fleet operators. The borrower supports local sports clubs to promote health and wellbeing in the communities where it operates. |
Fish Processor and Exporter
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $2,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 9.00% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Commercial Fishing |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
Established in 1973, the borrower is engaged in the processing and sale of sardine and dolphin-safe tuna products for domestic and international consumption, primarily in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. As a locally-owned family business with over 40 years of experience, the borrower is a recognized leader in the Ecuadorian tuna industry. The Company’s financing provides the company with the necessary funds to meet its 2015
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production and sales projections while supporting further employment generation. The facility is backed by purchase agreements under pre-existing sales contracts.
Fruit and Nut Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $1,250,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 17.50% |
Sector | | Groceries and Related Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.17 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | For an updated discussion of events regarding the Fruit and Nut Distributor, please refer the description entitled “Fruit and Nut Distributor” directly following table of outstanding holdings as of March 31, 2016 in the “Investments — Overview” section of the Prospectus. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a nut, dried fruit and seed processor and distributor located in South Africa. Incorporated in 2011, the borrower company’s two key principals have nearly 40 years of combined experience in the sector. Through the financing and logistical expertise provided by the Company’s sub-advisor, the borrower has been able to grow its sourcing network around the globe. It is anticipated that the Company’s financing will allow the borrower to continue to improve its capacity to support sales growth while supporting increases in its employee base. The borrower has established a consistent repayment track record with the sub-advisor. According to the borrower, all production is overseen by a food technologist and monitored by a quality control team following the guidelines of Good Manufacturing Practices (“GMP”). The borrower prides itself on bringing the nutritional and health benefits of nuts, seeds and dried fruits to consumers. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Targets job creation, equal opportunity employment through South Africa’s Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment program, and health improvement as major objectives of its business. |
| • | | Complies with GMP as regulated by the South African Medicines Control Council (“MCC”), which ensures consistent, high quality products for consumers. |
| • | | Undergoes regular independent audit tests that include utilizing ISO 17025 accredited microbiological testing methods. |
| • | | Maintains a modern manufacturing facility that offers a safe work environment for its employees. |
| • | | Is in compliance with all of South Africa’s environmental regulations and international standards. |
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Integrated Steel Producer
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $6,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 13.00% |
Sector | | Steel Works, Blast Furnaces, and Rolling and Finishing Mills |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³20x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of March 31, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a locally-owned and operated steel producer in Zambia. Established in 1989, the borrower has long been a partner in Zambia’s socioeconomic development and is the country’s first integrated steel and iron manufacturer. Historically, scrap metal inputs sourced in Zambia were exported to regional markets for processing, where the final steel product was then imported back to Zambia, typically at higher prices than locally manufactured steel products. By sourcing local scrap metal and integrating it into the steel manufacturing process, the borrower has built a reputation for delivering cost efficient, quality products to local construction-related businesses and therefore reducing costs associated with improving the country’s physical infrastructure. The Company’s financing provides the borrower with a source of short-term capital to generate liquidity, purchase raw material, and support additional production capacity of iron and steel products, including rebar, angle iron and wire rod products. Recognized in Zambia as a leading employer in the region, the borrower expects that the Company’s financing will support its efforts to quadruple its employee base once its plant reaches full manufacturing capacity. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Is conscious of its impact on the environment as it utilizes a state-of-the art fume extraction system and water recycling equipment to control emissions and waste discharges from its steel production and rolling mill facilities. The borrower also proactively seeks to further mitigate its impact on the environment by planting trees on its landsite and aligning its operations with international environmental management system standards (certification process currently in process). |
| • | | Actively engages in local community development initiatives, including the support of: 1) a primary and secondary school benefitting approximately 800 children; 2) water borehole drilling to improve community access to clean water; and 3) a community “open door” policy that consists of participatory evaluation, monitoring and awareness campaigns focused on the borrower’s social and environmental sustainability policies and practices. |
| • | | Offers, as additional support for its employees, an on-site clinic and on-call ambulance, a program providing HIV/AIDS awareness training, counseling and treatment, and interest-free loans for unexpected life events (e.g., death in the family). |
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Marine Logistics Provider
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Term Loan |
Structure | | Term Loan Due 9/16/2020 |
Facility Amount2 | | $16,050,000 |
Interest Rate3 | | 15.59% |
Sector | | Services Incidental to Water Transportation |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.00x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Capacity-Building |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of March 31, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the maximum amount that can be borrowed under the agreement. The actual amount drawn on the facility by the borrower may change over time. |
3 | The interest rate is a variable rate of one month Libor +10.5% plus 4.68% in deferred fixed interest. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio reflects the amount of collateral pledged relative to the total amount outstanding on the facility at time of funding. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a marine logistics company in Nigeria that operates a fleet of Nigerian-flagged tug vessels. The firm was established in 1984 by a local marine engineer with over 40 years of experience, and today is one of the few domestically-owned marine logistics providers. The borrower’s focus on timely, high-quality marine support services to its clients has spurred growth and positioned the company as a competitive alternative to large-scale international vessel operators. In contrast to the general lack of flexible financing from local banks, the Company’s financing offers the borrower access to an innovative and timely source of capital that will enable it to purchase a state-of-the-art tugboat vessel and continue executing its growth strategy. By catalyzing this growth, the Company’s loan will also support the borrower’s employee capacity-building initiatives and job growth forecasts. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Seeks to strengthen local human resource capabilities by providing cadet and “Officer of the Watch” certification training programs to qualified employees, as required by the International Maritime Organization’s International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watch keeping for Seafarers. |
| • | | Is certified by an internationally-recognized certification board for its compliance with the International Safety Management Code for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention. |
| • | | Is a socially responsible locally-owned Nigerian SME and emphasizes non-discrimination in the workplace and provides its employees with comprehensive health insurance and retirement benefits. |
| • | | Is an active member in its community as it financially supports local charities that enhance human capital empowerment and youth engagement activities for children. |
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IT Service Provider
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Term Loan |
Structure | | Term Loan Due 10/31/2019 |
Facility Amount1 | | $14,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 13.50% |
Sector | | Computer Programming, Data Processing, And Other Computer Related Services |
Cash Flow Coverage Ratio2 | | >1.20x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the maximum amount that can be borrowed under the agreement. The actual amount drawn on the facility by the borrower may change over time. |
2 | The cash flow coverage ratio is the ratio of the projected total cash available at the end of the current year to the annual interest and principal payments due on outstanding debt. |
Borrower Background
Established in 1988, the borrower is a Sao Paulo-based information technology company that provides data center, backup site, service desk, and IT infrastructure solutions to local SMEs and government institutions throughout Brazil. The Company’s term loan financing provides the borrower with a source of capital to finance specific capital expenditures associated with certain servicing contracts, and to support job creation. The Company’s term loan facility with the borrower is secured by service contracts, receivables, and a pledge of the borrower’s shares.
Meat Processor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase & Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $2,800,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 14.50% |
Sector | | Meat Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
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Borrower Background
According to the World Bank, South Africa is the second largest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa and has benefited from an estimated $32 billion of foreign direct investment flowing through the region in 2013. However, as noted by the World Bank, improvements in South Africa’s post-apartheid living standards and income inequality have not occurred as quickly as anticipated, as evidenced by the country’s nationwide unemployment rate of 25%. According to Statistics South Africa, these social and economic discrepancies are particularly apparent in the country’s rural areas, where unemployment rates range from 15.9% to 35%.
Established in 1986, the borrower is a vertically-integrated feed, feedlot, and meat processing company operating in the rural heartland of South Africa’s cattle country (Northern Cape and North West provinces). As one of the largest employers in the region, the borrower supplies meat to large, well-established wholesalers, retailers, and restaurants throughout the country. The borrower’s meat processing facility is one of only three in South Africa that have been certified by the South African Bureau of Standards as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (“HACCP”) compliant. HACCP certification ensures food safety practices from raw materials and procurement through manufacturing, distribution and consumption.
Supported by a purchase and repurchase agreement that is secured by livestock feed inventory, the Company’s financing is expected to support the borrower’s continued growth through the expansion of its distribution network and the addition of more retail outlets in the country’s underserved low- to middle-income consumer market. As a part of this growth, the borrower anticipates that it will create more jobs and expand its employee base.
The borrower co-sponsors a school offering accredited on-site primary and secondary education and agricultural training to 400 local children. Additionally, the borrower provides on-site housing for its employees, day care services for employees’ children, makes food donations to local charitable organizations, and funds a soup kitchen, where its employees help prepare and serve a portion of the meals to 500 disadvantaged community members. The borrower takes environmental considerations into account in all aspects of its operations, with a special focus on reducing its dependence on chemical fertilizers and non-renewable energy sources. The borrower is a member of the South African Feedlot Association and promotes the Five Rights of Animals through livestock pens designed to minimize stress and disease, rations formulated by a nutritionist to optimize animal health and specially designed trucks to reduce transportation stress and discomfort.
Mine Remediation Company
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Inventory Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $2,500,000 |
Interest Rate | | 17.50% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Metal Mining Services |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³2.00x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
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Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a company in South Africa created to extract metal tailings and remediate the land site of a recently shuttered zinc mine. The zinc mine site and its accompanying refinery began operations in 1968, and were shut down in 2013 by the South African company that managed the mine’s extraction and production operations. The borrower acquired the land site in December 2013 and was granted the rights to extract and process gold, silver, lead, and iron tailings for sale to trading companies located in South Africa, and Europe. As a part of its tailings extraction activity, the borrower is required to remediate the land site and has already begun the process by establishing a mine rehabilitation fund, dismantling the shuttered mine’s refinery, disposing of mining equipment, and maintaining a sophisticated, onsite laboratory that allows for continuous monitoring of ground water contamination levels. The Company’s financing enables the borrower to recover and process the tailings and supports the borrower’s objective of creating new mine servicing and remediation jobs. Once the tailings extraction is complete and the site is deemed to be completely rehabilitated by South African regulatory authorities, the borrower intends to donate the property to the community for affordable housing developments. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Engages in general surface reclamation, conversion of previously disturbed land to a usable state, and continuous groundwater monitoring and cleansing activities through its water treatment plant. |
| • | | Has created 45 new jobs and anticipates that it will create an additional 120 new employment opportunities in 2015 in a region of South Africa characterized by an unemployment rate of approximately 25%, according to the Government of South Africa. |
| • | | Supports a community development facility and a house which has been converted to a center for HIV-infected children. |
Oilseed Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $5,100,000 |
Interest Rate | | 8.89% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Fats and Oils |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.29x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to an oilseed distributor in Argentina. Established in 1929, the borrower is one of the country’s leading oilseed (soybean, sunflower, and cotton) processors and exporters. As an established player in the Argentine oilseed industry, the borrower is also involved in the biodiesel, cotton, meat processing, fruit juice, agricultural supply, wine, and honey value chains. The borrower’s oilseed business is
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supported by three company owned-and-operated milling plants, which have a combined processing capacity of up to 21,000 tons of soybean per day. Over 80% of the borrower’s processed soybean product, in either oil or meal form, is exported from the borrower’s proprietary river port terminal to established buyers in Europe and Asia. The Company’s participation in a revolving export trade finance facility provides the borrower with timely liquidity to increase the number of export shipments to key customers. The borrower anticipates that the Company’s financing will support revenue growth and new employment opportunities, as well as increased productivity and exports in Argentina’s oilseed sector. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Is actively engaged in the communities where it operates and has a specific focus on corporate social responsibility programs in education, inclusive social development, culture, environment, and employee wellness. |
| • | | Is in the process of implementing an integrated management system across all business lines and is seeking certification and/or recertification of its Quality Management System (ISO 9001), Food Safety System (GMP+; ISO 22000), Occupational Health and Safety System (OHSAS 18001), Environmental Management System (ISO 14001), and Sustainability System (International Sustainability and Carbon Certification; Argentine Biofuels Chamber). |
| • | | Currently holds Bureau Veritas certifications for its Environmental Management System (ISO 14001:2004), Quality Management System (ISO 9001: 2008), Occupational Health and Safety System (OHSAS 18001:2007) for part of its soybean milling operations. |
Is committed to complying with local worker and human rights laws and adhering to the best practices outlined in relevant international agreements to which Argentina is a signatory.
Rice Importer
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Collateral Management Facility Agreement |
Facility Amount2 | | $1,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate4 | | 11.62% |
Sector | | Farm-Product Raw Materials |
Collateral Coverage Ratio5 | | ³1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Food Security |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of March 31, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The interest rate is a variable rate of three month Libor + 11.00%. |
5 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a wholly-owned and -operated Kenyan company engaged in the import and distribution of rice, cooking oils, and other basic foodstuff products in Kenya. Established in 2005, the borrower imports and distributes its products through a proprietary network that extends across 32 different routes transversing the greater Nairobi metropolitan area and the Eastern and Coast regions of the country. The
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borrower utilizes a fleet of 10 vehicles to ensure the timely delivery of products to wholesalers, retailers, and end-users, who are experiencing increased demand due to rising incomes and increasing urban populations according to the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. The Company’s financing offers the borrower a source of short-term financing to purchase inventory, grow its market presence, and support its objective of enhancing food security throughout Kenya by increasing its trade capacity from 200 to 300 containers of rice per month. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Offers various capacity building initiatives for its employees, including first aid and fire marshal training, business negotiation techniques, and sales fundamentals workshops for sales executives. |
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen as it provides financial support to various local children’s homes and in particular, to the Salvation Army’s Mombasa Children’s Home. |
Rice Producer
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Inventory Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $3,900,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 11.50% |
Sector | | Cash Grains |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of March 31, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a rice producer in Tanzania. Since beginning operations in 2006 with the acquisition of unproductive land and nonoperational farm assets, the borrower has positioned itself as one of the leading rice harvesting and processing companies in the country. In addition to its commercial operation, the borrower uses a village out grower program through which it contracts local smallholder farmers and supports them with land preparation, seed, farm supplies, irrigation, and technical assistance. The Company’s financing provides the borrower with timely and flexible short-term liquidity for the procurement of rice stock and inventory, thereby facilitating timely delivery to local markets. The borrower anticipates the Company’s financing will support its efforts to create new employment opportunities, promote participation of women in the workplace, and improve agricultural productivity. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen as it assists with municipal infrastructure improvements. For example, the borrower has built a school in the local community and provides free education for over 200 children. |
| • | | Focuses on employee welfare by offering substantial employee benefits which are uncommon in the region, including on-site housing, health insurance, maternity/paternity leave, retirement provisions, and a fair hiring and recruiting policy. |
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| • | | Emphasizes the importance of human capacity-building by providing tailored training for employees and local farmers, as well as for students from universities and agricultural colleges. |
Sesame Seed Exporter
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $2,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 12.00% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Farm-Product Raw Materials |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.33x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Agricultural Productivity |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
In operation for over 40 years, the borrower is engaged in the purchase, processing, and export of sesame seeds and honey sourced from producers throughout Latin America and India. With a production capacity of over 3.5 million pounds of sesame seeds per year, the borrower sells its product to bakeries that supply leading global fast food chains, such as McDonalds. The Company’s financing provides the borrower with a source of short-term funding to purchase inventory, fulfill customer orders in a timely fashion, and support increases in agricultural productivity of its supplier base. The Company’s trade finance facility with the borrower is backed by accounts receivables and inventory or letters of credit.
Sugar Producer
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Term Loan |
Structure | | Three Year Term Loan Due 05/15/2017 |
Facility Amount | | $3,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 17.43% |
Sector | | Field Crops, Except Cash Grains |
Collateral Coverage Ratio2 | | 1.42x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Capacity-Building |
1 | For an updated discussion of events regarding the Sugar Producer, please refer the description entitled “Usivale” directly following table of outstanding holdings as of March 31, 2016 in the “Investments — Overview” section of the Prospectus. |
2 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the loan amount. |
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Borrower Background
According to the World Bank’s 2012 Report, Brazil has the seventh largest economy in the world, but economic productivity and prosperity vary widely throughout the country. As noted by the World Bank, Pernambuco State in northeast Brazil is one of the most marginalized regions, with a poverty rate that is double the national average. Almost 90% of Brazil’s sugarcane production occurs in its south-central region, but in 1958 a sugar producer commenced milling sugar in Pernambuco, and today it operates a successful export business and manages one of the most modern mills in the state.
With an established operating history with large international buyers such as Sucden, American Sugar Refining and Agrograin (subsidiary of Archer Daniels Midland Company), the borrower began receiving financing from the Brazilian representatives of the Company’s sub-advisor in 2009. Building on this relationship, and with an appreciation for the outsized social and economic impact of the borrower, the Company extended a loan to the borrower in 2013 to support crop cultivation (planting and fertilization), improve its milling operations, and support the increase of employee capacity building initiatives through job skills training and specialization courses. The Company’s loan is secured by a senior secured interest over the borrower’s sugarcane production, which is inspected on a routine basis by an independent collateral management company, as well as by an assignment of the cash proceeds from the corresponding crop sales contract.
The borrower’s activities generate stable employment for workers at wages that are higher than Pernambuco’s average local wage which is, according to Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, among Brazil’s lowest. In addition to being a vital source of employment, the borrower provides health, safety and specialization training to all employees. It also offers more than 250 rent-free houses and free on-site medical services to employees and their families. The borrower is equally committed to the broader community where it operates. It pays the rent and building maintenance costs for a local school and contributes to a nonprofit organization that offers health care to children, women and men in Pernambuco.
The borrower actively engages in minimizing its environmental impact. Sugarcane processing byproducts include ethanol, a clean-burning, renewable fuel, and bagasse, a fibrous waste. The borrower uses the bagasse to generate electricity, with the capacity to create 40,000 megawatts per year. In addition, the borrower collaborates with IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources) to reforest the region and has planted 19.83 hectares of trees to date. The borrower is also licensed by the CPRH (State Agency of Environment), which carries out environmental monitoring of licensees and the regulation, protection, conservation and recovery of natural resources in the state of Pernambuco.
Textile Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $2,500,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 15.00% |
Sector | | Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
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3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a textile and clothing distributor located in South Africa. Incorporated in 1999, the borrower has expanded its business operations to include an Australian offshore clothing wholesaler and a Hong Kong-based sourcing warehouse. In South Africa, the borrower provides a range of services to its retail business customers, including trend forecasting, product design and development, production sourcing and planning, inbound and outbound logistics, and management of replenishment stock and order packaging. It is anticipated that the Company’s financing will enable the borrower to continue to increase its number of employees and expand its market presence in South Africa. The transaction is part of a revolving trade finance facility that is secured by inventory and receivables. The borrower prides itself on servicing the growing South African retail market through catalyzing the supply of clothing and textiles to a variety of market segments, including the low-income, budget-conscious, mid-priced, and high quality categories. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Targets job creation as the primary impact objective of its business activities. |
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen that provides both in-kind and monetary donations to employee-selected local charities on an annual basis. For example, the borrower has historically focused on empowerment through education as a cornerstone of its corporate citizenship policy by providing used computers to local schools. |
| • | | Is conscious of its environmental impact as it implements energy efficient lighting and recycling programs at its facilities. |
Overview of Exited Investments
As of March 31, 2016, the Company had exited the following investments:
Investment Portfolio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | | Sector | | Country | | Investment Type | | Transaction Date | | | Transaction Amount | | | Payoff Date | | | Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”)1 | | | Primary Impact Objective |
Agricultural Products Exporter I | | Farm-Product Raw Materials | | Singapore | | Trade Finance | | | 4/23/2015 | | | $ | 10,000,000 | | | | 2/29/2016 | | | | 11.85 | % | | N/A2 |
Agricultural Supplies Distributor I | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 10/15/2014 | | | $ | 15,202,091 | | | | 8/14/2015 | | | | 13.11 | % | | Job Creation |
Candle Distributor | | Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 9/2/2014 | | | $ | 1,400,000 | | | | 9/16/2015 | | | | 14.27 | % | | Job Creation |
Cement Distributor | | Cement, Hydraulic | | Kenya | | Trade Finance | | | 9/23/2014 | | | $ | 12,000,000 | | | | 10/15/2015 | | | | 15.29 | % | | Job Creation |
Electronics Retailer | | Radio, Television, Consumer Electronics, and Music Stores | | Indonesia | | Term Loan | | | 7/26/2013 | | | $ | 5,000,000 | | | | 6/17/2014 | | | | 19.59 | % | | Access to Finance |
Farm Supplies Wholesaler | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 5/28/2015 | | | $ | 2,250,000 | | | | 1/19/2016 | | | | 13.14 | % | | Agricultural Productivity |
Fertilizer Distributor | | Agricultural Chemicals | | Zambia | | Trade Finance | | | 7/17/2014 | | | $ | 3,000,000 | | | | 11/4/2014 | | | | 12.65 | % | | Job Creation |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Description | | Sector | | Country | | Investment Type | | Transaction Date | | | Transaction Amount | | | Payoff Date | | | Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”)1 | | | Primary Impact Objective |
Food Processor | | Groceries and Related Products | | Peru | | Term Loan | | | 3/25/2014 | | | $ | 576,000 | | | | 11/28/2014 | | | | 14.01 | % | | Job Creation |
Frozen Seafood Exporter | | Groceries and Related Products | | Ecuador | | Trade Finance | | | 6/17/2013 | | | $ | 240,484 | | | | 5/14/2014 | | | | 13.49 | % | | Job Creation |
Industrial Materials Distributor | | Mineral and Ores | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 11/20/2014 | | | $ | 4,030,000 | | | | 12/15/2015 | | | | 13.64 | % | | Job Creation |
Insulated Wire Manufacturer3 | | Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding of Nonferrous Metals | | Peru | | Trade Finance | | | 5/2/2014 | | | $ | 1,991,000 | | | | 12/2/2014 | | | | 8.43 | % | | Job Creation |
International Tuna Exporter | | Groceries and Related Products | | Ecuador | | Trade Finance | | | 7/17/2013 | | | $ | 1,000,000 | | | | 10/9/2013 | | | | 13.58 | % | | Job Creation |
Meat Producer | | Meat Products | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 11/27/2015 | | | $ | 1,500,000 | | | | 2/3/2016 | | | | 14.83 | % | | N/A2 |
Rice & Bean Importer | | Groceries and Related Products | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 7/7/2014 | | | $ | 1,000,000 | | | | 8/5/2015 | | | | 12.97 | % | | Job Creation |
Seafood Processing Company | | Miscellaneous Food Preparations and Kindred Products | | Ecuador | | Trade Finance | | | 6/19/2013 | | | $ | 496,841 | | | | 7/1/2013 | | | | 13.44 | % | | Job Creation |
Timber Exporter | | Sawmills and Planing Mills | | Chile | | Trade Finance | | | 7/3/2013 | | | $ | 915,000 | | | | 6/12/2014 | | | | 10.25 | % | | Job Creation |
Waste Management Equipment Distributor | | Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies | | South Africa | | Trade Finance | | | 2/13/2015 | | | $ | 310,752 | | | | 5/15/2015 | | | | 20.19 | % | | Equality & Empowerment |
Investment Portfolio Total | | | $ | 60,912,168 | | | | |
Investment Portfolio – Weighted Average IRR | | | | | | | | | | | | 13.81 | % | | |
Temporary Investments4 | | | | | | | | |
Financial Services Provider I | | Miscellaneous Business Credit Institutions | | Mauritius | | Promissory Note | | | 9/23/2014 | | | $ | 3,000,000 | | | | 11/17/2014 | | | | 15.94 | % | | N/A |
Temporary Investments Total | | | $ | 3,000,000 | | | | |
Temporary Investments – Weighted Average IRR | | | | | | | | | | | | 15.94 | % | | |
Investment Portfolio and Temporary Investments Total | | | $ | 63,912,168 | | | | |
Investment Portfolio and Temporary Investments – Weighted Average IRR | | | | | | | | 13.91 | % | | |
1 | Given that the loan has been paid off, this investment is no longer part of the Company’s portfolio. The internal rate of return is defined as the gross average annual return earned through the life of an investment. The internal rate of return was calculated by our Advisor (unaudited) as the investment (loan advance) was made and cash was received (principal, interest and fees). |
2 | Impact data is not tracked for this investment. The Company does not track impact data for trade finance transactions that meet standard underwriting guidelines, but generally have the maturity of less than one year and involve borrowers with whom, at the time of funding, the Company does not expect to maintain an ongoing lending relationship or otherwise provide an open loan facility. |
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3 | Founded in 1968, the Insulated Wire Manufacturer manufactures and distributes insulated electrical wires and cable conductors to domestic and international buyers. The borrower supports Peru’s burgeoning middle class with needed services like transportation, communications and housing by introducing Peru to the latest technological innovations for developing and maintaining a country’s infrastructure. Additionally, with a commitment to product quality, the borrower was the first company in Peru and first cable manufacturing company in Latin America to have an ISO 9001-certified quality management system |
4 | Temporary investments are defined as short-term investments that are not trade finance or term loan transactions that generally expire within one year, are intended to generate a higher yield than would be realized on cash and may be unsecured positions. The temporary investments that are unsecured positions may present a higher level of risk. |
Investment Spotlights of Exited Positions
Candle Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $1,400,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 12.91% |
Sector | | Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a consumer goods producer and distributor located in South Africa. Incorporated in 1993, the borrower began operations as a small-scale family-owned bottler of household items such as dish washing liquids and fabric softeners. Today, the borrower has developed a global network of raw material suppliers and a market reputation as a leading candle producer and distributor to supermarkets, wholesalers, and independent stores, including Massmart, Shoprite, and Pick n Pay. Primarily serving consumers living in informal urban settlements with limited access to the country’s electricity infrastructure, the borrower is currently in the process of leveraging its brand and product offering to expand into other finished consumer retail goods, including cosmetics and cleaning supplies. It is anticipated that the Company’s financing will support the borrower’s product development efforts and create new employment opportunities. The Company’s financing is part of a purchase and repurchase trade finance facility that is secured by product inventory and receivables. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Minimizes its environmental impact by continuously replacing factory machine motors and conveyer belts with the latest and most energy efficient technology. |
| • | | Reduces industrial waste by reintegrating and recycling wax by-product trimmings as raw material into the production process. |
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| • | | Promotes employee health and well-being by providing financial support for regular staff medical exams and physical fitness activities. |
| • | | Has a customer base that includes independent stores that serve individuals and households in informal urban settlements with limited access to the country’s electricity infrastructure. |
Cement Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Inventory and Receivable Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $7,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 14.25% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Cement Hydraulic |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.80x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a cement producer and distributor in Kenya. Incorporated in 2008, the borrower runs a state-of-the-art cement grinding facility that transforms cement clinker into finished Portland and Pozzolanic cement varieties. The borrower’s clients range from homeowners to large project sponsors engaged in small, medium, and large-scale construction activities. The borrower is the only African majority-owned cement manufacturer in Kenya, and as a private company, lacks adequate access to timely and competitive financing. With the objective of becoming the leading cement producer and distributor in the greater Sub-Saharan Africa region, the borrower was seeking short-term credit to purchase additional cement clinker inputs to meet increasing demand for its finished cement products. The borrower anticipates that the Company’s financing will enable it to execute on its growth objectives, support increased employment opportunities, and further develop its reputation as a reliable and high-quality cement producer and distributor. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Utilizes state-of-the-art roller press, separator, energy storing capacitor bank, and automated operation technologies, the borrower seeks to be eco-friendly as its facility is considered the most energy-efficient cement grinding plant in the region. |
| • | | Is mindful of its impact on the environment, the borrower is in the process of implementing an ISO 14000 Environmental Management System in 2015 and monitors its particulate matter emissions on a daily basis to ensure adherence to World Health Organization guidelines. Additionally, the borrower proactively benchmarks, monitors, and tracks its CO2 emissions on a monthly basis with the intent to improve the level of plant emissions. The borrower also funds tree seedling plantings as an emission offsetting initiative. |
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| • | | Provides comprehensive benefits to its employees, including payment of school fees for employees’ children, retirement plan matching contributions, group life insurance, subsidized meal plans, annual medical examinations, and daily employee transportation. |
| • | | Actively contributes to its surrounding communities through supporting sustainable health, environmental, educational and recreational initiatives. |
Electronics Retailer
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Term Loan |
Structure | | One Year Term Loan Due 7/26/2014 With Three Optional 1 Year Extensions |
Facility Amount1 | | $5,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 14.50% |
Sector | | Radio, Television, Consumer Electronics, and Music Stores |
Cash Flow Coverage Ratio2 | | 1.74x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Access to Finance |
1 | The facility amount represents the maximum amount that can be borrowed under the agreement. The actual amount drawn on the facility by the borrower may change over time. |
2 | The cash flow coverage ratio is the ratio of the projected total cash available at the end of the current year to the annual interest and principal payments due on outstanding debt. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to an electronics and furniture retailer in Indonesia who caters to consumers in the lower-middle to lower income brackets. Since its customers lack access to traditional forms of credit, such as credit cards, financing from the borrower allows them to purchase household appliances and electronics, such as refrigerators, washing machines and televisions, on payment plans. The loan from the Company will support the borrower’s purchase of inventory, and the borrower expects that it will be able to significantly increase the number of customers it provides financing to in the coming years. As an affiliate of a larger group that has produced and sold furniture in Indonesia for 25 years, the borrower has opened 27 new locations over the past year and seeks to provide Indonesia’s growing middle class with one-stop shopping for home appliances and electronics. The Company’s due diligence and underwriting has uncovered strong revenue and profitability growth potential for the retailer. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Provides access to financing to Indonesians who have limited access to credit and on average are paid wages approximately 12% below the national average. |
| • | | Serves a variety of customer segments, including teachers, taxi drivers, and small traders and sellers whose financial positions have previously prevented them from purchasing household appliances and electronics. |
| • | | Plans to expand its operations to Sulawesi Island, a region in Indonesia generally more heavily populated by lower- middle to lower income Indonesians. |
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Farm Supplies Wholesaler
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $1,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 12.50% |
Sector | | Miscellaneous Non-Durable Goods |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Agricultural Productivity |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of January 19, 2016. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a farm supplies wholesaler in South Africa. Established in 2004, the borrower imports, produces, and distributes various high quality fertilizers and animal feed raw materials for the South African agricultural sector. The borrower aims to support farming communities by providing agricultural products in a timely manner, facilitating cost savings, reducing risk in the supply chain, and pursuing higher crop yields. The borrower also offers a transport/logistics service to its customers to increase reliability and minimize costly delays in bringing goods to market, especially during peak seasons. The Company’s financing provides the borrower with timely and flexible short-term liquidity for the import of granular urea, the most popular and fastest growing nitrogen-based fertilizer in the global marketplace. The borrower anticipates that the fertilizer it distributes to local farmers will support the borrower’s objective to increase agricultural productivity and food security throughout South Africa. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Provides its customers with tailored agricultural advice based on findings from its research and development initiatives with crop scientists, soil scientists, and plant breeders on issues related to different plant varieties, irrigation techniques, and crop diseases, among other technical issues. |
| • | | Is located in Durban in a mixed-use green building that was built to operate with minimal negative impact on the environment. |
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen as it is actively involved in supporting local community development organizations, such as a shelter for mistreated women. |
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Fertilizer Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Receivable Financing |
Facility Amount1 | | $3,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 12.00% |
Sector | | Agricultural Chemicals |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.25 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio reflects the amount of collateral pledged relative to the total amount outstanding on the facility at time of funding. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a fertilizer distributor in Zambia. Incorporated in 2004, the borrower is one of the largest crop enhancement blenders and distributors in Zambia and is known to be the only company that offers mixed inorganic and organic fertilizer varieties in the country. Although the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency reports that Zambia’s agricultural sector represents approximately 85% of its labor force and 19.8% of its annual GDP, growth in this sector is limited by inefficient natural resource management techniques, soil degradation, and low levels of productivity. As a distributor of purpose-made fertilizer, the borrower plays a crucial role in promoting agricultural productivity and food security throughout Zambia. The borrower provides blends for specific crop types and also distributes its product in various sizes, thereby serving the needs of subsistence farmers as well as commercial growers. The Company’s financing provides short-term liquidity to the borrower to secure future purchases of additional fertilizer product from its international supplier network. Historically, such liquidity has allowed the borrower to strengthen its position in the Zambian fertilizer market as a reliable and consistent supplier in the country’s agricultural value chain. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Provides agronomic training to small-scale farmers and their employees so as to promote increased crop yields, efficiency, productivity, and land management techniques. |
| • | | Provides three distinct fertilizer products for distribution to small-scale farmers and farmer associations throughout Zambia through the Government of Zambia’s parastatal purchasing board and its Farmer Input Support Program Farmer Input Support Program. |
| • | | Offers crop-specific fertilizer blends for enchanced yields and distributes its product in both industry standard packaging for commerical customers and price-acesssible packaging for subsistence end-users. |
| • | | Has management practices that include waste reduction and energy savings programs, subsidized meals for employees, and fair hiring, with a preference for employees from local communities. |
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Food Processor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Term Loan |
Structure | | Secured Term Loan Due 11/29/14 |
Facility Amount1 | | $576,000 |
Interest Rate | | 13.00% |
Sector | | Groceries and Related Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio2 | | 1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the loan balance at day of funding. |
2 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the loan amount. |
Borrower Background
Agriculture is a primary driver of the Peruvian economy, accounting for more than a quarter of Peru’s employment and 7% of GDP, according to the World Bank. In 1997, a Peruvian businessman with over 25 years’ experience promoting exports from Peru and other Latin American countries founded a company dedicated to the purchase, processing, packaging, domestic sale and export of fruits and vegetables. The founder/CEO’s wealth of experience has enabled the borrower to expand its business by establishing strategic alliances and sales contracts with leading international brands.
The Company has financed part of a two-year term loan to expand the borrower’s salad and fresh cuts business with customers that include large food brands and U.S.-based restaurant chains, including Dole Food Company, McDonalds, Subway, Starbucks Coffee Company, and Pizza Hut. The loan is secured by collateral held in two independent trusts and also includes the personal guaranty of the principal shareholder. Most of the company’s employees are located in Peru’s main port of Callao. Committed to the health and enjoyment of their end consumer, the borrower’s HACCP and GMP system certifications for their processing business were completed by SGS, a leading international inspection, verification, testing and certification firm. These certifications help demonstrate the company’s food safety management and product quality assurance systems are of the highest caliber.
According to a report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (“FAO”), the agro-industry’s value chain causes a high multiplier effect in job creation and value addition, and the Company’s borrower exemplifies this effect. The borrower provides employment to more than 350 people, most of whom work in Peru’s main port of Callao. Furthermore, the borrower purchases the majority of its produce from small and medium scale farmers throughout Peru and the highlands of Lima, thereby supporting additional livelihoods. The borrower’s CEO works extensively with these suppliers, providing technical assistance to improve product quality, efficiency and productivity, thus strengthening their businesses’ viability and sustainability. For example, the company provides technical assistance to the producers, including advice for optimizing productivity, and training on efficiency and quality control. The borrower’s business model helps ensure the benefits of economies of scale and adherence to industry standards, while contributing to Peru’s economic growth and the development of their rural communities. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Contracts with a local utility company to advise and assist roughly 150 smallholder farmers located south of Lima with energy efficiency and power-related issues. |
| • | | Has leased, through its strategic alliance with an international food brand, an ultra-high pressure processing (UHPP) machine for its avocado processing business, which reduces energy usage while upholding the sensory and nutritional quality of its products. |
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Frozen Seafood Exporter
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility With 90-120 Repayments |
Facility Amount1 | | $500,000 |
Interest Rate2 | | 12.55% |
Sector | | Groceries and Related Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | 1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a borrower located on the Pacific coast of Ecuador. The borrower is an exporter of frozen seafood such as Chilean Hake, Mahi Mahi and Butterfish. The borrower purchases inventory from local fishermen, processes the fish in its modern processing plant and exports to customers located in the United States, Canada, France, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom. It is expected that financing from the Company will allow the borrower to continue its rapid growth in sales and number of full-time employees. Based on the Company’s underwriting findings, financing such as this resulted in a 37% increase in sales 2011 and an almost doubling of the number of full-time employees in 2012. The facility is supported by accounts receivable from international buyers and fish inventory. Frequent inventory verification reports are issued by the local office of a major independent collateral manager. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Purchases inventory from local fishermen, helping to stimulate the local economy. |
| • | | Provided training and/or technical assistance to 100% of its employees in 2012, thus providing the opportunity for employees to improve their skills and knowledge base. |
Industrial Materials Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview1 | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount2 | | $2,500,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period3 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 13.00% |
Sector | | Minerals and Ores |
Collateral Coverage Ratio4 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The Investment Overview section reflects the terms of the facility as of December 15, 2015. |
2 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
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3 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
4 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to an industrial materials distributor in South Africa. Established in 2008, the borrower provides transportation, logistics services, and supply chain solutions for customers engaged in various industries throughout the greater Sub-Saharan Africa region. Secured by specific product inventory, the Company’s financing provides the borrower with timely and flexible short-term liquidity to import and distribute critical raw material to customers operating in the region’s metal processing industries. The borrower anticipates that in addition to ensuring the timely delivery of goods to market, the Company’s financing will further its business expansion and ultimately support its efforts in expanding its employee base. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Is a signatory to the Responsible Care Initiative, a global program which envisages a profitable, sustainable chemical industry and whose signatories seek to conduct their operations in a manner that minimizes adverse environmental impacts and protects the health and safety of their employees, contractors, and the public. |
| • | | Is registered and independently-certified as a Black Economic Empowerment Enterprise under the Government of South Africa’s Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment initiative, and seeks to grow its business and employee base in a fair and equitable manner. |
| • | | Is conscious of the environmental impact of its administrative operations as it participates in weekly waste recycling through a program offered by Mpact Limited, South Africa’s largest paper recycler. |
| • | | Is a responsible corporate citizen as it provides financial support to the Save the Rhino Fund and is in the process of setting up a local program to finance the education of underprivileged students. |
International Tuna Exporter
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility With 90-120 Repayments |
Facility Amount1 | | $3,000,000 |
Interest Rate | | 12.46% |
Sector | | Groceries and Related Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio2 | | 1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to an international tuna exporter located on the coast of Ecuador. In addition to helping the borrower purchase, process and package frozen tuna for export to customers around the
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world, the borrower expects that financing from the Company will allow it to create more jobs and expand its number of employees, almost half of whom are women. As stated in its Sustainability Report, the borrower is committed to providing quality jobs, employee training and increasing employer-provided benefits, such as healthcare and performance incentives. The borrower also requires that its suppliers engage in best practices in product quality and treatment of the environment. The borrower has been in business since 1999 and a client of a Company sub-advisor since 2005. The Company’s due diligence and underwriting has uncovered strong revenue growth and profitability in recent years. Inventory and accounts receivable from international buyers provide collateral underlying the facility and frequent inventory reports are issued by a major independent collateral manager. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Provides, according to its Sustainability Report, quality jobs to its employees with benefits such as health-care, meals, insurance, performance bonuses, and takes a holistic approach in caring for its employees by offering access to training, counseling and motivational speakers. |
| • | | Works with suppliers that are screened annually for their ethical and legal behavior. |
| • | | Has implemented environmentally sustainable practices, such as reducing energy, water and fuel consumption and increasing waste management and recycling. |
Rice and Bean Importer
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $1,000,000 |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Interest Rate | | 12.50% |
Sector | | Groceries and Related Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17 |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a rice and bean importer located in South Africa. Incorporated in 2001, the borrower began its operations as a small-scale distributor of rice and bean imports from India. Over the past five years, the borrower has expanded its business significantly and is now a supplier to large discount supermarkets throughout South Africa and the greater Sub-Saharan Africa region. These supermarkets sell substantial volumes of rice product to small-size traders and independent stores that serve both the rural and low-income consumer segments. For example, the borrower is the largest supplier of store brand rice to Massmart, a subsidiary of Walmart with over 376 locations (346 in South Africa) and 431 buying group members throughout the region. It is anticipated that the Company’s financing will allow the borrower to strengthen its operations, continue providing a consistent supply of product, and increase its number of employees. According to the sub-advisor, the borrower has established a consistent repayment track record. The transaction is part of a purchase and repurchase agreement secured by rice inventory. Additionally, the borrower:
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| • | | Provides professional training programs such as computer literacy, junior management and supervisor development, customer service, HIV/AIDS awareness, and occupational health and safety to its employees, approximately half of whom are classified as either semi-skilled or unskilled laborers. |
| • | | Is committed to product safety, quality, and freshness and utilizes an independent auditor to ensure compliance with HACCP principles, ISO/TS 22002 Prerequisite Programmes on Food Safety and the Global Food Safety Initiative’s (“GFSI”) Food Safety Management System requirements, amongst other national and international certification standards and regulations. |
| • | | Provides rural communities with access to safe, clean food staples. |
| • | | Targets job creation and equal opportunity employment through implementing South Africa’s Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment program. |
Seafood Processing Company
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility With 90-120 Repayments |
Facility Amount1 | | $500,000 |
Interest Rate | | 12.46% |
Sector | | Miscellaneous Food Preparation and Kindered Products |
Collateral Coverage Ratio2 | | 1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a seafood processing and packaging company located on the Pacific coast of Ecuador and focused on the sale and export of frozen tuna and shrimp. In addition to helping the borrower purchase, process and package frozen tuna for export to customers around the world, the borrower expects that financing from the Company will allow it to create more jobs and expand its number of employees in the coming years, the majority of whom are female. The borrower has been in business since 1993 and a client of the Company’s sub-advisor since 2005. The borrower has the capacity to process over 60 tons of seafood per day and the Company’s thorough due diligence and underwriting has uncovered strong revenue and profitability growth in recent years. Accounts receivable from international buyers, as well as inventory, provide collateral that helps support the facility. Frequent inventory reports are issued by the local office of a major independent collateral manager. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Purchases inventory from local fishermen, helping to stimulate the local economy. |
| • | | Provided training and/or technical assistance to 100% of its employees in 2012, thus providing the opportunity for employees to improve their skills and knowledge base. |
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Timber Exporter
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Revolving Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $500,000 |
Interest Rate | | 9.85% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 Year |
Sector | | Sawmills and Planning Mills |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³ 1.25x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objectives | | Job Creation |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
According to the Chilean Timber Association, the timber industry is a primary driver of Chile’s economy, directly employing more than 120,000 workers and accounting for over 12% of the country’s exports as of 2011. When the industry began 30 years ago, companies that owned and operated large plantations generally dominated the sector. In 1991, two Chilean businessmen founded a timber company that took a different approach: one that would provide opportunities for smallholder farmers cultivating eucalyptus trees in southern Chile by connecting them with paper manufacturers in Japan.
Engaged in the acquisition and processing of timber into wood chips and wood blocks for export, the borrower showed promising growth. In 2005, the borrower received financing from a Company sub-advisor to purchase more timber inputs. Demonstrating consistent steady top and bottom line performance, the borrower’s strong relationship with the sub-advisor continues today through a secured trade finance facility with the Company.
Backed by inventory and a letter of credit issued by a major Japanese bank, the borrower anticipates the facility will support continued sales growth and enable it to create more jobs. Since the relationship started, the borrower has expanded substantially, increasing revenues nearly threefold. The borrower is currently exporting its product to a large Tokyo-based Japanese conglomerate, who then distributes the raw material to companies that produce high quality paper and wood boards. As a result of its business activities and growth, the borrower has directly or indirectly created 500 jobs in the region.
As a sustainably-focused company, the borrower holds a Rainforest Alliance “Chain of Custody and Controlled Wood” certification from the Forest Stewardship Council (“FSC”), a nonprofit organization that verifies that the farmers providing wood chips meet international environmental and ecological standards. As an ideal wood for forestry, eucalyptus trees can typically grow back repeatedly from the same root system after harvesting the timber. The borrower also sells forest residue to new thermal power plants, which are more energy efficient than older coal-fired plants in Chile. Additionally, for the past five years the borrower has granted annual scholarships to low-income students in the area. True to its original vision, it is helping cultivate not only eucalyptus trees, but the community’s future.
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Waste Management Equipment Distributor
| | |
Investment Overview | | |
Investment Type | | Senior Secured Trade Finance |
Structure | | Purchase and Repurchase Loan Facility |
Facility Amount1 | | $500,000 |
Interest Rate | | 19.50% |
Approximate Repayment Period2 | | < 1 year |
Sector | | Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies |
Collateral Coverage Ratio3 | | ³1.17x |
Environmental, Social, and Governance Screens | | Compliant |
Primary Impact Objective | | Equality & Empowerment |
1 | The facility amount represents the current amount that is available to the borrower under the agreement. This amount may change over time. |
2 | Represents approximate repayment period of transactions drawn under the facility. Due to the revolving nature of trade finance facilities and the timing of their underlying transactions, the length of each transaction repayment period may vary, but generally will not exceed one year. |
3 | The collateral coverage ratio is the amount of collateral the borrower must maintain in relation to the total amount outstanding on the facility. |
Borrower Background
The Company has provided financing to a waste management equipment distributor in South Africa. Established in 2003, the borrower imports and distributes a wide variety of machinery and equipment for public and private sector clients throughout the country, ranging from rock crushers and shrub mulchers to wood chippers and tire shredders. The borrower aims to provide its customers with highly innovative and state-of-the-art equipment that reduces waste and minimizes environmental impact. The borrower consistently strives to satisfy demand through customized solutions in line with the latest technologies and international trends in the global marketplace. The borrower is a small locally-owned enterprise with positive growth prospects and a customer-centric approach to doing business. In support of the borrower’s growth, the Company has provided innovative and flexible financing that will afford the borrower short-term liquidity needed to purchase and import rock crusher equipment for the City of Johannesburg’s exclusive recycling and waste management service provider. The Company’s loan will also support the borrower’s efforts to promote the participation of women and minorities in the work place. Additionally, the borrower:
| • | | Imports equipment that directly supports the City of Johannesburg’s efforts in executing its Growth and Development 2040 strategy and becoming a city that provides sustainability for citizens. |
| • | | Focuses on gender and minority equality and empowerment and implements human resource policies that promote fair hiring and recruitment, fair career advancement, fair compensation, and prevent sexual harassment. |
| • | | Is one of only a few black-owned and operated companies that provide environmental management and waste management solutions in South Africa. |
| • | | Provides financial support to local social service charities that serve underprivileged and at-risk children and women throughout South Africa. |
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ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth our best estimate of how we intend to use the gross and net proceeds from this offering assuming that we sell specified numbers of units pursuant to the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan, which we refer to in this section as our “DRIP offering.” However, the number of units to be offered, including the number of units to be offered pursuant to the DRIP offering, and the other terms of any offering under this prospectus, may vary from these assumptions. Units in the primary offering are currently being publicly offered on a best efforts basis at $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit and pursuant to our DRIP offering plan at the initial price of $9.025 per unit. Units are offered in our primary offering at a price based on the most recent valuation, plus related selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses. Units are offered pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at a price equal to our then current offering price per each class of units, less the sales fees associated with that class of units in the primary offering. As a result, the allocation of units sold pursuant to the primary offering and pursuant to the DRIP offering will affect the gross proceeds, net proceeds and amount invested.
The table assumes that 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class A units, 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class C units and 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class I units. The table also assumes that the full dealer manager fee and sales commission are paid on all units offered in our primary offering to the public on a best efforts basis. The sales commission and, in some cases, all or a portion of the dealer manager fee, may be reduced or eliminated in connection with certain categories of sales. The reduction in these fees is accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the per unit purchase price but does not affect the amounts available to us for investments. After paying the sales commission and the dealer manager fee, we use the net proceeds of the offering to acquire investments and to pay the fees set forth in the table below. Because amounts in the following table are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or use of the offering proceeds.
Until the proceeds from this offering are fully invested, and from time to time thereafter, we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fully fund distributions. Therefore, particularly in the earlier part of this offering, some or all of our distributions may be paid from other sources, such as cash advances by our Advisor, cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees, borrowings and/or proceeds from this offering. We have not placed a cap on the amount of our distributions that may be paid from cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees, and/or proceeds from this offering. During the quarters ending December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, the Sponsor made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750, respectively, which were added to our cash flow from operations in order to cover the distributions made during those quarters.
The following table sets forth information about how we intend to use the proceeds raised in this offering, assuming that we sell: (i) only $2,000,000 in units, the minimum offering amount, in the primary offering; (ii) $1,250,000,000 in units, the maximum offering amount, in the primary offering and no units pursuant to our DRIP offering; and (iii) $1,250,000,000 in units, the maximum offering amount, in the primary offering and $250,000,000 in units pursuant to our DRIP offering. We reserve the right to reallocate the units we are offering between the primary offering and our DRIP offering. The figures set forth below cannot be precisely calculated at this time and will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, rates of reinvestment pursuant to the DRIP offering and any potential reallocation of units between the primary offering and the DRIP offering and to reallocate units among the different classes of units. Therefore, we cannot accurately predict the net proceeds we will realize from a combination of the offerings. The following table is presented solely for informational purposes.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Minimum Primary Offering | | | Maximum Primary Offering | | | Maximum Primary Offering and Distribution Reinvestment Plan | |
| | Amount | | | % of Proceeds | | | Amount | | | % of Proceeds | | | Amount | | | % of Proceeds | |
Gross Offering Proceeds | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 1,250,000,000 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 1,500,000,000 | | | | 100.00 | % |
Less Offering Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling Commissions (1)(2) | | $ | 66,600 | | | | 3.33 | % | | $ | 41,666,667 | | | | 3.33 | % | | $ | 41,666,667 | | | | 2.78 | % |
Dealer Manager Fee (1)(2) | | $ | 48,400 | | | | 2.42 | % | | $ | 30,208,333 | | | | 2.42 | % | | $ | 30,208,333 | | | | 2.01 | % |
Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement (3) | | $ | 100,000 | | | | 5.00 | % | | $ | 15,625,000 | | | | 1.25 | % | | $ | 18,750,000 | | | | 1.25 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Proceeds Available for Investment (4)(5) | | $ | 1,785,000 | | | | 89.25 | % | | $ | 1,162,500,000 | | | | 93.00 | % | | $ | 1,409,375,000 | | | | 93.96 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | The figures in the table are calculated based on rounding to three decimal points. The table assumes that 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class A units, 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class C units and 1/3 of primary offering gross proceeds come from sales of Class I units. We reserve the right to reallocate units being offered among Class A, Class C and Class I units. If all of our gross offering proceeds come from sales of Class A units, we expect to invest approximately 85.25%, if only the minimum offering is sold, to 90.63%, if the maximum offering is sold, of the gross offering proceeds. If gross proceeds are split evenly among the three classes of units (Classes A, C and I) and we only raise $750 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 92.58% and if we only raise $200 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 89.25%. If all of our gross offering proceeds come from the sales of Class A units and we only raise $750 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 88.58% and if we only raise $200 million in this offering, we expect to invest approximately 85.25%. Because no sales commissions or dealer manager fees are paid on units sold pursuant to the DRIP offering, it is not necessary to make any assumptions regarding the number of Class A, Class C and Class I units sold in the distribution reinvestment plan. This table excludes the distribution fees for Class C units, which are paid over time and cannot be paid from offering proceeds. With respect to Class C units, we pay our dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. We will continue paying distribution fees with respect to all Class C units sold in this offering until the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of the Class C units on a national securities exchange, (ii) following the completion of this offering, total underwriting compensation in this offering equaling 10% of the gross proceeds from the primary offering, or (iii) there are no longer any Class C units outstanding. |
(2) | The dealer manager, in its sole discretion, may reallow all or a portion of the sales commission attributable to the units sold by other broker-dealers participating in this offering to them and may also reallow a portion of its dealer manager fee for reimbursement of marketing expenses. The maximum amount of reimbursement will be based on such factors as the number of units sold by participating broker-dealers and the assistance of such participating broker-dealers in marketing the offering. The maximum compensation payable to members of FINRA participating in this offering will not exceed 10.00% of the aggregate gross offering proceeds from the sale of units sold in the primary offering. The sales commission and dealer manager fee are not paid in connection with sales pursuant to the DRIP offering. Thus, the sales commission and dealer manager fee are calculated only on amounts sold in the primary offering. |
(3) | Amount reflected is an estimate. Organization and offering expenses to be paid by us in connection with the organization and formation of our company and this offering include legal, accounting and printing expenses, expenses associated with unitholder relations, escrow agent and transfer agent fees, fulfillment costs, blue sky, SEC and FINRA filing fees, expenses associated with advertising and sales literature prepared by us and detailed and itemized due diligence reimbursements. A portion of our organizational and offering expenses are anticipated to be used for accountable or non-accountable expense reimbursement of cumulative organization and offering expenses which will be deemed additional underwriting compensation pursuant to FINRA Rule 2310. Assuming an aggregate selling commission and a dealer manager fee of 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (which assumes all offering proceeds come from Class A units), we |
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| may reimburse the dealer manager in an amount up to 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds. Because the aggregate selling commission and dealer manager fees will be less than 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (due to portions of the offering proceeds coming from the sale of Class C and Class I units), we may reimburse the dealer manager for expenses in an amount greater than 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds, provided that we will not pay or reimburse any of the foregoing costs to the extent such payment would cause total underwriting compensation to exceed 10.0% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering as of the termination of the offering, as required by the rules of FINRA. We reimburse our Advisor and its affiliates for these costs and for future organization and offering expenses they may incur on our behalf, but only to the extent that the reimbursement does not cause the selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and the other organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed 15.00% of gross offering proceeds as of the date of reimbursement. |
(4) | Until required in connection with our targeted investments, substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering and, thereafter, our working capital reserves, may be invested in highly liquid investments, government obligations, bank certificates of deposit, short-term debt obligations and interest-bearing accounts or other authorized investments as determined by our board of managers. The amount of investments which we are able to make will depend on several factors, including the amount of capital raised in this offering, the extent to which proceeds from our distribution reinvestment plan are used to repurchase units under our unit repurchase program and whether we use offering proceeds to make distributions. We are not able to estimate the amount of investments we may make assuming the sale of any particular number of units. However, in general we expect that the concentration risk of our portfolio of investments will be inversely related to the number of units sold in this offering. |
(5) | We may incur capital expenses and acquisition expenses relating to our investments. At the time we make an investment, we will establish estimates of the capital needs of such investments through the anticipated hold period of the investments. We have not established and do not anticipate that we will establish a permanent reserve for expenses relating to our investment through the anticipated hold period of the investment. However, to the extent that we have insufficient funds for such purposes, we may establish reserves from gross offering proceeds, out of cash flow generated by our investments or out of the net cash proceeds received by us from any sale or payoff of our investments. |
The fees, compensation, income, expense reimbursements, interests and other payments described above payable to our Advisor, our dealer manager and their respective affiliates may increase or decrease during or after this offering.
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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.
| | | | | | | | |
| | At and for the Year ended December 31, 2015 | | | At and for the Year ended December 31, 2014 | |
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | |
Total investment income | | $ | 9,657,063 | | | $ | 3,371,868 | |
Management fees (1) | | | 2,006,532 | | | | 794,737 | |
Incentive fees (1) | | | 1,576,895 | | | | 544,147 | |
Total net expenses | | | 1,772,586 | | | | 651,131 | |
Net investment income | | | 7,884,477 | | | | 2,720,737 | |
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments | | | (318,424 | ) | | | — | |
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations | | | 7,566,053 | | | | 2,720,737 | |
Consolidated Per unit Data: | | | | | | | | |
Net asset value per unit at year end | | $ | 8.543 | | | $ | 8.553 | |
Net investment income | | | 0.75 | | | | 0.69 | |
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations | | | 0.72 | | | | 0.69 | |
Distributions paid | | | 0.72 | | | | 0.70 | |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | | | | | | | | |
Total investment at fair value | | $ | 101,028,104 | | | $ | 53,447,442 | |
Cash | | | 33,246,769 | | | | 7,875,917 | |
Total assets | | | 139,783,516 | | | | 62,929,147 | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,162,909 | | | | 639,155 | |
Total net assets | | | 138,620,607 | | | | 62,289,992 | |
Other Data: | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average annual yield on investments (2) | | | 12.5 | % | | | 12.8 | % |
Number of portfolio companies at year end | | | 25 | | | | 17 | |
(1) | Our Sponsor reimbursed us for a portion of these fees under the Amended Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement. |
(2) | The weighted average yield is based in on the current cost of our investments. |
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We make impact investments in SMEs that provide the opportunity to achieve both competitive financial returns and positive measurable impact. We were organized as a Delaware limited liability company on April 30, 2012. We intend to operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940. We are not a blank check company within the meaning of Rule 419 of Securities Act and have no specific intent to engage in a merger or acquisition in the next 12 months. We have used and intend to continue to use the proceeds raised from the issuance of units to invest in SME through local market sub-advisors in a diversified portfolio of financial assets, including trade finance, direct loans, loan participations, convertible debt instruments, structured credit and preferred and common equity investments. We anticipate that a substantial portion of our assets will consist of collateralized private debt instruments, which we believe offer opportunities for competitive risk-adjusted returns and income generation. We are externally managed and advised by TriLinc Advisors.
Our business strategy is to generate competitive financial returns and positive economic, social and environmental impact by providing financing to SMEs, primarily in developing economies. Our style of investment is referred to as impact investing, which J.P. Morgan Global Research and Rockefeller Foundation in a 2010 report called “an emerging alternative asset class” and defined as investing with the intent to create positive impact beyond financial return. We believe it is possible to generate competitive financial returns while creating positive, measurable impact. We measure the economic, social and environmental impact of our investments using industry-standard metrics, and intend to report using the IRIS metrics. Through our investments in SMEs, we intend to enable job creation and stimulate economic growth.
Our investment objectives are to provide our unitholders current income, capital preservation, and modest capital appreciation. These objectives are achieved primarily through SME trade finance and term loan financing, while employing rigorous risk-mitigation and due diligence practices, and transparently measuring and reporting the economic, social and environmental impacts of our investments. We expect that the majority of our investments will be senior trade finance, senior secured loans and other collateralized loans or loan participations to SMEs with established, profitable businesses in developing economies. With the eight sub-advisors that we have contracted to assist our Advisor in implementing our investment program, we expect to provide growth capital financing generally ranging in size from $5-15 million per transaction for direct SME loans and $500,000 to $5 million for trade finance transactions. We will seek to protect and grow investor capital by: (1) targeting countries with favorable economic growth and investor protections; (2) partnering with sub-advisors with significant experience in local markets; (3) focusing on creditworthy lending targets who have at least 3-year operating histories and demonstrated cash flows enabling loan repayment; (4) making primarily debt investments, backed by collateral and borrower guarantees; (5) employing best practices in our due diligence and risk mitigation processes; and (6) monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
Investments are and will continue to be primarily credit facilities to developing economy SMEs, including trade finance and term loans, through TriLinc Advisor’s team of professional sub-advisors with a local presence in the markets where they invest. We will typically provide financing that is collateralized, has a short to medium-term maturity and is self-liquidating through the repayment of principal. By providing additional liquidity to growing small businesses, we believe we will support both economic growth and the expansion of the global middle class.
The Offering
We are offering up to $1,500,000,000 in our units, $1,250,000,000 of which are being offered to the public at a price based on the most recent valuation, plus related selling commissions, dealer manager fees and
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organization and offering expenses and $250,000,000 of which are being offered pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at a price equal to our then current offering price per each class of units, less the sales fees associated with that class of units in the primary offering. Until the price of units changes pursuant to such a valuation, we will sell units on a continuous basis at a price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. New offering prices will be effective five business days after the board of managers determines to set new prices and we publicly disclose such prices.
As of June 11, 2013, we had raised sufficient offering proceeds to satisfy the minimum offering requirements for our initial public offering with respect to all states other than the state of Pennsylvania and we commenced operations. As of March 31, 2016, we had raised gross proceeds of approximately $189.4 million from the sale of approximately 19.7 million units of our limited liability company interest, including units issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. As of March 31, 2016, we have repurchased approximately 525,200 of our units for approximately $4.7 million.
We are publicly offering three classes of units: Class A units, Class C units and Class I units. The unit classes have different selling commissions and dealer manager fees and there is an ongoing distribution fee with respect to Class C units. We are offering to sell any combination of Class A, Class C and Class I units with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. We reserve the right to reallocate the units between Class A, Class C and Class I and between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
The offering commenced on February 25, 2013. We may sell the units in this offering until December 31, 2016; however, we may decide to extend this offering or we may terminate the offering earlier. In some states, we will need to renew our registration annually in order to continue offering units.
On November 20, 2015, we have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC in connection with the Follow-On Offering. As of the date of this prospectus, the registration statement for the Follow-On Offering has not been declared effective by the SEC. The Follow-On Offering will only commence after the termination of the Offering.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
The following discussion addresses the initial accounting policies that we utilize based on our current expectations of our operations. Our most critical accounting policies involve decisions and assessments that could affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenues and expenses. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements are based will be reasonable at the time made and based upon information available to us at that time. Our critical accounting policies and accounting estimates will be expanded over time as we continue to implement our business and operating strategy. In addition to the discussion below, we also describe our critical accounting policies in the notes to our financial statements.
Basis of Presentation
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires the use of estimates, assumptions and the exercise of subjective judgment as to future uncertainties.
Although we were organized and intend to conduct our business in a manner so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our financial statements are prepared using the specialized accounting principles of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946,Financial Services — Investment Companies. Overall, we believe that the use of investment company accounting makes our financial statements more useful to investors and other financial statement users since it allows a more appropriate basis of comparison to other entities with similar objectives.
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Valuation of Investments
Our board of managers has established procedures for the valuation of our investment portfolio in accordance with ASC 820. ASC 820 requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value. As defined in ASC 820, fair value is the price that would be received when selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
ASC 820 establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability of inputs used in measuring investments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment. Investments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.
Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide disclosures on fair value measurements according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the observability of the inputs used to determine fair values. Investments carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
| • | | Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. |
| • | | Level 2 — Valuations based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable. |
| • | | Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and where there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. The inputs for the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation and is based upon management’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. These investments include debt and equity investments in private companies or assets valued using the market or income approach and may involve pricing models whose inputs require significant judgment or estimation because of the absence of any meaningful current market data for identical or similar investments. The inputs in these valuations may include, but are not limited to, capitalization and discount rates and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples. The information may also include pricing information or broker quotes that include a disclaimer that the broker would not be held to such a price in an actual transaction. Certain investments may be valued based upon estimated value of underlying collateral and include adjustments deemed necessary for estimates of costs to obtain control and liquidate available collateral. The non-binding nature of consensus pricing and/or quotes accompanied by disclaimer would result in classification as Level 3 information, assuming no additional corroborating evidence. |
The inputs used in the determination of fair value may require significant judgment or estimation.
Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at those quotations. Most of our investments will be private investments in companies whose securities are not actively traded in the market and for which quotations will not be available. For those investments for which market quotations are not readily available, or when such market quotations are deemed by TriLinc Advisors not to represent fair value, our board of managers has approved a multi-step valuation process to be followed each fiscal quarter, as described below:
| 1. | Each investment will be valued by TriLinc Advisors in collaboration with the relevant sub-advisor; |
| 2. | For all investments with a maturity of greater than 12 months, we have engaged Duff & Phelps, LLC to conduct a review on the reasonableness of our internal estimates of fair value on each asset on a quarterly rotating basis, with each of such investments being reviewed at least annually, and provide an opinion that TriLinc Advisors’ estimate of fair value for each investment is reasonable; |
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| 3. | The audit committee of our board of managers will review and discuss the preliminary valuation prepared by TriLinc Advisors and any opinion rendered by Duff & Phelps; and |
| 4. | Our board of managers will discuss the valuations and determine the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith based on the input of TriLinc Advisors, Duff & Phelps and the audit committee. Our board of managers is ultimately responsible for the determination, in good faith, of the fair value of each investment. |
Determination of fair value involves subjective judgments and estimates. Below is a description of factors that our board of managers may consider when valuing our investments.
Fixed income investments are typically valued utilizing a market approach, an income approach, or both approaches, as appropriate. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities (including the sale of a business). The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts (for example, interest and principal payments) to a single present value amount (discounted) calculated based on an appropriate discount rate. The measurement is based on the net present value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. In following these approaches, the types of factors that we may take into account in valuing our investments include, as applicable: available current market data, including relevant and applicable market trading and transaction comparables, applicable market yields and multiples, security covenants, call protection provisions, information rights, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the borrower’s ability to make payments, its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the company does business, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public, the principal market for the borrower’s securities and an estimate of the borrower’s enterprise value, among other factors.
We may also look to private merger and acquisition statistics, public trading multiples discounted for illiquidity and other factors, valuations implied by third-party investments in the portfolio companies or industry practices in determining fair value. We may also consider the size and scope of a portfolio company and its specific strengths and weaknesses, as well as any other factors we deem relevant in measuring the fair values of our investments.
Revenue Recognition
We record interest income on an accrual basis to the extent that we expect to collect such amounts. We do not accrue as a receivable interest on loans for accounting purposes if we have reason to doubt our ability to collect such interest. Structuring, upfront and similar fees are recorded as a discount on investments purchased and are accreted into interest income on a straight line basis, which we have determined not be materially different from the effective yield method.
We record prepayment fees for loans and debt securities paid back to the Company prior to their maturity date as income upon receipt.
We generally place loans on non-accrual status when principal and interest are past due 90 days or more or when there is a reasonable doubt that we will collect principal or interest. If, however, management believes the principal and interest will be collected, a loan may be left on accrual status during the period the Company is pursuing repayment of the loan. Accrued interest is generally reversed when a loan is placed on non-accrual. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment of the financial condition of the borrower. Non-accrual loans are generally restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in the Advisor’s judgment, is likely to remain current over the remainder of the term.
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Net Realized Gains or Losses and Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation on Investments
We measure net realized gains or losses by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment, including unamortized upfront fees and prepayment penalties. Realized gains or losses on the disposition of an investment are calculated using the first in first out (“FIFO”) method, utilizing the amortized cost basis of the investment, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, but considering unamortized upfront fees and prepayment penalties. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the change in portfolio investment values during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation, when gains or losses are realized.
Payment-in-Kind Interest
We may have investments that contain a payment-in-kind, or PIK, interest provision. For loans with contractual PIK interest, any interest will be added to the principal balance of such investments and be recorded as income, if the valuation indicates that such interest is collectible.
Organization and Offering Expenses
The Sponsor has incurred organization and offering costs on behalf of the Company. Organization and offering costs are reimbursable to the Sponsor to the extent the aggregate of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and other organization and offering costs do not exceed 15.0% of the gross offering proceeds (the “O&O Reimbursement Limit”) raised from the offering and will be accrued and payable by the Company only to the extent that such costs do not exceed the O&O Reimbursement Limit. Reimbursement of organization and offering costs that exceed the O&O Reimbursement Limit will be expensed in the period they become reimbursable, which is dependent on the gross offering proceeds raised in such period, and are therefore not included on the Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of December 31, 2015 or 2014. These expense reimbursements are subject to regulatory caps and approval by the Company’s board of managers. If the Company sells the maximum amount of the Offering, it anticipates that such expenses will equal approximately 1.25% of the gross proceeds raised. However, such expenses are likely to exceed this percentage because the Offering is now due to terminate on December 31, 2016. Reimbursements to the Sponsor are included as a reduction to net assets on the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Assets.
We may reimburse our dealer manager for certain expenses that are deemed underwriting compensation. Assuming an aggregate selling commission and a dealer manager fee of 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (which assumes all offering proceeds come from Class A units), we would reimburse the dealer manager in an amount up to 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds. Because the aggregate selling commission and dealer manager fees will be less than 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (due to a portion of the offering proceeds coming from the sale of Class C and Class I units), we may reimburse the dealer manager for expenses in an amount greater than 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds, provided that we will not pay or reimburse any of the foregoing costs to the extent such payment would cause total underwriting compensation to exceed 10.0% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering as of the termination of the offering, as required by the rules of FINRA.
Expense Responsibility Agreement
Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement, the Sponsor has paid expenses on behalf of the Company through December 31, 2015 and will additionally pay the accrued operating expenses of the Company as of December 31, 2015 on behalf of the Company. Such expenses will not be reimbursable to the Sponsor until the Company has raised $200 million of gross proceeds, provided any such reimbursement during the period in which the Company is offering units in this offering will not cause the Company’s net asset value per unit to fall below the prior quarter’s net asset value per unit (the “Gross Proceeds Hurdle”). To the extent the Company does not meet the Gross Proceeds Hurdle in any quarter, no
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amount will be payable by the Company for reimbursement to the Sponsor. Therefore, expenses of the Company covered by the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement have not been recorded as expenses of the Company as of December 31, 2015. In accordance with ASC 450,Contingencies, such expenses will be accrued and payable by the Company in the period that they become both probable and estimable.
U.S. Federal Income Taxes
We intend, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to be characterized as a partnership, however, the tax treatment of the Company as a partnership, as opposed to being subject to characterization as a corporation under the rules related to publicly traded partnerships, is highly complex and discussed below in the section, “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Calculation of Net Asset Value
Our net asset value is calculated on a quarterly basis. We calculate our net asset value per unit by subtracting total liabilities from the total value of our assets on the date of valuation and dividing the result by the total number of outstanding units on the date of valuation. See “Value Determinations in Connection with this Offering” below. The net asset value per Class A, Class C and Class I units are calculated on a pro-rata basis based on units outstanding.
Value Determinations in Connection with this Offering
We are offering our units on a continuous basis at a current offering price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit; however, to the extent that our net asset value on the most recent valuation date increases above or decreases below our net proceeds per unit as stated in this prospectus, our board of managers will adjust the offering prices of all classes of units to ensure that no unit is sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, that is above or below our net asset value per unit as of such valuation date.
Promptly following any such adjustment to the offering prices per unit, we will file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement with the SEC disclosing the adjusted offering prices, and we will also post the updated information on our website atwww.trilincglobalimpactfund.com. The adjusted offering prices will become effective five business days after our board of managers determines to set the new prices and we publicly disclose such prices.
Based on the Company’s net asset value of $138,620,607 as of December 31, 2015, our board of managers has determined that no change to the offering price of our units is required and we are continuing to sell our units at their original price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. Our net asset value and the offering prices would have decreased if the Sponsor had not made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750 in the quarters ended December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, respectively, or had not absorbed and deferred reimbursement for a substantial portion of our operating expenses since we began our operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates. There are no new or revised accounting standards that we have not adopted.
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In June 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-08, Financial Services–Investment Companies: Amendments to the Scope, Measurement, and Disclosure Requirements (“ASU 2013-08”). ASU 2013-08 amends the current criteria for an entity to qualify as an investment company, creates new disclosure requirements and amends the measurement criteria for certain interests in other investment companies. ASU 2013-08 became effective January 1, 2014, and did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605,Revenue Recognition. Under the new guidance, an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the implementation of this standard by one year. ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of the amended guidance in ASU 2014-09 is not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s financial statements.
Investments
Our investment objectives are to provide our unitholders current income, capital preservation, and modest capital appreciation. These objectives are achieved primarily through SME trade finance and term loan financing, while employing rigorous risk-mitigation and due diligence practices, and transparently measuring and reporting the economic, social and environmental impacts of our investments. The majority of our investments are senior and other collateralized loans to SMEs with established, profitable businesses in developing economies. With the eight sub-advisors that we have contracted to assist the Advisor in implementing the Company’s investment program, we expect to provide growth capital financing ranging in size from $5-15 million per transaction for direct SME loans and $500,000 to $5 million for trade finance transactions. We seek to protect and grow investor capital by: (1) targeting countries with favorable economic growth and investor protections; (2) partnering with sub-advisors with significant experience in local markets; (3) focusing on creditworthy lending targets who have at least 3-year operating histories and demonstrated cash flows enabling loan repayment; (4) making primarily debt investments, backed by collateral and borrower guarantees; (5) employing best practices in our due diligence and risk mitigation processes; and (6) monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis.
Investments will continue to be primarily credit facilities to developing economy SMEs, including trade finance and term loans, through TriLinc Advisor’s team of professional sub-advisors with a local presence in the markets where they invest. We typically provide financing that is collateralized, has a short to medium-term maturity and is self-liquidating through the repayment of principal. By providing additional liquidity to growing small businesses, we believe we support both economic growth and the expansion of the global middle class.
Revenues
Since we anticipate that the majority of our assets will continue to consist of trade finance instruments and term loans, we expect that the majority of our revenue will continue to be generated in the form of interest. Our senior and subordinated debt investments may bear interest at a fixed or floating rate. Interest on debt securities is generally payable monthly, quarterly or semi-annually. In some cases, some of our investments may provide for deferred interest payments or PIK interest. The principal amount of the debt securities and any accrued but unpaid interest generally are due at the maturity date. In addition, we generate revenue in the form of acquisition and other fees in connection with some transactions. Original issue discounts and market discounts or premiums are capitalized, and we accrete or amortize such amounts as interest income. We record prepayment premiums on loans and debt securities as interest income. Dividend income, if any, will be recognized on an accrual basis to the extent that we expect to collect such amounts.
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Expenses
Our primary operating expenses include the payment of asset management fees and expenses reimbursable to our Advisor under the Advisory Agreement. We bear all other costs and expenses of our operations and transactions.
Since our inception and through December 31, 2015, under the terms of the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement, our Sponsor has assumed substantially all our operating expenses. As of December 31, 2015, the Sponsor has agreed to pay a cumulative total of approximately $7.5 million of operating expenses.
Portfolio and Investment Activity
During the year ended December 31, 2015, we invested, either through direct loans or loans participation, $138,143,039 across 31 portfolio companies. Our investments consisted of senior secured trade finance participations, senior secured term loan participations and senior secured term loans. Additionally, we received proceeds from repayments of investment principal of $90,475,779. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we had invested $77,992,548 across 22 portfolio companies and received repayments of $31,194,554.
At December 31, 2015, our portfolio included 25 companies and was comprised of $5,474,534 or 5.4% in senior secured term loans, $18,484,242 or 18.3% in senior secured term loans participations, and $77,069,328 or 76.3% in senior secured trade finance participations. At December 31, 2014, our portfolio included 17 companies and was comprised of $5,750,000 or 10.8% in senior secured term loans participations, and $47,697,442 or 89.2% in senior secured trade finance participations.
As of December 31, 2015, the weighted average yield, based upon the cost of our portfolio, of our total portfolio, senior secured term loan participations and senior secured trade finance participations at their current cost basis were approximately 12.8%, 16.0%, and 12.0%, respectively. At December 31, 2014, the weighted average yield of our senior secured term loans and senior secured trade finance at their current cost basis were 13.9% and 12.7%, respectively.
Results of Operations
Consolidated operating results for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended | |
| | December 31, 2015 | | | December 31, 2014 | |
Interest income | | $ | 9,568,481 | | | $ | 3,351,246 | |
Interest from cash | | | 88,582 | | | | 20,622 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total investment income | | | 9,657,063 | | | | 3,371,868 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Management fees | | | 2,006,532 | | | | 794,737 | |
Incentive fees | | | 1,576,895 | | | | 544,147 | |
Professional fees | | | 740,057 | | | | 759,428 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 645,747 | | | | 667,789 | |
Board of managers fees | | | 187,500 | | | | 212,750 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 5,156,731 | | | | 2,978,851 | |
Expense support payment from Sponsor | | | (3,384,145 | ) | | | (2,327,720 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net expenses | | | 1,772,586 | | | | 651,131 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 7,884,477 | | | $ | 2,720,737 | |
| | | | | | | | |
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Revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, total investment income amounted to $9,657,063 and $3,371,868, respectively. Interest income increased by $6,217,235 during 2015 primarily as a result of an increase in our weighted average investment portfolio of approximately $49,296,000. The increase in weighted average investment portfolio during 2015 was partially offset by a decrease in the weighted average yield of approximately 0.23% from a weighted average yield of 12.97% for 2014 to approximately 12.74% for 2015.
Interest income of $9,568,481 earned during the year ended December 31, 2015 all came from loan participations and included $225,993 in payment-in-kind interest. In addition, we earned $88,582 in interest income on our cash balances.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, interest income from loan participations and direct loans amounted to $2,954,526 and $294,333, respectively. Interest income also included $102,387 in amortization of upfront fees paid on our secured mezzanine term loan position. In addition, we earned $20,622 in interest income on our cash balances.
Expenses. Total operating expenses, excluding the management and incentive fees, incurred for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by $66,663 or 4.1% to $1,573,304 from $1,639,967 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in board of manager fees of $25,250, general and administrative expenses of $22,042, which was attributable to a decrease in a number of expenses, and professional fees of $19,371. Our Sponsor assumed responsibility for a portion of our operating expenses in the amount of $1,247,516 and $1,534,752 under the Responsibility Agreement for expenses paid or incurred by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the management fees amounted to $2,006,532 and $794,737, respectively. The incentive fees for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $1,576,895 and $544,147 respectively. A portion of the management fees, amounting to $59,357 and $248,821 for 2015 and 2014, respectively, and the entire amounts of the incentive fees for both 2015 and 2014 were paid by the Sponsor under the Responsibility Agreement.
Going forward, we expect our primary expenses to continue to be the payment of asset management fees and the reimbursement of expenses under our Advisory Agreement with the Advisor. We bear other expenses, which include, among other things:
| • | | organization and offering expenses relating to offerings of units, subject to limitations included in our Advisory Agreement; |
| • | | the cost of calculating our net asset value, including the related fees and cost of retaining Duff & Phelps, LLC and any other third-party valuation services; |
| • | | the cost of effecting sales and repurchases of units; |
| • | | fees payable to third parties relating to, or associated with our financial and legal affairs, making investments, and valuing investments, including fees and expenses associated with performing due diligence reviews of prospective investments and sub-advisors; |
| • | | fees payable to our Advisor; |
| • | | interest payable on debt, if any, incurred to finance our investments; |
| • | | transfer agent and custodial fees; |
| • | | fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts; |
| • | | federal and state registration fees; |
| • | | independent manager fees and expenses, including travel expenses; |
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| • | | costs of board meetings, unitholders’ reports and notices and any proxy statements; |
| • | | costs of fidelity bonds, managers and officers errors and omissions liability insurance and other types of insurance; |
| • | | direct costs, including those relating to printing of unitholder reports and advertising or sales materials, mailing, long distance telephone and staff; |
| • | | fees and expenses associated with the collection, monitoring, reporting of the non-financial impact of our investments, including expenses associated with third party external assurance of our impact data; |
| • | | fees and expenses associated with independent audits and outside legal costs, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and applicable federal and state securities laws; |
| • | | any other general and administrative expenses; and |
| • | | all other expenses incurred by us or the Advisor or sub-advisors in connection with administering our investment portfolio, including expenses incurred by our Advisor in performing certain of its obligations under the Advisory Agreement. |
Net Realized Gains or Losses and Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation on Investments. We measure net realized gains or losses by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, but considering unamortized upfront fees and prepayment penalties. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the change in portfolio investment values during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation, when gains or losses are realized. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded $318,424 in net unrealized depreciation. We had no realized or unrealized gains or losses for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Changes in Net Assets from Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, we recorded net increases in net assets resulting from operations of $7,566,053 and $2,720,737, respectively.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2015, we had $33.2 million in cash which reduced our returns during the fourth quarter. We generate cash primarily from the net proceeds from the sale of units, from cash flows from interest, dividends and fees earned from our investments and principal repayments and proceeds from sales of our investments. We may also generate cash in the future from debt financing. Our primary use of cash will be to make loans, either directly or through participations, payments of our expenses and cash distributions to our unitholders. We expect to maintain cash reserves from time to time for investment opportunities, working capital and distributions. From the beginning of the Company’s operations to date, our Sponsor has absorbed substantially all of our operating expenses under the Amended and Restated Responsibility Agreement. During the offering, we will only reimburse the sponsor for expenses covered under the Amended and Restated Responsibility Agreement if we raise $200 million of gross proceeds in the primary offering, provided that any such reimbursement will not cause our net asset value per unit to fall below the prior’s quarter’s net asset value per unit. Therefore, we do not anticipate that any reimbursement to the sponsor during the primary offering would affect our ability to pay distributions. Following the end of the primary offering and if we have raised more than $200 million in gross proceeds, the sponsor could demand the reimbursement of operating expenses covered by the Amended and Restated Responsibility Agreement. Such reimbursements to the sponsor could affect the amount of cash available to the Company to pay distributions and/or make investments.
We sell our units on a continuous basis at initial offering prices of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit, and $9.186 per Class I unit; however, to the extent that our net asset value on the most recent valuation date increases above or decreases below our net proceeds per unit as stated in the our prospectus, our board of managers will adjust the offering prices of all classes of units to ensure that no unit is sold at a price,
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after deduction of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, that is above or below our net asset value per unit as of such valuation date. Based on the valuation with respect to the quarter ended December 31, 2015, the offering price of our units has not changed and we are continuing to sell them at their original prices. However, the valuation and the offering prices would have decreased if the Sponsor had not made a capital contribution in the amount of $31,750 as of March 31, 2014 and $51,034 as of December 31, 2013 and had not absorbed and deferred reimbursement for substantially all of the Company’s operating expenses since it began its operations.
In May 2012, the Advisor purchased 22,160.665 Class A units for aggregate gross proceeds of $200,000. In June 2013, the Sponsor purchased 321,329.639 Class A units for aggregate gross proceeds of $2,900,000. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had sold approximately 16.25 million total units in the Offering (including units pursuant to the Distribution Reinvestment Plan) for total gross offering proceeds of approximately $156million.
We may borrow funds or issue debt securities to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds raised from the issuance of units, to the extent we determine that leveraging our portfolio would be appropriate. We have not decided to what extent we will finance portfolio investments using debt or the specific form that any such financing would take, but we believe that obtaining financing is necessary for the Company to fully achieve its long term goals. Accordingly, we cannot predict with certainty what terms any such financing would have or the costs we would incur in connection with any such arrangement. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had no debt outstanding and no available sources of debt financing. If we are not able to obtain financings, our returns are expected to be lower than originally anticipated.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The Company does not include a contractual obligations table herein as all obligations of the Company are short-term. We have included the following information related to commitments of the Company to further assist investors in understanding the Company’s outstanding commitments.
We have entered into certain contracts under which we have material future commitments. Our Advisory Agreement between us and the Advisor, dated as of February 25, 2014, has a one-year term and is subject to an unlimited number of renewals upon mutual consent of the Company and the Advisor. Our board of managers has determined to extend our Agreement, effective February 25, 2015, through March 24, 2015, the date of the meeting of the board of managers at which the board conducted its annual review of the Advisor’s performance and compensation. On March 24, 2015, the Company renewed its agreement with the Advisor for an additional one-year term. On February 19, 2016, our board of managers determined to extend our Advisory Agreement, effective March 24, 2016, for an additional one year term. The Advisor will serve as our advisor in accordance with the terms of our Advisory Agreement. Payments under our Advisory Agreement in each reporting period will consist of (i) an asset management fee equal to a percentage of the value of our gross assets, as defined in the agreement, and (ii) the reimbursement of certain expenses. Certain subordinated fees based on our performance are payable after our subordination is met.
If any of our contractual obligations discussed above are terminated, our costs may increase under any new agreements that we enter into as replacements. We would also likely incur expenses in locating alternative parties to provide the services we expect to receive under our Advisory Agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than contractual commitments and other legal contingencies incurred in the normal course of our business, we do not expect to have any off-balance sheet financings or liabilities. We will reimburse organization and offering expenses to the Sponsor to the extent that the aggregate of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and other organization and offering costs do not exceed 15.0 % of the gross offering proceeds raised from the
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offering. As of December 31, 2015, the total amount that would be due to be reimbursed to the sponsor is approximately $2.2 million. Pursuant to the terms of an Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement between us and the sponsor, the sponsor has paid expenses on our behalf through December 31, 2015 and will pay additional accrued operating expenses of us, which will not be reimbursable to the sponsor until we have raised $200 million of gross proceeds in the offering, provided that any such reimbursement during the period of the offering will not cause our net asset value per unit to fall below the prior quarter’s net asset value per unit. Such expenses will be expensed and payable by us in the period they become reimbursable and are estimated to be approximately $7.5 million through December 31, 2015.
Distributions
We have paid distributions commencing with the month beginning July 1, 2013, and we intend to continue to pay distributions on a monthly basis. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Distributions are subject to the board of managers’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions and accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will make distributions at a specific rate or at all. Distributions will be made on all classes of our units at the same time. The cash distributions with respect to the Class C units will be lower than the cash distributions with respect to Class A and Class I units because of the distribution fee relating to Class C units, which will be allocated as a Class C specific expense. Amounts distributed to each class will be allocated among the unitholders in such class in proportion to their units. Distributions will be paid in cash or reinvested in units, for those unitholders participating in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we paid a total of $7,565,310 in distributions, comprised of $4,808,358 paid in cash and $2,756,952 reinvested under our Distribution Reinvestment Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we paid a total of $2,751,722 in distributions, comprised of $1,939,052 paid in cash and $812,669 reinvested under our Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
Legal Proceedings
Neither we nor our Advisor are currently subject to any material legal proceedings nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us or our Advisor.
Recent Developments
Distributions
On January 19, 2016, with the authorization of our board of managers, the Company declared distributions for all classes of units for the period from January 1 through January 31, 2016. These distributions were calculated based on unitholders of record for each day in an amount equal to $0.00197268 per unit per day (less the distribution fee with respect to Class C units). On February 1, 2016, $582,740 of these distributions were paid in cash and on January 31, 2016, $421,766 were reinvested in the Company’s units for those investors participating in the Company’s unit Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
On February 19, 2016, with the authorization of the Company’s board of managers, the Company declared distributions for all classes of units for the period from February 1 through February 29, 2016. These distributions were calculated based on unitholders of record for each day in an amount equal to $0.00197268 per unit per day (less the distribution fee with respect to Class C units). On March 1, 2016, $582,483 of these distributions were paid in cash and on February 29, 2016, $427,352 were reinvested in the Company’s units for those unitholders participating in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan.
On March 28, 2016, with the authorization of the Company’s board of managers, the Company declared distributions for all classes of units for the period from March 1 through March 31, 2016. These distributions will be calculated based on unitholders of record for each day in an amount equal to $0.00197268 per unit per day (less the distribution fee with respect to Class C units). These distributions will be paid in cash or reinvested in units, for those unitholders participating in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan on or about April 1, 2016.
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Status of the Offering
Subsequent to December 31, 2015 through March 31, 2016, the Company sold approximately 3,414,000 units in the Offering (including shares issued pursuant to the Distribution Reinvestment Plan) for approximately $32,910,000 in gross proceeds. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had received $189.4 million in total gross offering proceeds through the issuance of approximately 19.7 million total units in the Offering (including shares issued pursuant to the Distribution Reinvestment Plan).
During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, the Company received 4 unit repurchase requests for a total of 498,943 units. All 4 repurchase requests were processed by the Company on April 7, 2016 at a price per unit of $9.025 for a total of $4,502,964.
Unit Offering Price
Based on the Company’s net asset value of $138,620,607 as of December 31, 2015, our board of managers has determined that no change to the offering price of our units is required and we are continuing to sell our units at their original price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. Our net asset value and the offering prices would have decreased if the Sponsor had not made a capital contribution in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750 in the quarters ended December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, respectively, or had not absorbed and deferred reimbursement for a substantial portion of our operating expenses since we began our operations.
Investments
Subsequent to December 31, 2015 through March 25, 2016, the Company funded approximately $36.3 million in new loans and received proceeds from repayment of loans of approximately $23.6 million.
Agreements
On March 28, 2016 we entered into an Amended and Restated Operating Expenses Responsibility Agreement with our Sponsor and Advisor. Pursuant to the term of this agreement, our Sponsor agreed to be responsible for our cumulative operating expenses incurred through December 31, 2015, including management and incentive fees earned by the Advisor during the quarter ended December 31, 2015.
Our Advisory Agreement between us and the Advisor, dated as of February 25, 2014, had been previously renewed and is subject to an unlimited number of one-year renewals upon mutual consent of the Company and the Advisor. On February 19, 2016, our board of managers determined to extend our Advisory Agreement, effective March 24, 2016, for an additional one year term.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. Our investments are currently structured with both fixed and floating interest rates. Those structured with floating rates are referenced to LIBOR and incorporate fixed interest rate floors. If rates go down further, interest income will not decrease from current levels. To the extent that interest rates go up substantially, these investments will accrue higher amounts of income than currently being realized. Returns on investments that carry fixed rates are not subject to fluctuations in interest rates, and will not adjust should rates move up or down.
To the extent that we borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will be dependent upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest these funds. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would increase, which may reduce our net investment income. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. We had no outstanding debt as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.
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Although we operate in a number of foreign markets, as of March 31, 2016, all of our investments are currently denominated in U.S. dollars. Therefore, the current portfolio does not present currency risk to U.S. unitholders. In the future, we may hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations by using standard hedging instruments such as futures, options and forward contracts. While hedging activities may insulate us against adverse changes in interest rates, they may also limit our ability to participate in benefits of lower interest rates with respect to our portfolio of investments with fixed interest rates.
The following table provides information about our market risk related to changes in interest rates. The future principal payments and weighted-average interest rates are presented as of December 31, 2015. These investments maturities reflect contractual maturity dates. See note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our investments.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Future Principal Payments and Interest Rates by the Investments Contractual Year of Maturity | |
| | 2016 | | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | | 2019 | | | 2020 | | | Total | | | Fair Value (a) | |
Fixed rate investments | | $ | 78,633,909 | | | $ | 4,728,243 | | | $ | 3,168,346 | | | $ | 1,953,363 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 88,483,861 | | | $ | 88,165,437 | |
Weighted average interest rate (b) | | | 11.89 | % | | | 15.84 | % | | | 15.06 | % | | | 13.50 | % | | | — | | | | 12.06 | % | | | | |
Variable rate investments | | $ | 2,137,806 | | | $ | 2,850,408 | | | $ | 2,850,408 | | | $ | 2,850,408 | | | $ | 2,267,806 | | | $ | 12,956,836 | | | $ | 12,862,666 | |
Weighted average interest rate (b) | | | 15.42 | % | | | 15.42 | % | | | 15.42 | % | | | 15.42 | % | | | 15.42 | % | | | 15.42 | % | | | | |
(a) | Fair value as reported in our consolidated financial statements |
(b) | Weighted average rate is based on the investments stated rate |
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MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
Board of Managers
We operate under the direction of our board of managers, whose members are accountable to us and to our unitholders as fiduciaries. The board is responsible for the direction and control of our affairs. The board has engaged our Advisor to manage our day-to-day affairs and our portfolio of investment assets, subject to the board’s supervision. Because of the conflicts of interests created by the relationships between us and our Advisor and its affiliates, certain of the responsibilities of the board have been delegated to a committee comprised exclusively of independent managers. For more information, please see the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest.”
We currently have five managers on our board of managers, three of whom are independent of us, our Advisor, our Sponsor and our respective affiliates. Our full board of managers has determined that each of our independent managers is independent in accordance with our operating agreement. Our operating agreement defines an “independent manager” as a person who has not been, directly or indirectly associated with our Sponsor or our Advisor within previous two years by virtue of:
| • | | ownership interests in our Sponsor, our Advisor or any of their affiliates, other than any compensation received for being a manager or director as permitted below; |
| • | | employment by our Sponsor, our Advisor or any of their affiliates; |
| • | | service as an officer, director or manager of our Sponsor, our Advisor or any of their affiliates, other than as a manager or director for us and up to two other funds organized by our Sponsor or advised by our Advisor with securities registered under the federal securities laws; |
| • | | performance of services, other than as our manager; or |
| • | | maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with our Sponsor, our Advisor or any of their affiliates. |
We refer to our managers who are not independent as our “affiliated managers.” Our operating agreement sets forth the material business or professional relationships that cause a person to be affiliated with us and therefore not eligible to serve as an independent manager. A business or professional relationship is per se material if the prospective independent manager received more than five percent of his annual gross income in the last two years from our Sponsor, our Advisor or any affiliate of our Sponsor or our Advisor, or if more than five percent of his net worth, on a fair market value basis, has come from our Sponsor, our Advisor or any affiliate of our Sponsor or our Advisor.
The board of managers may increase the number of managers and fill any vacancy on the board of managers, whether resulting from an increase in the number of managers or otherwise. Any vacancies on our board of managers may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining managers in office, even if the remaining managers do not constitute a quorum. Any replacements for vacancies among the independent managers will be nominated by the remaining independent managers. In addition, our unitholders, by a majority vote, may remove a manager and elect a new manager.
Our managers are accountable to us and to our unitholders as fiduciaries. This means that each manager must perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner that each manager considers to be in our best interest and in the best interests of the unitholders. Our managers have a fiduciary responsibility for the safekeeping and use of all funds and assets of the Company and will not employ or permit another to employ such funds or assets in any manner except for the exclusive benefit of the Company. Further, our managers must act with such care as a prudent person in a similar situation would use under similar circumstances, including exercising reasonable inquiry when acting. However, our managers are not required to devote all of their time to our business and must devote only that portion of their time to our business as the reasonable execution of the
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duties shall require. Our managers are not required to devote a significant portion of their time to us in discharging their duties.
In addition to meetings of the various committees of the board, which committees we describe below, we expect our board of managers to hold at least four regular board meetings each year. Our board has the authority to pay compensation to independent managers in connection with services rendered to us in any other capacity.
Our general investment and borrowing policies are set forth in this prospectus. Our board of managers may establish further written policies pertaining to investment and borrowing. Our independent managers review the investment and borrowing policies of the Company with sufficient frequency (and, upon commencement of this offering, at least annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Company at any time are in the best interests of the unitholders. Each such determination and the basis therefore is set forth in the minutes of the meetings of our board of managers. Unless modified by our board of managers, we will follow the policies and procedures set forth in this prospectus.
Managers and Executive Officers
As of the date of this prospectus, our managers and executive officers and their positions and offices are as follows:
| | | | | | |
Name | | Age | | | Position |
Gloria S. Nelund | | | 54 | | | Chairman of our Board of Managers, Chief Executive Officer and President |
Brent VanNorman | | | 55 | | | Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Manager |
Paul Sanford | | | 40 | | | Chief Investment Officer |
Terry Otton | | | 61 | | | Independent Manager |
Cynthia Hostetler | | | 52 | | | Independent Manager |
R. Michael Barth | | | 66 | | | Independent Manager |
Gloria S. Nelund, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President
Gloria S. Nelund has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since our formation in April 2012 and became our President in December 2014. In addition, she has served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of our Advisor since its formation in April 2012, Chief Compliance Officer of our Advisor since October 2013, President of our Advisor since December 2014, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of our Sponsor since its formation in August 2008 and President of our Sponsor from December 2014 until October 2015. From October 2006 until August 2008, Ms. Nelund served as the President and founder of Titus Development Group, LLC, a consulting firm focusing on strategy development, business planning and launch for start-up companies, as well as growth planning for small to mid-sized firms. Prior to founding Titus Development, LLC, Ms. Nelund spent her career as a high level executive in the international Asset Management Industry. Most recently, Ms. Nelund served as Head of the U.S. Private Wealth Management Division at Deutsche Bank, the world’s fifth largest financial institution. In this capacity, Ms. Nelund held fiduciary responsibility for more than $50 billion in investment assets, including more than $20 billion in emerging markets and credit instruments. In addition to this role, Ms. Nelund served as the only female member of the Global Private Wealth Management Executive Committee. Ms. Nelund had served as the Managing Director of Scudder Kemper Investments, prior to its purchase by Deutsche Bank.
Prior to her tenure at Deutsche Bank, Ms. Nelund spent sixteen years as an executive at Bank of America / Security Pacific Bank, most notably as President and CEO of BofA Capital Management, Inc., an investment management subsidiary managing $35 billion in assets for both retail and institutional investors. In addition to managing fixed-income and equity mutual funds in both the U.S. and internationally, Ms. Nelund’s division was responsible for managing assets on behalf of public funds, common trust funds and corporate funds. Ms. Nelund
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also spent five years as Manager of Worldwide Sales and Marketing of BofA Global Asset Management and three years as CEO of InterCash Capital Advisors, Inc., a $15 billion investment management subsidiary of Security Pacific Bank.
Ms. Nelund has been a pioneer in the development of Social Impact products for institutional and high net worth investors. While at Scudder, she supported the development and growth of one of the industry’s first socially responsible investment (SRI) products. In addition, Ms. Nelund was instrumental in making Deutsche Bank a major institutional supporter of microcredit, creating multiple programs for Private Wealth Management clients.
Ms. Nelund brings to us more than 30 years of experience in executive management of financial institutions, as well as deep expertise in the creation, sale and distribution of financial products within the wealth management community.
In addition to her activities with TriLinc, Ms. Nelund is Chairman of the Board and Independent Trustee for RS Investments, a mutual fund complex with more than $20 billion in assets under management. She is also a life-long supporter of development-oriented philanthropic causes. While at Deutsche Bank, Ms. Nelund served on the Board of the Deutsche Bank Americas Community Development Group, with responsibility for providing loans, investments and grants to targeted organizations throughout the U.S. and Latin America. She has also volunteered as a teacher of at-risk youth in the Los Angeles Unified School District and the YMCA of Los Angeles. Ms. Nelund currently sits on the board of multiple not-for-profit organizations and actively supports entrepreneurship research and education. She is an active speaker and guest lecturer on Impact Investing at conferences and several top business schools, including Wheaton, Kellogg and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ms. Nelund attended the University of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio as a Business and Economics major, and she is a graduate of the University of Virginia Colgate Darden Graduate School’s Sales and Marketing Executives Program.
We believe that Ms. Nelund’s qualifications to serve as Chairman of our board of managers include her over 30 years’ of experience in the international asset management industry, including significant experience serving as CEO of multiple investment institutions. In addition, her experience as a pioneer in the development of social impact products for institutional and high net worth investors affords her a unique perspective on the evolving world of impact investing and these insights will be valuable to us.
Paul Sanford, Chief Investment Officer
Paul Sanford has served as our Chief Investment Officer since our formation in April 2012. In addition, Mr. Sanford has served as the Chief Investment Officer of our Advisor since its formation in April 2012 and as Chief Investment Officer of our Sponsor since July 2011. From September 2007 until July 2011, Mr. Sanford was Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer for a Los Angeles-based boutique Registered Investment Advisor, where he was responsible for developing and implementing the firm’s Global Investment Strategy, performing manager due diligence, and managing all fund investment relationships. Mr. Sanford’s extensive experience in the banking and investment industry also includes portfolio manager positions at Deutsche Bank, HSBC and Morton Capital Management.
Mr. Sanford has over fifteen years of experience developing, managing and executing global macro investment strategies at both large global banks and boutique investment firms. Throughout his career, Mr. Sanford has followed and invested in emerging markets as part of his various investment mandates, including conducting extensive research on developing economies and reviewing and selecting leading managers of emerging market debt and equities, most prominently as Portfolio Manager for Latin American accounts at the U.S. Private Bank of HSBC. Mr. Sanford has a deep understanding of macroeconomics and geo-politics, and an in-depth knowledge of traditional and alternative asset classes in both public and private capital markets. For over a decade, Mr. Sanford has been a global macro investor with a focus on Central Bank policy, GDP growth trends, global interest rates, global currencies and foreign government policies.
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Mr. Sanford holds a B.A. in Business Economics from California State University, Long Beach and previously served in the United States Marine Corps. He is a member of the CFA Society of Los Angeles and the CFA Institute. Mr. Sanford serves on the Investment Committee for the City of Hope, an independent biomedical research, treatment and education institution, leading the fight to conquer cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS and other life-threatening diseases.
Brent L. VanNorman, Esq., CPA, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary and Manager
Brent L. VanNorman has served as our Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary, as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of our Advisor since October 2013 and as President of our Sponsor since November 2015. Mr. VanNorman also served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company since October 2013 until his appointment as Chief Financial Officer of the Company in August 2014. Mr. VanNorman has served as a Manager since December 2014. Prior to joining us, Mr. VanNorman served as a key member of the Intellectual Property and Litigation Team for the international law firm of Hunton & Williams LLP, beginning his practice there in 2000, and terminating when he joined the Company. Prior to practicing law, Mr. VanNorman served as a Chief Information Officer for The Title Office, where he managed the accounting, data processing and marketing departments, along with 15 of the company’s 42 offices.
Prior to his tenure at The Title Office, Mr. VanNorman was a Senior Manager with the international CPA firm of Crowe Horwath (formerly Crowe Chizek), where he oversaw large consulting projects in the firm’s Systems Consulting Group. In addition to appearing in many federal courts throughout the country and at all levels in the Virginia state court system, Mr. VanNorman is a patent attorney. He is also a Certified Public Accountant, Certified Computer Programmer and is Certified in Production and Inventory Management. Mr. VanNorman graduatedmagna cum laude from Anderson University in Anderson, Indiana, with majors in Accounting and Computer Science. He was recognized as the Outstanding Accounting graduate. Mr. VanNorman graduatedsumma cum laude, from Regent University School of Law and was recognized as the Outstanding Law School Graduate in addition to being Editor-in-Chief of the school’s law review. He has served as an adjunct law professor at his alma mater. Mr. VanNorman is Gloria S. Nelund’s brother-in-law. Mr. VanNorman brings a breadth of experience in business, accounting, data processing, and the law to the TriLinc’s management team. Mr. VanNorman has served on the Board of Directors of IMPACT International, a not for profit organization since 2004 and on the Board of Directors of CCG Systems, Inc. since September 2015.
Terry Otton, Independent Manager
Terry Otton served as Chief Executive Officer of RS Investments from September 2005 until his retirement in March 2012 and as President and Trustee of RS Investment Trust and RS Variable Products Trust since April 2004 and May 2006 until March 2012, respectively. Mr. Otton re-joined RS Investments in 2004 and became Chief Executive Officer in September 2005. Mr. Otton has 30 years of experience in the investment management and securities industry, having previously served since 2001 as a Managing Director of the mergers and acquisition practice at Putnam Lovell NBF Group, an investment banking firm focused on the investment management and securities industry. Previously, Mr. Otton spent more than 10 years as a Managing Director and CFO of Robertson, Stephens & Company and Robertson Stephens Investment Management, the predecessor to RS Investments. Mr. Otton was one of the principal founders of Robertson Stephens Investment Management in 1986. Mr. Otton serves on the Board of Trustees of the Children’s Hospital and Research Center Foundation and as a Board member and past President of the Foundation of City College of San Francisco and serves on the Board of Trustees of the Cal State East Bay Educational Foundation Board. Mr. Otton holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of California at Berkeley and is a Certified Public Accountant.
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Mr. Otton was selected to serve on the Company’s board of managers because of his over 30 years of experience in the investment management and securities industry. Having most recently served as Chief Executive Officer of RS Investments and President and Trustee of RS Investment Trust and RS Variable Products Trust, Mr. Otton brings recent and relevant perspective on the state of the investment management industry. He is also able to provide valuable insight with regard to our investment strategy, regulatory and compliance oversight and operational processes.
Cynthia Hostetler, Independent Manager
Cynthia Hostetler has been an independent trustee of the Artio Global Investment Funds since November 2011 and an independent director of Artio Global Equity Fund Inc. since November 2010 until 2013, when Artio Global was acquired by Aberdeen Asset Management. Since 2013, Ms. Hostetler has served as an independent trustee of the Aberdeen Investment Funds. Ms. Hostetler has also served since May 2012 as an independent director of Edgen Group (NYSE:EDG), an energy infrastructure company. EDG was acquired by Sumitomo Corporation in late 2013. Additionally, Ms. Hostetler has served on the Board of Directors of Vulcan Materials Company (NYSE: VMC), a producer of construction aggregates and other construction materials, since July 2014. From August 2001 until her retirement in January 2009, Ms. Hostetler was the Head of Private Equity and Vice President of Investment Funds at the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC). Prior to OPIC, Ms. Hostetler was the President and a member of the Board of Directors of First Manhattan Bancorporation. Ms. Hostetler began her professional career as an attorney in the corporate/banking department of the law firm Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Southern Methodist University and her law degree from The University of Virginia School of Law.
Ms. Hostetler was selected to serve on the Company’s board of managers because of her direct experience in investing and development in the geographic regions in which TriLinc operates, as well as her extensive experience in the banking and investment industries. As TriLinc seeks to establish and leverage relationships with DFIs, Ms. Hostetler’s seven years as Vice President of Investment Funds at OPIC should position her as an excellent source of insight and guidance in working with these institutions. Her diverse board positions make her a valuable resource in the areas of risk management, governance, valuation and with regard to certain sectors in which we anticipate making investments.
R. Michael Barth, Independent Manager
R. Michael Barth has been a Managing Partner of Barth & Associates LLC, an emerging markets capital advisory and consulting firm, since January 2012. Previously, Mr. Barth held various positions with Darby Overseas Investment Ltd., a 100% subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Investments, including Senior Advisor, Business Development from January 2011 until January 2012, Senior Director, Business Development from January 2009 until January 2011, Senior Managing Director, Global Investment from March 2007 until January 2009 and Managing Director, Global Investment from March 2006 until March 2007. Before joining Darby, Mr. Barth spent over twenty years working for some of the most prominent development finance institutions in the world. Mr. Barth holds a Masters Degree in International Economics / International Affairs from the Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies, and a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics from Brandeis University.
Mr. Barth was selected to serve on the Company’s board of managers because of his distinguished career in emerging markets development and investment. His qualifications to serve on the Company’s board of managers span more than 30 years’ of relevant experience in development/emerging markets, including serving as Chief Executive Officer of FMO (Netherlands Development Finance Company), Director of the Capital Markets Development Department at the World Bank and several senior positions at the International Finance Corporation, the private sector arm of the World Bank Group. Mr. Barth is currently Chairman of the Board of SFC Ltd., part of the AfricInvest Group, and is also a member of the Boards of Directors of FINCA Microfinance Holding and SNV (USA), Bamboo Finance (Luxembourg), and SNV (USA). He is also a member of the
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Investment Committee of private equity manager Tuninvest /Africinvest. Additionally, he is a non-resident Fellow of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a member of the Expert Advisory Board of Dalberg Global Development Advisors, the International Council of the Bretton Woods Committee. Previously, he has held several board positions, including of EMPEA, the Emerging Markets Private Equity Association. Mr. Barth was recently appointed as a Senior Advisor to EMPEA.
Unless a manager resigns, is removed “for cause” by the majority of the remaining managers (excluding the manager being removed) or is removed by the majority vote of our unitholders, our managers serve for our duration. Our executive officers serve until their successors are elected and qualify. Our executive officers act as our agents, execute contracts and other instruments in our name and on our behalf, and in general perform all duties incident to their offices and such other duties as may be prescribed by our board of managers from time to time. Our officers devote such portion of their time to our affairs as is required for the performance of their duties, but they are not required to devote all of their time to us. Each of our executive officers is also an officer of our Advisor. See “— Our Advisor,” below.
Committees of the Board of Managers
Our board of managers may delegate many of its powers to one or more committees. Our operating agreement requires that each of these committees be majority-comprised of our independent managers and our board has two committees, the audit committee and the corporate governance and conflicts committee, each of which consists solely of independent managers.
Audit Committee
Our board of managers has established an audit committee that consists of Messrs. Terry Otton and R. Michael Barth, and has designated Mr. Terry Otton as an audit committee financial expert. The audit committee assists our board in overseeing the following:
| • | | our accounting and financial reporting policies; |
| • | | the integrity and audits of our financial information; |
| • | | our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; |
| • | | quarterly valuations of our investment portfolio; and |
| • | | the performance of our risk management function and the independent auditors. |
The audit committee has selected the independent public accountants to audit our annual financial statements, and reviews with the independent public accountants the plans and results of the audit engagement, and consider and approve the audit and non-audit services provided by the independent public accountants.
Corporate governance and conflicts committee
In order to assist our board with certain corporate governance procedures and to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts of interest, our operating agreement creates a corporate governance and conflicts committee of the board of managers, which is composed of all of our independent managers, Messrs. Terry Otton and R., Michael Barth and Ms. Cynthia Hostetler. Our operating agreement authorizes the corporate governance and conflicts committee to act on any matter permitted under state law. Both the board of managers and the corporate governance and conflicts committee are expected to act jointly on any conflict-of-interest issues. Our operating agreement also authorizes the corporate governance and conflicts committee to retain its own legal or financial advisors. For more information, please see the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest.”
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Compensation of Executive Officers and Managers
We do not currently have any employees nor do we currently intend to hire any employees. Each of our executive officers, including each executive officer who serves as a manager, is employed by our Sponsor and also serves as an executive officer of our Advisor. Each of these individuals receives compensation from our Sponsor for his or her services, including services performed for us and for our Advisor. As executive officers of our Advisor, these individuals manage our day-to-day affairs and carry out the directives of our board of managers in the review and selection of our sub-advisor and review of our investment opportunities and oversee and monitor our acquired investments. Although we reimburse our Advisor for certain expenses incurred in connection with providing these services to us, we do not pay any compensation directly to our executive officers and we do not reimburse our Advisor for the salaries and benefits paid to our named executive officers, as defined under the federal securities rules and regulations.
We compensate each of our independent managers with an annual retainer of $50,000, which will be pro-rated in the event of a partial term. In addition, we pay our independent managers fees for participating on committees of the board as follows:
| • | | each member of a committee of the board receives $5,000 annually for each committee upon which he or she serves; and |
| • | | the chairman of the audit committee receives an additional annual retainer of $10,000 and the chairman of any other committee receives an additional annual retainer of $2,500, each of which are pro-rated in the event of a partial term. |
All managers shall be entitled to reimbursement of reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at any meeting of the board of managers or a committee thereof. If a manager is also one of our officers, we do not pay any compensation to said manager for services rendered as a manager. In addition, we purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of our managers and officers.
Limited Liability and Indemnification of Managers, Officers, Employees and Other Agents
Our organizational documents limit the liability of our managers and officers to us and our unitholders for monetary damages and require us to indemnify our officers, our Advisor, and its affiliates for losses they may incur by reason of their service in that capacity if all of the following conditions are met:
| • | | the party seeking exculpation or indemnification has determined in good faith that the course of action leading to the loss or liability was in our best interests; |
| • | | the party seeking exculpation or indemnification was acting on our behalf or providing services to us; |
| • | | in the case of an independent manager, the loss or liability was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the independent manager; |
| • | | in the case of an affiliated manager, our Advisor or one of its affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the party seeking exculpation or indemnification; and |
| • | | the indemnification is recoverable only out of net assets and not from our unitholders. |
The SEC and certain states, including Pennsylvania, take the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is against public policy and unenforceable. Furthermore, our organizational documents prohibit the indemnification of our officers, our managers, our Advisor, any of its affiliates, or any other person operating as a broker-dealer for liabilities arising from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions is met:
| • | | there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations; |
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| • | | such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or |
| • | | a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the indemnitees and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authorities in states in which the securities were offered as to indemnification for violations of securities law. |
Our operating agreement also provides that advancement of funds to managers, our Advisor or any of its affiliates for reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are met:
| • | | the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf; |
| • | | the proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a unitholder or, if by a unitholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement; and |
| • | | the person seeking advancement seeks to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by us, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon; if it is ultimately determined that such individual is not entitled to indemnification. |
We also purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of all our managers and executive officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with us.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No compensation committee exists, and no deliberations occurred with respect to executive compensation, as no executive officers receive any compensation for their service as executive officers.
Our Advisor
Our Advisor is TriLinc Advisors, LLC. Our officers and two of our managers also are officers, key personnel and/or members of our Advisor. Our Advisor has fiduciary responsibility to us and our unitholders pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. The officers and key personnel of our Advisor are as follows:
| | | | | | |
Name | | Age | | | Position |
Gloria S. Nelund | | | 54 | | | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Compliance Officer |
Brent VanNorman | | | 55 | | | Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Manager |
Paul Sanford | | | 40 | | | Chief Investment Officer |
Patrick Miller | | | 52 | | | Executive Vice President |
Michael Dean | | | 45 | | | Head of Credit |
Marni Hodder | | | 43 | | | Director of Operations and Compliance |
Jean-Marc Plantier | | | 48 | | | Director of Finance |
For biographical information for Ms. Nelund and Messrs. VanNorman and Sanford, see “— Managers and Executive Officers” above.
Patrick Miller, Executive Vice President
Patrick Miller has served as Executive Vice President of our Advisor since its formation in April, 2012. He is a co-founder of our dealer manager and has served as its President since its formation in March, 2009. In addition, he is co-founder and Managing Director of Strategic Capital Companies, LLC, an advisory company
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with the focus on advising companies on marketing alternative investment products via professional financial intermediaries. Mr. Miller is responsible for overall strategy and new business development at Strategic Capital Companies. Mr. Miller has also served as Executive Vice President of Carter/Validus Advisors, LLC since April, 2010. Prior to founding Strategic Capital Companies, he served as President of KBS Capital Markets Group, LLC since the company’s inception in October, 2005. During his tenure, KBS raised approximately $1.7 billion in investment capital for KBS Real Estate Investment Trust and successfully launched KBS Real Estate Investment Trust II, Inc. From 2002 until joining KBS Capital Markets Group in October, 2005, Mr. Miller served as President and Chief Executive Officer of FinancialCampus, an online education and training company serving the financial services industry. He was responsible for facilitating the successful acquisition of the company by the Thomson Corporation in 2004. Mr. Miller also served as Chief Executive Officer of Equitable Distributors Inc., the wholesale distribution subsidiary of AXA Financial until 2001. Mr. Miller was elected Chief Executive Officer in 2000 after having joined Equitable Distributors at its inception in 1996 as President of the Wirehouse Division. Mr. Miller obtained a Bachelor of Arts from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1985. Mr. Miller serves on the Board of Trustees for the Investment Program Association.
Michael Dean, Head of Credit
Michael Dean has served as Head of Credit of our Advisor and our Sponsor since January, 2014 and previously served as Senior Credit Officer from December, 2012 until December, 2013. From July 2011 through December 2012, Mr. Dean served as Executive Director at Umoya Capital Management, Inc. a California based boutique consulting firm that advises hedge funds, fund of hedge funds, and banks focused on asset-based lending. From May 2010 through June 2011, Mr. Dean was Head of Fund Risk and Operational Due Diligence at Harcourt Investment Consulting, a Fund of Hedge Funds based in Zurich, Switzerland. During his tenure at Harcourt, Mr. Dean directed all operational due diligence activities across the firm’s investment portfolio and spearheaded the wind-down of the firm’s legacy asset-based lending positions. From January 2007 through May 2010, Mr. Dean served as Director and Investment Analyst at Gottex Fund Management, a Swiss based Fund of Hedge Funds. Based in New York, Mr. Dean performed detailed due diligence on asset-based lending and credit opportunity funds in the U.S., Latin America and Europe. Before joining Gottex, Mr. Dean spent seven years at Sovereign Bank structuring and underwriting asset-based and middle market loans.
Mr. Dean graduated from Boston University with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and International Relations. Born and raised in South Africa, Mr. Dean is a dual citizen of South Africa and the UK and is fluent in Afrikaans.
Marni Hodder, Director of Operations and Compliance
Marni Hodder has served as Director of Operations and Compliance of our Advisor and Sponsor since April 2015. Prior to that, Ms. Hodder served as Chief Impact Officer of our Advisor since its formation in April, 2012 until March, 2015, and of our Sponsor from July, 2011 until March, 2015. She also served as Compliance Officer of our Advisor and our Sponsor from July, 2013 until March, 2015. From September, 2007 until July, 2011, Ms. Hodder served as Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer for Tow Financial Advisors, a Los Angeles-based boutique registered investment advisor, or RIA, where she was also a member of the Investment Committee. From March 2005 until September 2007, she served as Compliance and Benefits Manager for Tow. During her tenure at Tow, she created and implemented a start-up compliance program for the RIA, developed a proprietary fiduciary-focused 401(k) platform, created and implemented a profit-center tracking program designed to focus resources on most profitable business lines, developed and implemented a fiduciary-focused investment due diligence program, and provided oversight of portfolio accounting and administration, as well as all IT platforms. Ms. Hodder has spent her career in the investment industry and has more than 16 years of investment industry experience. Her specific expertise includes portfolio accounting and administration, and RIA operations and compliance, with an emphasis on robust and efficient process.
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Ms. Hodder holds a Bachelor of Arts from Northern Arizona University and is fluent in both German and French. She has received formal training in investment fiduciary responsibility, and has earned the Accredited Investment Fiduciary professional designation, awarded by the Center for Fiduciary Studies, which is associated with University of Pittsburgh.
Jean-Marc Plantier, Director of Finance
Jean-Marc Plantier has served as Director of Finance of our Advisor and Sponsor since August, 2014. From January, 2011 until August, 2011 and from June, 2013 until August, 2014, Mr. Plantier was employed by Resource Global Professionals as a consultant specializing in accounting, SEC and financial reporting and audit quality control and in such capacity served as Interim Controller for the Advisor and Sponsor from December, 2013 until August, 2014. From April, 2009 until January, 2011 and from August, 2011 until June, 2013, Mr. Plantier was self-employed and served as a consultant to small private and public companies, as well as public accounting firms. He has over 20 years of professional accounting experience, in both the public and private accounting industries. Previously, Mr. Plantier served as an Audit Partner for Cacciamatta Accountancy Corporation, where he was primarily responsible for the financial statement audits of the firm’s public and private clients. Additionally, his responsibilities also included: SEC reporting, accounting for complex debt and equity transactions, derivative accounting, accounting for business combinations, and compliance with PCAOB auditing standards. Mr. Plantier’s professional career also has included working for Hall & Company, CPAs, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, and Moore Stephens Frazer and Torbet, LLP. He started his accounting career with Fidelity National Title Insurance Company, where he was promoted to Assistant Vice President in charge of Cash Management and Trust Accounting.
Mr. Plantier is a Certified Public Accountant. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration (accounting concentration) from California State University, Fullerton.
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ADVISORY AND SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
General
The management of our investment portfolio is the responsibility of our Advisor and its Investment Committee. Our Advisor performs its duties and responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, our Advisor is responsible for overall management of our activities and overseeing the performance of the sub-advisors and has a fiduciary responsibility to us and to our unitholders. The sub-advisors and its affiliates are responsible for initially identifying, evaluating, and negotiating our investments, and providing asset management services. Although our Advisor, directly or through one of its affiliates, has engaged the sub-advisors, our Advisor retains ultimate responsibility for the performance of services under the Advisory Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement
This summary is provided to illustrate the material functions that our Advisor, directly and through its engagement of the sub-advisors, performs for us as our Advisor, and it is not intended to include all of the services that may be provided to us by third parties. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, our Advisor manages our day-to-day operations, retains appropriate professional service providers and asset management personnel and performs other duties, including, but not limited to the following:
| • | | Provide global macro-economic forecasting, including in-depth analyses of developing economic regions and specific countries, global trends and currency movements; |
| • | | Provide in-depth asset class analysis, including liquidity, risk and return attributes as part of initial and ongoing asset allocation; |
| • | | Find, perform due diligence and select sub-advisors who will be responsible for: |
| • | | Sourcing, underwriting, presenting and recommending appropriate investments consistent with our investment policies and objectives; |
| • | | Negotiating, structuring and executing the investments we choose to execute and manage our relationship with borrowers and other investment counterparts; |
| • | | Managing investment documentation and monitoring investment compliance with all relevant covenants, representations and warranties; |
| • | | Supervise, monitor and evaluate the performance of sub-advisors and individual investments in accordance with the Company’s investment policies and objectives; |
| • | | Manage investment dispositions and reinvestment of returned capital; |
| • | | Supervise, monitor and evaluate the performance of investments and collateral assets; |
| • | | Enforce rights and recourse of the Company granted pursuant to investment documents where appropriate; |
| • | | Pursue transaction modifications; |
| • | | Create annual operating budgets; |
| • | | Assist us in obtaining insurance coverage; |
| • | | Source and assist us in obtaining financing, if appropriate; |
| • | | Maintain our accounting and other records and assist us in filing all reports required to be filed with the SEC, the IRS and any other regulatory agencies; |
| • | | Provide investor relations; |
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| • | | Engage and supervise the performance of our agents, including our registrar and transfer agent; and |
| • | | Perform all other services reasonably requested by us. |
Impact monitoring
In addition the services described above, our Advisor and sub-advisors evaluate our investments to ensure they meet our ESG criteria and impact objectives as set forth by our board of managers. Our Advisor and sub-advisors regularly monitor and report on the ESG practices, as well as economic, social and environmental impact of our investments.
Fees payable pursuant to the Advisory Agreement
Organization and Offering Expenses
To date, our Advisor has paid organization and offering expenses on our behalf. We reimburse our Advisor and its affiliates for these expenses and future organization and offering expenses it may incur on our behalf but only to the extent that the reimbursement would not cause the selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and the other organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed 15.0% of gross offering proceeds as of the date of the reimbursement. If we raise the maximum offering amount in the primary offering and under the distribution reinvestment plan, we expect organization and offering expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be 1.25% of gross offering proceeds. These organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by us in connection with the offering, including but not limited to:
| • | | Our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees; |
| • | | Charges of our escrow holder and transfer agent, charges of our Advisor for administrative services related to the issuance of units in the offering; |
| • | | Reimbursement of bona fide due diligence expenses of broker-dealers; |
| • | | Reimbursement of our Advisor for costs in connection with preparing sales materials, the cost of bona fide training and education meetings held by us (primarily the travel, meal and lodging costs of registered representatives of broker-dealers), attendance and sponsorship fees and cost reimbursement for employees of our affiliates to attend retail seminars conducted by broker-dealers; and |
| • | | Reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for technology costs associated with the offering, costs and expenses related to such technology costs, and costs and expenses associated with the facilitation of the marketing of units and the ownership of units by such broker-dealers’ customers, which will be included in underwriting compensation. |
Advisor Fees
We pay TriLinc Advisors an asset management fee and an incentive fee for its services under the Advisory Agreement.
Asset Management Fee
The asset management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of our gross assets payable quarterly in arrears. For purposes of calculating the asset management fee, the term “gross assets” includes borrowings used in acquiring assets. Our Advisor benefits when we incur debt or use leverage. Asset management fees for any partial quarter are appropriately prorated.
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Incentive Fee
The incentive fee is divided into two parts: (i) a subordinated incentive fee on income and (ii) an incentive fee on capital gains. Each part of the incentive fee is outlined below.
The subordinated incentive fee on income is earned on pre-incentive fee net investment income and is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar quarter during which the Advisory Agreement is in effect. If the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the fee also becomes payable as of the effective date of the termination.
The subordinated incentive fee on income is subject to a quarterly preferred return to investors, expressed as a rate of return on net assets at the beginning of the most recently completed calendar quarter, of 1.50% (6.0% annualized), subject to a “catch up” feature. The subordinated incentive fee on income for each quarter is calculated as follows:
No incentive fee is earned by our Advisor in any calendar quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred return rate of 1.50%, or the preferred return.
100% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the quarterly preferred return, but is less than or equal to 1.875% (7.5% annualized) on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, in any quarter, is payable to our Advisor. We refer to this portion of our subordinated incentive fee on income as the catch up. It is intended to provide an incentive fee of 20% on all of our pre-incentive fee net investment income when our pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter in any quarter.
For any quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal 20% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income, because the preferred return and catch up will have been achieved.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income is defined as interest income, dividend income and any other income accrued during the calendar quarter, minus our operating expenses for the quarter, including the asset management fee and operating expenses reimbursed to our Advisor. Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation.
The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the quarterly subordinated incentive fee on income:
Quarterly Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income
Pre-incentive fee net investment income
(expressed as a percentage of net assets)
![LOGO](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001193125-16-561765/g180655g39f08.jpg)
Percentage of pre-incentive fee net investment
income allocated to quarterly incentive fee
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The incentive fee on capital gains is earned on investments sold or matured and is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year during which the Advisory Agreement is in effect. In the case the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the fee will also become payable as of the effective date of such termination. The fee equals 20% of our realized capital gains, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains. Incentive fee on capital gains is equal to our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis.
Because of the structure of the subordinated incentive fee on income and the incentive fee on capital gains, it is possible that we may pay such fees in a quarter where we incur a net loss. For example, if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the 1.75% on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter for a quarter, we will pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a net loss in the quarter due to a realized or unrealized capital loss. Our Advisor is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it receives that is based on prior period accrued income that we never receive as a result of a subsequent decline in the value of our portfolio.
The fees that are payable under the Advisory Agreement for any partial period are appropriately prorated. The fees also are calculated using a detailed policy and procedure approved by our Advisor and our board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors, and such policy and procedure must be consistent with the description of the calculation of the fees set forth above.
Our Advisor may elect to defer or waive all or a portion of the fees that would otherwise be paid to it in its sole discretion. Any portion of a fee not taken as to any month, quarter or year is deferred without interest and may be taken in any such other month prior to the occurrence of a liquidity event as our Advisor may determine in its sole discretion.
Below are examples of the two-part incentive fee:
Example — Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income, Determined on a Quarterly Basis
Assumptions
First Quarter: Pre-incentive fee net investment income equals 0.8500%
Second Quarter: Pre-incentive fee net investment income equals 1.6500%
Third Quarter: Pre-incentive fee net investment income equals 2.300%
The subordinated incentive fee on income in this example would be:
First Quarter: Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the 1.50% preferred return rate, therefore there is no catch up or split incentive fee on pre-incentive fee net investment income
Second Quarter: Pre-incentive fee net investment income falls between the 1.50% preferred return rate and the catch up of 1.875%, therefore the incentive fee on pre-incentive fee net investment income is 100% between the 1.50% preferred return and 1.65%
Third Quarter: Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds the 1.50% preferred return and the 1.875% catch up provision. Therefore the catch up provision is fully satisfied by the 2.30% of pre-incentive fee net investment income and there is a 20% incentive fee on pre-incentive fee net investment income above the 1.875% “catch up”
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Example — Incentive Fee on Capital Gains (Millions)
Alternative 1 — Assumptions
Year 1: $2 million investment made in company A (“Investment A”), and $3 million investment made in company B (“Investment B”)
Year 2: Investment A sold for $5 million and fair market value, or FMV, of Investment B determined to be $3.2 million
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $2.5 million
Year 4: Investment B sold for $3.1 million
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee would be:
Year 1: None, because no investments were sold
Year 2: Capital gains incentive fee of $600,000 ($3 million realized capital gains on sale of Investment A multiplied by 20%)
Year 3: None, because no investments were sold
Year 4: Capital gains incentive fee of $20,000 ($620,000 ($3.1 million cumulative realized capital gains multiplied by 20%) less $600,000 (capital gains fee taken in Year 2))
Alternative 2 — Assumptions
Year 1: $2 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), $3 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”), $2.5 million investment made in Company C (“Investment C”) and the cost basis of Other Portfolio Investments is $2.5 million
Year 2: Investment A sold for $5 million ($2 million cost basis to be reinvested into Other Portfolio Investments and the $3 million capital gain is available for distribution), fair market value, or FMV, of Investment B determined to be $2.5 million (creates $500,000 in unrealized capital depreciation), the FMV of Investment C determined to be $2.5 million and FMV of Other Portfolio Investments determined to be $2.5 million
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $2.7 million (creates $300,000 in unrealized capital depreciation), Investment C sold for $3 million ($2.5 million cost basis to be reinvested into Other Portfolio Investments and the $500,000 capital gain is available for distribution) and FMV of Other Portfolio Investments determined to be $4.5 million
Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $3 million and FMV of Other Portfolio Investments determined to be $7 million
Year 5: Investment B sold for $3 million ($3 million cost basis to be reinvested into Other Portfolio Investments) and FMV of Other Portfolio Investments determined to be $7 million
Year 6: Total Portfolio is sold for $10.5 million ($500,000 capital gain computed based on a cumulative cost basis in Other Portfolio Investments of $10 million)
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The incentive fee on capital gains in this example would be:
Year 1: None, because no investments were sold
Year 2: $500,000 incentive fee on capital gains (20% multiplied by $2.5 million ($3 million realized capital gains on Investment A less unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B))
Year 3: $140,000 incentive fee on capital gains ($640,000 (20% multiplied by $3.2 million ($3.5 million cumulative realized capital gains less $300,000 unrealized capital depreciation)) less $500,000 incentive fee on capital gains paid in Year 2
Year 4: None, because capital gains incentive fees are paid on realized capital gains only
Year 5: $60,000 incentive fee on capital gains ($700,000 (20% multiplied by $3.5 million cumulative realized capital gains) less $640,000 cumulative incentive fee on capital gains paid in years 2 and 3)
Year 6: $100,000 incentive fee on capital gains (20% multiplied by $4 million ($3.5 million cumulative realized capital gains plus $500,000 realized capital gains) less $700,000 cumulative incentive fee on capital gains received in prior years)
Other Operating Expenses
We reimburse the expenses incurred by our Advisor or its affiliates in connection with its provision of services to us, including impact monitoring service and other administrative services as well as for any acquisition expenses that are not reimbursed by the borrowers, provided that such reimbursement is the lower of our Advisor’s actual costs or the amount that we are required to pay for comparable services in the same geographic location, and provided further that such costs are reasonably allocated to us on the basis of assets, revenues, time records or other reasonable methods. We do not reimburse our Advisor or its affiliates for (i) rent or depreciation, capital equipment or other costs of its own administrative items, (ii) salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and other administrative items incurred or allocated to any controlling person of our Advisor, (iii) the salaries and benefits paid to our named executive officers or (iv) any services for which it receives a separate fee. As of December 31, 2015, reimbursable operating expenses totaled approximately $7.5 million. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement, the Sponsor agreed to pay a cumulative total of $6.9 million of such reimbursable operating expenses on behalf of the Company, which will not be reimbursable to the Sponsor until the Company has raised $200 million of gross proceeds, provided any such reimbursement during the period in which the Company is offering units in the Offering will not cause the Company’s net asset value per unit to fall below the prior quarter’s net asset value per unit. Neither the Sponsor nor our Advisor is obligated to pay any of these expenses going forward.
Termination of the Advisory Agreement
The Advisory Agreement has an initial one-year term, but may be extended for an indefinite number of subsequent one-year periods with the mutual consent of TriLinc Advisors and us. On February 19, 2016, our board of managers determined to extend our Advisory Agreement, effective March 24, 2016, for an additional one year term. The Advisor will serve as our advisor in accordance with the terms of our Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated by either us or our Advisor except that, if our Advisor terminates the Advisory Agreement without 120 days prior written notice us, our Advisor will be responsible for all expenses incurred as a result of its termination. Upon termination of the Advisory Agreement, we may be required to pay to the terminated Advisor all amounts then accrued and owing.
Our Advisor and its affiliates expect to engage in other business ventures and are not required to dedicate their resources exclusively to our business. However, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, they are required to
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devote sufficient resources to discharge their obligations to us. Our Advisor may assign the Advisory Agreement to an affiliate upon our consent. We may assign or transfer the Advisory Agreement to any successor entity.
The Sub-Advisory Agreements
Our Advisor, directly or through one of its affiliates, has engaged multiple investment managers in a sub-advisory capacity to source, evaluate, and monitor investments. Our local market sub-advisors have significant experience and established networks in our targeted asset classes, regions and countries, and adhere to the investment parameters as directed by the TriLinc investment team and our board of managers. Our local sub-advisors are not related to or affiliated with our Advisor, our Sponsor or any of its employees, affiliates or related parties. Primary sub-advisors must have a minimum five year investment track record and have invested at least $250 million in their target region. Secondary sub-advisors, who focus on a specific region or asset class, must have a minimum three year investment track record and have invested at least $100 million in their target region. All sub-advisors have continuity in their investment team, including senior management, and an investment strategy that can responsibly invest the allocation received from us. Sub-advisors must have strong, independent risk controls and must screen for and track impact and the ESG practices of their borrowers.
Subject to the terms of each sub-advisory agreement between our Advisor or its affiliate, the individual sub-advisor and any of our foreign subsidiaries, the sub-advisors have agreed to perform, subject to our Advisor’s oversight, certain of the asset selection and management advisory duties that our Advisor has agreed to provide to us.
The sub-advisors have agreed to use their commercially reasonable efforts to select potential investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives as described in this prospectus, to provide certain asset management and acquisition services and to provide other specific services as the sub-advisor and our Advisor or one of its affiliates mutually agree upon from time to time. The services to be provided by the sub-advisors, directly or through its affiliates, include, but are not limited to, the following:
| • | | originate, underwrite and analyze potential investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives; |
| • | | structure and negotiate the terms and conditions of our investments; |
| • | | make investments on our behalf based on the underwriting guidelines provided by our Advisor and approved by our board of managers and in compliance with our investment objectives and policies; |
| • | | perform borrower level and market specific due diligence on prospective investments and create due diligence reports summarizing the results of such work; |
| • | | oversee, monitor and asset manage in-place portfolio assets in their regions; and |
| • | | provide our Advisor with appropriate metrics and other information for impact monitoring of the assets managed by such sub-advisor. |
As an element of oversight and quality control, a member of our Advisor’s investment team may participate as an observer in each sub-advisor’s investment committee. TriLinc maintains observer rights on all relevant sub-advisor investment committees. Individual sub-advisor policy and practice can vary widely and TriLinc may elect to adopt more stringent processes than sub-advisor investment committee observance.
Our Advisor or its affiliates pays a portion of the asset management as well as a portion of the incentive fees received by it pursuant to the Advisory Agreement to the sub-advisors as compensation for the asset selection and management provided by the sub-advisors. In addition, our Advisor or its affiliates - out of reimbursements they receive from us or otherwise—reimburses the sub-advisors for any acquisition expenses that are not reimbursed by the borrowers.
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The sub-advisory agreement is automatically renewed unless terminated by our Advisor or its affiliates, the sub-advisor or any applicable foreign subsidiary for cause, which includes a material breach of the contract not remedied by the other party and such agreement may continue for some period of time after the termination of the Advisory Agreement. Although our Advisor has, directly or indirectly, engaged the sub-advisors in order to enable our Advisor to fulfill its responsibilities with respect to these asset selection and management services under the Advisory Agreement, our Advisor is responsible for performing day-to-day administrative and other services under the Advisory Agreement and retains ultimate responsibility for the performance of all of the services under the Advisory Agreement.
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OUR EXPENSES
In conjunction with our management, our Advisor is entitled to certain fees and reimbursement of expenses. In addition, your initial investment is subject to certain sales charges and organizational and offering expenses. Following is a summary of initial and ongoing expenses investors will incur:
Unitholder Transaction Expenses
| | | | |
Selling Commissions for Class A units, as % of Class A gross offering proceeds | | | 7.00 | % |
Selling Commissions for Class C units, as % of Class C gross offering proceeds | | | 3.00 | % |
Dealer Manager Fee for Class A and C units, as % of Class A and Class C gross offering proceeds | | | 2.75 | % |
Dealer Manager Fee for Class I units, as % of Class I gross offering proceeds | | | 1.75 | % |
Maximum Aggregate Sale Charge (Load), as % of gross offering proceeds | | | 10.00 | % |
Maximum Reimbursement of Organization & Offering Expenses | | | 5.00 | % |
Ongoing Annual Company Expenses
| | | | |
Annual Asset Management Fee, as % of Gross Assets | | | 2.00 | % |
Incentive Fees, as % of investment income and capital gains | | | 0.00 | % |
Other Operating Expenses | | | 0.75 | % |
Distribution Fee for Class C units | | | 0.80 | % |
Selling Commissions:In connection with an investment in us, your broker-dealer is entitled to a selling commission of up to 7.00% for Class A units and up to 3.00% for Class C units. There are no selling commission on Class I units.
Dealer Manager Fee:In compensation for its services, our dealer manager is entitled to a fee of up to 2.75% for Class A and Class C units and up to 1.75% for Class I units.
Organizational & Offering Expenses:Our Advisor is entitled to reimbursement of certain qualifying expenditures realized in the course of our organization and this offering of the units to investors. Reimbursement of these expenses is expected to be 1.25% over our life and may not exceed 5.00%
Asset Management Fees:Our Advisor is entitled to an annual asset management fee of 2.00% of gross assets, which consists of the net asset value plus borrowings, if any, and is payable quarterly in arrears. See “Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement — Fees.” Our net asset value is determined by our board of managers based on the input of our Advisor, our audit committee and one or more independent valuation firms, if engaged by our board of managers. For more information regarding the valuation process, see “Business — Valuations.” This fee compensates our Advisor for construction and execution of our global macro analysis and forecasts, asset allocation and diversification strategy, as well as sub-advisor due diligence and oversight. Sub-advisors are responsible for sourcing, underwriting and managing individual investments. Although our Advisor manages, on our behalf, many of the risks associated with global investments in developing economies, management fees do not include the cost of any hedging instruments or insurance policies that may be required to appropriately manage our risk.
Distribution fee: With respect to Class C units, we pay our dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year.
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Incentive Fees: We may have investment income and capital gains that could result in the payment of an incentive fee in the first year after completion of this offering. The incentive fees, if any, are divided into two parts:
| (i) | a subordinated incentive fee on income, which, at a maximum, for any quarter in which our pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% of our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter, will equal 20% of the amount of our pre-incentive fee net investment income; and |
| (ii) | an incentive fee on capital gains that will equal 20% of our capital gains, if any, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains; and |
The incentive fees are based on our performance and are not paid unless we achieve certain goals. We will record an expense accrual relating to the incentive fee on capital gains, payable by us to our investment advisor (but not paid) when the unrealized gains on our investments exceed all realized capital losses on our investments given the fact that an incentive fee on capital gains would be owed to our investment advisor if we were to sell our investment portfolio at such time. As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed an incentive fee of 0% in this chart. Once fully invested, we expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater interest income or generate capital gains through our investments in portfolio companies. See “Advisory and Sub-Advisory Agreements — Fees payable pursuant to the Advisory Agreement” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
Other Operating Expenses:Our Advisor or its affiliates are entitled to reimbursement of the expenses incurred by our Advisor in connection with its provision of services to us, including impact monitoring service and other administrative services as well as for any acquisition expenses that are not reimbursed by the borrowers, provided that such reimbursement are the lower of our Advisor’s actual costs or the amount that we are required to pay for comparable services in the same geographic location, and provided further that such costs are reasonably allocated to us on the basis of assets, revenues, time records or other reasonable methods. We do not reimburse our Advisor or its affiliates for (i) rent or depreciation, capital equipment or other costs of its own administrative items, (ii) salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and other administrative items incurred or allocated to any controlling person of our Advisor, (iii) the salaries and benefits paid to our named executive officers or (iv) any services for which it receives a separate fee. Other Operating Expenses are projected to be 0.75% of gross proceeds if the maximum offering is achieved. We project our Operating Expenses to be approximately the same at 0.75% of the gross proceeds if we raise $750,000,000 and increase to 1.25% of the gross proceeds if we only raise $200,000,000.
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COMPENSATION OF THE DEALER MANAGER AND OUR ADVISOR
Although we have executive officers that manage our operations, we have no paid employees. Our Advisor and its affiliates manage our day-to-day affairs and our portfolio of investment assets, subject to the board’s supervision. Our Advisor, TriLinc Advisors LLC, and our dealer manager, SC Distributors, LLC, receive fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to this offering and the investment and management of our assets. The items of compensation that our Advisor and our dealer manager are entitled to receive are included in the following table. Selling commissions and dealer manager fees may vary for different categories of purchasers. This table assumes no discounts or waived fees or commissions.
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | Fees to the Dealer Manager | | |
| | |
Selling Commission (1)(2)(3)(4) | | We pay the dealer manager sales commissions of up to 7.00% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class A units and up to 3.00% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class C units. All selling commissions are expected to be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers. We do not pay any selling commission with respect to Class I units. | | Actual amounts depend upon the number of units of each class purchased and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. The aggregate selling commissions will equal $87,500,000.00 if we sell the maximum offering, assuming that all units sold are Class A units, the maximum selling commission is paid for each primary offering unit, and no reallocation of units between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
Dealer Manager Fee (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) | | We pay the dealer manager a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class A and Class C units and up to 1.75% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class I units. A portion of the dealer manager fee may be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers. | | Actual amounts depend upon the number of Class I units purchased and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. The aggregate dealer manager fee will equal $34,375,000.00 if we sell the maximum offering, assuming that all units sold are Class A units and/or Class C units, the maximum dealer manager fee is paid for each primary offering unit, and no reallocation of units between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan |
Distribution Fee (2)(6) | | With respect to our Class C units only, we pay the dealer manager a distribution fee that accrues daily in an amount equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. We continue paying distribution fees with respect to Class C units sold in this offering until the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of the | | Actual amounts depend upon the number of Class C units purchased and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. The distribution fee will equal $12,000,000.00 per annum if we sell the maximum offering, assuming all units sold are Class C units, that the net asset value per Class C units remains the same as the net asset value per Class C unit at the commencement of this offering and no reallocation of units |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | Class C units on a national securities exchange, (ii) following the completion of this offering, total underwriting compensation in this offering equaling 10% of the gross proceeds from the primary offering, or (iii) such Class C units no longer being outstanding. The dealer manager may reallow all or a portion of the distribution fee to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker dealers. The distribution fee is payable monthly in arrears. The distribution fee is payable with respect to all Class C units, including Class C units issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. We do not pay a distribution fee with respect to Class A and Class I units. | | between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
| | |
| | Reimbursement to our Advisor | | |
| | |
Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement (2)(4)(6) | | We reimburse our Advisor and its affiliates for the organizational and offering costs it has incurred on our behalf. If we sell the maximum offering, we anticipate that such expenses will equal approximately 1.25% of the gross proceeds raised by the Company. | | $18,750,000 |
Reimbursement of Operating Expenses | | We reimburse the expenses incurred by our Advisor directly or indirectly in connection with its provision of services to us, including impact monitoring service and other administrative services as well as for any acquisition expenses that are not reimbursed by the borrowers. We do not reimburse our Advisor or its affiliates for (i) rent or depreciation, capital equipment or other similar costs; (ii) salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and other similar items incurred or allocated to any controlling person of our Advisor, (iii) the salaries and benefits paid to our named | | As of December 31, 2015, reimbursable Operating Expenses totaled approximately $7.5 million, all of which had been assumed by the Sponsor pursuant to the Amended and Restated Operating Expense Responsibility Agreement. Future amounts are dependent upon expenses paid or incurred and therefore cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
| | executive officers or (iv) any services for which it receives a separate fee. | | |
| | |
| | Advisor Fees | | |
| | |
Asset Management Fees (7)(8) | | The asset management fee is calculated at a quarterly rate of 0.50% of our gross assets (including amounts borrowed) and is payable quarterly in arrears. | | Actual amounts cannot be determined since they are based upon the average asset value held by us and on the amount of borrowings. |
| | |
Subordinated Incentive Fee on Income (8)(9)(10) | | The subordinated incentive fee on income is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based upon our “pre-incentive fee net investment income” for the immediately preceding quarter, and are subordinated to a preferred return on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter equal to 1.50% per quarter (an annualized rate of 6.00%). No subordinated incentive fee on income is earned in any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive fee net investment income does not exceed the preferred quarterly return of 1.50%, or the preferred quarterly return, on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter. For any calendar quarter in which pre-incentive fee net investment income is greater than the preferred quarterly return, but less than 1.875%, the subordinated incentive fee on income equal the amount of pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the preferred quarterly return. This fee is referred to as the catch-up and provides an increasing fee, but is in no event greater than the 20% of the pre-incentive fee net investment income, as the pre- incentive fee net investment income increases from a 1.50% to a 1.875% quarterly return on our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter. For any calendar quarter in which the | | These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the Company. The amount of subordinated incentive fee on income will be disclosed by the Company in its quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering |
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| | pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 1.875% of our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding quarter, the subordinated incentive fee on income shall equal 20% of pre-incentive fee net investment income. | | |
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Incentive Fee on Capital Gains (10) | | An incentive fee on capital gains earned on our investments are determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement) and equal 20% of our incentive fee capital gains, which equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception, calculated as of the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gains incentive fees. | | These amounts cannot be estimated since they are based upon the performance of the assets held by the Company. The amount of any incentive fees on capital gains earned on our investments are disclosed by the Company in its quarterly and annual reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act. |
(1) | Unless otherwise indicated, assumes we sell the maximum of $1,250,000,000 in units in our primary offering and excludes the sale of any units under our distribution reinvestment plan, which may be used for repurchases or other purposes. |
(2) | The total compensation related to our organization and offering activities, which includes selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and organizational and offering expense reimbursement cannot exceed 15.0% of the gross offering proceeds. |
(3) | The selling commission and/or dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through investment advisers or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries and sales to our affiliates. No selling commission or dealer manager fee are paid in connection with sales under our distribution reinvestment plan. In addition, we may reimburse our dealer manager for due diligence expenses included in detailed and itemized invoices. |
(4) | In accordance with the state blue sky guidelines, all front end fees, including dealer manager fees, sales commissions, reimbursement of organization and offering expenses and acquisition fees and expenses, if any, must be reasonable and cannot exceed 18.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering, regardless of the source of payment. |
(5) | In addition, out of its dealer manager fee, our dealer manager may reimburse participating broker dealers for distribution and marketing-related costs and expenses, such as costs associated with attending or sponsoring conferences, technology costs and other marketing costs and expenses. |
(6) | Organizational and offering expense reimbursement consists of costs incurred by TriLinc Advisors and its affiliates on our behalf for legal, accounting, printing and other offering expenses, including costs associated with technology integration between our systems and those of our participating broker-dealers, marketing expenses, salaries and direct expenses of TriLinc Advisors employees, employees of its affiliates and others while engaged in registering and marketing units, which include development of marketing and marketing |
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| presentations and training and educational meetings and generally coordinating the marketing process for us. We may reimburse our dealer manager for certain expenses that are deemed underwriting compensation. Assuming an aggregate selling commission and a dealer manager fee of 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (which assumes all offering proceeds come from Class A units), we would reimburse the dealer manager in an amount up to 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds. Because the aggregate selling commission and dealer manager fees will be less than 9.75% of the gross offering proceeds (due to a portion of the offering proceeds coming from the sale of Class C or Class I units), we would reimburse the dealer manager for expenses in an amount greater than 0.25% of the gross offering proceeds, provided that we will not pay or reimburse any of the foregoing costs to the extent such payment would cause total underwriting compensation to exceed 10.0% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering as of the termination of the offering, as required by the rules of FINRA. Reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for technology costs associated with the offering, costs and expenses related to such technology costs, and costs and expenses associated with the facilitation of the marketing of units and ownership of units by such broker-dealers’ customers are considered underwriting compensation. We also pay a $25.00 fee per subscription agreement to Strategic Capital, an affiliate of our dealer manager, for reviewing and processing subscription agreements. Any such reimbursements cannot exceed actual expenses incurred by TriLinc Advisors. |
(7) | The asset management fee may or may not be taken in whole or in part at the discretion of our Advisor. All or any part of the asset management fee not taken as to any period shall be deferred without interest and may be taken in any other period prior to the occurrence of a liquidity event as our Advisor shall determine. |
(8) | A portion of these fees may be reallowed by our Advisor, directly or indirectly through its affiliates, to any sub-advisors. |
(9) | As the quarterly pre-incentive fee net investment income rises from 1.50% to 1.875%, the “catch-up” feature allows TriLinc Advisors to recoup the fees foregone as a result of the existence of the investor’s preferred quarterly return. |
(10) | A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee preferred return and may result in an increase in the amount of incentive fees payable to TriLinc Advisors. |
The table below provides information regarding the cumulative fees paid to our Sponsor and Advisor or its affiliates in connection with our operations and our public offering. It includes amounts incurred as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 as well as amounts payable as of December 31, 2015:
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Type and Recipient | | Incurred as of December 31, 2015 | | | Incurred as of December 31, 2014 | | | Unpaid as of December 31, 2015 | |
Selling Commissions — the Dealer Manager | | $ | 7,596,874 | | | $ | 2,182,971 | | | $ | — | |
Dealer Manager Fee — the Dealer Manager | | | 2,197,819 | | | | 823,518 | | | | — | |
Offering Costs (1) — the Sponsor | | | 7,822,366 | | | | 3,438,722 | | | | 472,057 | |
Asset Management Fee — our Advisor | | | 2,894,415 | | | | 887,883 | | | | — | |
Incentive Fee — our Advisor | | | 2,165,063 | | | | 588,168 | | | | — | |
(1) | Reimbursement of offering costs paid by our Sponsor on our behalf. |
In addition, we pay our independent managers certain fees and reimburse independent managers for certain out-of-pocket expenses, including for their attendance at board or committee meetings. Please see “Management of the Company — Compensation of Executive Officers and Managers.”
Subject to limitations in our operating agreement, the fees, compensation, income, expense reimbursements, interests and other payments payable to our Advisor, our dealer manager and their respective affiliates may increase during this offering or in the future from those described above, if such increase is approved by a majority of our independent managers.
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In certain circumstances, including but not limited to if we seek to list our units on an exchange as a way of providing our unitholders with a liquidity event, we may consider internalizing the functions performed for us by our Advisor such that we become self-managed. Although we may incur costs that are incidental to such an internalization transaction, no fee or other remuneration will be payable by us to our Advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with the transaction, provided that we may continue to pay and reimburse our Advisor in the ordinary course under the terms of the Advisory Agreement during any transition to becoming self-managed.
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
We are subject to various conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with our Advisor and its affiliates, some of whom serve as our executive officers and managers. We discuss these conflicts below and conclude this section with a discussion of the corporate governance measures we have adopted to mitigate some of the risks posed by these conflicts.
General
Our executive officers, two of our managers and the key investment professionals of our Advisor who perform services for us on behalf of our Advisor are also officers, directors, managers, and/or key professionals of our Sponsor, our dealer manager and other affiliates. For an overview of the positions held by these individuals at our affiliates, please see “Management of the Company — Managers and Executive Officers.” These persons have legal obligations with respect to those entities that are similar to their obligations to us.
Dealer Manager
Strategic Capital has an equity interest in our Advisor and is affiliated with SC Distributors, our dealer manager. Therefore, you do not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation of the type normally performed by an independent underwriter in connection with the offering of securities. See “Plan of Distribution.”
No Arm’s-Length Agreements
All agreements, contracts or arrangements between or among us and our affiliates, including our Advisor and our dealer manager, were not negotiated at arm’s-length. Such agreements, contracts or arrangements include our Advisory Agreement and our Dealer Manager Agreement. The procedures with respect to conflicts of interest described herein were designed to lessen the effect of potential conflicts that arise from such relationships. However, we cannot assure you that these procedures eliminate the conflicts of interest or reduce the risks related thereto.
Lack of Separate Representation
Greenberg Traurig, LLP has acted as special U.S. federal income tax counsel to us in connection with this offering and is counsel to us and our Advisor in connection with this offering and may in the future act as counsel for each such company. Greenberg Traurig, LLP may serve as counsel to certain affiliates of our Advisor in matters unrelated to this offering. There is a possibility that in the future the interests of the various parties may become adverse. In the event that a dispute were to arise between us, our dealer manager, our Advisor, or any of their affiliates, separate counsel for such parties would be retained as and when appropriate.
Certain Conflict Resolution Measures
Corporate Governance and Conflicts Committee
In order to ameliorate the risks created by conflicts of interest, our operating agreement creates a corporate governance and conflicts committee of our board of managers composed solely of independent managers. Our operating agreement authorizes the corporate governance and conflicts committee to act on any matter related to conflicts of interest and to retain its own legal and financial advisors when and if it deems such an action appropriate. Among the issues relating to conflict of interest, the corporate governance and conflicts committee acts upon the following:
| • | | The continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with our Advisor and its affiliates, including the Advisory Agreement; |
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| • | | Transactions with affiliates; |
| • | | Compensation of our Advisor; and |
| • | | Whether and when we seek to pursue a liquidity event. |
Other Provisions Relating to Conflicts of Interest
In addition to the creation of the corporate governance and conflicts committee, our operating agreement contains many other restrictions regarding conflicts of interest, including the following:
Advisor Compensation:Our independent managers review, at least annually, whether the compensation we contract to pay TriLinc Advisors and its affiliates is reasonable relative to the nature and quality of the services provided and whether such compensation is within the limits provided for in our operating agreement. Our independent managers supervise the performance of TriLinc Advisors and its compensation to determine whether the provisions of our compensation arrangements are being carried out. This evaluation is based on the following factors, as well as any other factors deemed relevant by the independent managers:
| • | | The amount of fees and other compensation paid to TriLinc Advisors, in relation to the size, composition and performance of our investment portfolio; |
| • | | Whether the expenses incurred are reasonable in light of our investment performance and the fees and expenses of other similar entities; |
| • | | The success of TriLinc Advisors and the sub-advisors in generating appropriate investment opportunities; |
| • | | The rates charged to other companies of a similar nature by other firms providing advisory services; |
| • | | The quality and extent of services and advice furnished by TriLinc Advisors and its affiliates; |
| • | | The method of allocation of opportunities between us and other affiliated programs; and |
| • | | The performance of our investment portfolio. |
Investments with affiliates:We cannot invest in any asset or company in which our Advisor, any of our managers or officers or any of their affiliates has a direct economic interest without a determination by the majority of our board of managers (including a majority of our independent managers) that such an investment is fair and reasonable to us. In addition, with respect to any potential debt investment in a portfolio company in which our sub-advisor has an equity interest, our Advisor must determine, before the investment is made, that the procedures by which this potential debt investment is evaluated and priced are fair and reasonable.
Purchase of assets from affiliates: We cannot purchase assets from the Sponsor, Advisor, manager or any of their affiliates unless a majority of our board of managers (including a majority of our independent managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction determine that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us and at a price to us no greater than the cost of the assets to our Advisor or its affiliates or such manager, unless there is substantial justification for any amount that exceeds such cost and such excess amount is determined to be reasonable. In no event can the cost of any such assets to us exceed its then current appraised value.
Sale of assets to affiliates:We cannot sell or lease assets to the Sponsor, Advisor, manager or any of their affiliates or to the managers without a determination by a majority of our board of managers (including a majority of our independent managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction, that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us. In no event can the cost of any such assets to us exceed its then current appraised value.
Loans to/ from affiliates:We cannot borrow money from the Sponsor, Advisor, managers or any of their affiliates unless a majority of our board of managers (including a majority of our independent managers) not
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otherwise interested in transaction approve it as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable to us and no less favorable to us than loans between unaffiliated parties under similar circumstances. We cannot make loans to an entity in which the Sponsor, Advisor or the managers or any of their affiliates have an interest unless an independent expert appraises the underlying collateral and there is a determination by a majority of our board of managers and majority of the corporate governance and conflicts committee) not otherwise interested in the transaction, that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us.
Other restrictions on transactions with affiliates:We cannot give our Advisor an exclusive right to sell our assets. Our Advisor is prohibited from commingling our funds with the funds of any other entity or person for which it provides advisory or other services. Our Advisor is prohibited from providing any financing with a term in excess of 12 months to us. We may not pay a commission or fee, either directly or indirectly to our Advisor, or its affiliates, except as otherwise permitted by our operating agreement, in connection with the reinvestment of cash flows from operations and available reserves or of the proceeds of the resale, exchange or refinancing of our assets. In addition, our operating agreement prohibits our Advisor and its affiliates from receiving or accepting any rebate, give-up or similar arrangement that is prohibited under federal or state securities laws. Our Advisor and its affiliates are also prohibited from participating in any reciprocal business arrangement that would circumvent provisions of federal or state securities laws governing conflicts of interest or investment restrictions.
We may not invest in general partnerships or joint ventures with affiliates and non-affiliates unless certain conditions, described in our operating agreement are met.
A majority of our board of managers (including a majority of our independent managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction must conclude that all other transactions between us and the Sponsor, Advisor, any of the managers or any of their affiliates are fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties. The terms pursuant to which any goods or services, other than those services provided pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, are provided to us by our Advisor, must be embodied in a written contract, the material terms of which must be fully disclosed to our unitholders in a prospectus supplement or another filing.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
We rely on our executive officers and our Advisor’s investment professionals to identify suitable investments. Our Sponsor and other affiliated entities also rely on these same key investment professionals. Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for the Sponsor or affiliates of the Sponsor. The Sponsor, our Advisor and their affiliates share certain of the same executive officers and key employees, which we refer to as “TriLinc Professionals.” When the TriLinc Professionals direct an investment opportunity to the Sponsor or any affiliate of the Sponsor, they, in their sole discretion, will have to determine the program for which the investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of each program. The Advisory Agreement requires that this determination be made in a manner that is fair without favoring the Sponsor or any affiliate of the Sponsor. The factors that the TriLinc Professionals must consider when determining the entity for which an investment opportunity is the most suitable are the following:
| • | | the investment objectives and criteria of the Sponsor and the other affiliated entities; |
| • | | the cash requirements of the Sponsor and its affiliates; |
| • | | the portfolio of the Sponsor and its affiliates by type of investment and risk of investment; |
| • | | the policies of the Sponsor and its affiliates relating to leverage; |
| • | | the anticipated cash flow of the asset to be acquired; |
| • | | the income tax effects of the purchase; |
| • | | the size of the investment; and |
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| • | | the amount of funds available to the Sponsor and its affiliates and the length of time such funds have been available for investment. |
In the event that our investment objectives overlap with those of another affiliate’s program and the opportunity is equally suitable for us and the affiliated program, then the opportunity must be allocated to such program that had the funds available for investment for a longer time period.
If a subsequent event or development causes any investment, in the opinion of the TriLinc Professionals, to be more appropriate for another affiliated entity, they may offer the investment to such entity.
Our independent managers are responsible for reviewing our Advisor’s performance and determining that the compensation to be paid to our Advisor is reasonable and, in doing so, our independent managers must consider, among other factors, the success of our Advisor in generating appropriate investment opportunities for us.
Appraisal and Compensation of Roll-Up Transactions
Our operating agreement provides that, in connection with any transaction involving a merger, conversion or consolidation, either directly or indirectly, involving us and the issuance of securities of a surviving entity after the successful completion of such transaction, or “roll-up,” an appraisal of all our assets must be obtained from a competent independent appraiser which must be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement registering the roll-up transaction. Such appraisal must be based on all relevant information and must indicate the value of our assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed roll-up. The engagement of such independent appraiser must be for the exclusive benefit of our unitholders. A summary of such appraisal must be included in a report to our unitholders in connection with a proposed roll-up. All unitholders must be afforded the opportunity to vote to approve such proposed roll-up, and must be permitted to receive cash in an amount of such unitholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets.
Investment Policies and Limitations
Our independent managers must review the investment and borrowing policies of the Company with sufficient frequency (and, upon commencement of this offering, at least annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Company at any time are in the best interests of the unitholders. Each such determination and the basis therefore must be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of our board of managers.
Our operating agreement provides that we may not acquire any assets in exchange for units or other indicia of ownership in the Company.
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UNIT REPURCHASE PROGRAM
We have not and do not intend to list units on a securities exchange, and we do not expect there to be a public market for units. As a result, if you purchase units, your ability to sell your units will be limited.
Beginning June 11, 2014, we commenced a unit repurchase program pursuant to which we conduct quarterly unit repurchases of up to 5% of our weighted average number of outstanding units in any 12-month period to allow our unitholders, who have held our units for a minimum of one year, to sell their units back to us at a price equal to the then current offering price less the sales fees associated with that class of units. Our unit repurchase program includes numerous restrictions, including a one-year holding period, that limit your ability to sell your units. Unless our board of managers determines otherwise, we will limit the number of units to be repurchased during any calendar year to the number of units we can repurchase with the proceeds we receive from the sale of units under our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Distribution Reinvestment Plan.” At the sole discretion of our board of managers, we may also use cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidation of investments as of the end of the applicable quarter to repurchase units. You may request that we repurchase all of the units that you own. If you have made more than one purchase of our units, the one-year holding period will be calculated separately with respect to each such purchase.
To the extent that the number of units submitted to us for repurchase exceeds the number of units that we are able to purchase, we will repurchase units on a pro rata basis from among the requests for repurchase received by us. Further, we will have no obligation to repurchase units if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under federal law or Delaware law.
Our board of managers has the right to amend, suspend or terminate the unit repurchase program to the extent that it determines that it is in our best interest to do so, including to prevent the Company from being treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation. We will promptly notify our unitholders of any changes to the unit repurchase program, including any amendment, suspension or termination of it in our periodic or current reports or by means of other notice. Moreover, the unit repurchase program will terminate on the date that our units are listed on a national securities exchange, are included for quotation in a national securities market or, in the sole determination of our board of managers, a secondary trading market for the units otherwise develops. All units to be repurchased under our unit repurchase program must be (i) fully transferable and not be subject to any liens or other encumbrances and (ii) free from any restrictions on transfer. If we determine that a lien or other encumbrance or restriction exists against the units requested to be repurchased, we will not repurchase any such units.
All requests for repurchase must be made in writing and received by us at least five business days prior to the end of the quarter. If you would like to request repurchase of your units, please contact us to receive required redemption forms and instructions concerning required signatures. Certain broker dealers require that their clients make redemption requests through their broker dealer, so please contact your broker dealer first if you want to request redemption of your units. You may also withdraw your request to have your units redeemed. Withdrawal requests must also be made in writing and received by us at least five business days prior to the end of the quarter.
The limitations and restrictions described above may prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any quarter. Our unit repurchase program has many limitations, including the limitations described above, and should not in any way be viewed as the equivalent of a secondary market. There is no assurance that we will repurchase any of your units pursuant to the unit repurchase program or that there will be sufficient funds available to accommodate all of our unitholders’ requests for repurchase. As a result, we may repurchase less than the full amount of units that you request to have repurchased. If we do not repurchase the full amount of your units that you have requested to be repurchased, or we determine not to make repurchases of units, you will likely not be able to dispose of your units, even if we under-perform. Unitholders will not pay a fee in connection with our repurchase of units under the unit repurchase program.
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In the event of the death or disability of a unitholder, we will repurchase the units held by such unitholder on the same terms as describe above, except that the one-year holding period will not apply. However, we will not be obligated to repurchase units if more than 360 days have elapsed since the date of the death or disability of the unitholder and, in the case of disability, if the unitholder fails to provide an opinion of a qualified independent physician. For purposes of this repurchase right, a disability will be deemed to have occurred when a unitholder suffers a disability for a period of time, as determined by our board of managers and confirmed by a qualified independent physician.
We have received exemptive relief from the SEC, which allows us to conduct repurchases as noted above. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company had received and processed 6 repurchase requests. The Company repurchased an aggregate of 6,491 Class A units, 2,374 Class C units, and 10,141 Class I units at a price of $9.025 per unit for a total of $171,528. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company had received and processed two repurchase requests. The Company repurchased an aggregate of 7,272.453 Class A units from the Sponsor at the net current offering price of $9.025 per unit for a total of $65,634.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, the Company received 4 unit repurchase requests for a total of 498,943 Class A units. All 4 repurchase requests were processed by the Company on April 7, 2016 at a price per unit of $9.025 for a total of $4,502,964.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL UNITHOLDERS
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of units as of March 31, 2016, for each person or group that holds more than 5% of any class of units, for each manager and executive officer and for our managers and executive officers as a group. To our knowledge, each person that beneficially owns units has sole voting and disposition power with regard to such units.
Unless otherwise indicated below, each person or entity has an address in care of our principal executive offices at 1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266.
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Name of Beneficial Owner (1) | | Number of Units Beneficially Owned (2) | | | Percent of All Units | |
TriLinc Global, LLC | | | 316,898 | (3) | | | 2.0 | % |
TriLinc Advisors, LLC | | | 22,161 | (3) | | | * | |
Gloria S. Nelund | | | — | (3) | | | — | |
Paul Sanford | | | — | | | | — | |
Brent VanNorman | | | 1,271 | (3) | | | * | |
Terry Otton | | | — | | | | — | |
Cynthia Hostetler | | | — | | | | — | |
R. Michael Barth | | | — | | | | — | |
All manager and officers as a group | | | 340,330 | | | | 2.1 | % |
* | Amount represents less than 1% |
(1) | Under SEC rules, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. A person also is deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities which that person has a right to acquire within 60 days. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities as to which he or she has no economic or pecuniary interest. |
(2) | All of the units owned by our Sponsor, our Advisor and any of our managers or officers are Class A units. |
(3) | TriLinc Advisors is controlled by our Sponsor, TriLinc Global LLC, as the managing member. Our Sponsor is presently directly or indirectly controlled by Gloria Nelund and Brent VanNorman, and as such, each of them may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the units owned by our Advisor and our Sponsor. |
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DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which you may elect to have all or a portion of your cash distributions from us reinvested in additional units of the same class. The following discussion summarizes the principal terms of this plan. The primary purpose of the distribution reinvestment plan is to provide interested investors with an economical and convenient method of increasing their investment in us by investing cash distributions in additional units. To the extent units are purchased from us under the distribution reinvestment plan, we will receive additional funds for acquisitions and general purposes including the repurchase of units.
Eligibility. Any investor who purchases units in this offering may elect to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan by making a written election to participate in such plan on his or her subscription agreement at the time he or she subscribes for units. The broker-dealers are obligated to perform due diligence in connection with the sale of units in both the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan. We have adopted an “opt-in” distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which you may elect to have all or a portion of your cash distributions reinvested in additional units of the same class. There are no selling commissions, dealer manager fees or other sales charges to you if you elect to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan.
Participation. Participation in the distribution reinvestment plan commences with the next distribution paid after receipt of an investor’s written election to participate in the plan and to all other calendar months thereafter, provided such election is received at least 15 business days prior to the last day of the calendar month.
Unit Purchases. Any purchases of units pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are dependent on the continued registration of our securities or the availability of an exemption from registration in the recipient’s home state. Participants in our distribution reinvestment plan are free to elect or revoke reinstatement in the distribution reinvestment plan within a reasonable time as specified in the plan. If you do not elect to participate in the plan you automatically will receive any distributions we declare in cash. For example, if we make a cash distribution, then if you have “opted in” to our distribution reinvestment plan you will have your cash distributions reinvested in additional units, rather than receiving the cash distributions. Units under our distribution reinvestment plan are offered at a price equal to the then current offering price per unit less the sales fees associated with that class of units in the primary offering. Units issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan have the same voting rights as the units offered in the primary offering pursuant to this prospectus.
If you wish to receive your distribution in cash, no action is required on your part to do so. If you are a registered unitholder, you may elect to have all or a portion of your distribution reinvested in additional units by notifying DST Systems, Inc., the reinvestment agent, and our transfer agent and registrar, in writing so that such notice is received by the reinvestment agent no later than the record date for distributions to unitholders. If you elect to reinvest your distributions in additional units, the reinvestment agent will set up an account for units you acquire through the plan and will hold such units in non-certificated form. If your units are held by a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, you may “opt-in” to our distribution reinvestment plan by notifying your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary of your election. Units held by a broker-dealer or nominee must be transferred to ownership in the name of the unitholder in order to be eligible for this plan.
During each fiscal quarter, but in no event later than 30 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, our transfer agent will mail and/or make electronically available to each participant in the distribution reinvestment plan, a statement of account describing, as to such participant, the distributions received during such quarter, the number of units purchased during such quarter, and the per unit purchase price for such units. We reserve the right to amend, suspend or terminate the distribution reinvestment plan at any time by the delivery of written notice to each participant at least 10 days prior to the effective date of the amendment, supplement or termination. Any distributions reinvested through the issuance of units through our distribution reinvestment plan which are not used to redeem units or pay expenses will increase our gross assets on which the management fee and the incentive fee are determined and paid under our Advisory Agreement.
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Timing of Purchases.The plan administrator makes every reasonable effort to reinvest all distributions on the day the cash distribution is paid, except where necessary for us to comply with applicable securities laws.If, for any reason beyond the control of the plan administrator, reinvestment of the distribution cannot be completed within 30 days after the applicable distribution payment date, participants’ funds held by the plan administrator will be distributed to the participant.
Taxation of Distributions.The reinvestment of distributions does not relieve the participant of any taxes which may be payable on such distributions.As a result, unless you are exempt from tax, you may have to use funds from other sources to pay the tax liability attributable to reinvested amounts.
Termination of Participation.A participant may terminate participation in the distribution reinvestment plan at any time by written instructions to that effect to the plan administrator.To be effective on a distribution payment date, the notice of termination must be received by the plan administrator at least 15 days before that distribution payment date.
All correspondence concerning the plan should be directed to the plan administrator by mail at DST Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 219312, Kansas City, MO 64121-9312.
LIQUIDITY STRATEGY
In the future, our board of managers will consider various forms of liquidity, each of which is referred to as a liquidity event, including, but not limited to:(1) dissolution and winding up distribution of our assets, (2) sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or our sale or merger, or (3) the listing of units on a national securities exchange.In making the decision to apply for a listing, our board will consider whether listing or liquidating our assets will result in greater value for our unitholders. If we do not consummate a liquidity event within five years from August 25, 2016, we will be required to commence an orderly liquidation of the assets unless a majority of our board, including a majority of the independent managers, determines that liquidation is not in the best interests of our unitholders.
Under such circumstances the commencement of an orderly liquidation will be postponed for one year. Further postponement of the liquidity event would only be permitted if a majority of our board, including a majority of independent managers, again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our unitholders and our board must make a determination in this manner during each successive year until a liquidity event has occurred.
If we at any time choose to seek but then fail to obtain unitholder approval of our liquidation, then our operating agreement would not require us to consummate a liquidity event or liquidate and would not require our board to revisit the issue of liquidation, and we could continue to operate as before. If we sought and obtained unitholder approval of our liquidation, we will cease reinvestment of the offering proceeds and will begin an orderly sale of our assets. The precise timing of such sales would take account of the prevailing capital and credit markets generally as well as the federal income tax consequences to our unitholders. Prior to the completion of a liquidity event, our unit repurchase program may provide a limited opportunity for you to have your units repurchased by us, subject to certain restrictions and limitations, at a price which may reflect a discount from the purchase price you paid for the units being repurchased. See “Unit Repurchase Program” for a detailed description of our unit repurchase program.
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS AND OUR OPERATING AGREEMENT
The following summary description of units does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our operating agreement, included as Appendix A to this prospectus.
General
By purchasing a unit of our limited liability company interest, you will be admitted as a member of our limited liability company and will be bound by the provisions of, and deemed be a party to, our operating agreement. By executing the subscription agreement, each investor agrees to be bound by the terms of our operating agreement and any amendments or supplements thereto or cancellations thereof and authorizes the Company to make all filings of any and all certificates, instruments, agreements or other documents, whether related to our operating agreement or otherwise, as may be required or advisable under Delaware law.
There is no public trading market for the units and none is likely to exist. The transferability of the units is subject to a number of restrictions. See “— Restrictions on Transfer,” below. Accordingly, the liquidity of the units is limited and you may not be able to liquidate your investment in the event of an emergency, except as described below.
In order to provide a certain degree of liquidity, you may redeem all or part of your units, subject to certain limitations. See “Unit Repurchase Program.”
Limited Liability of Unitholders
As a unitholder you are not responsible for the obligations of the Company beyond the amount of the capital contributions you have made and for any wrongful distributions made to you.
Classes of Units
Class A Units
Each Class A unit issued in the primary offering is subject to a sales commission of up to 7.00% per unit and a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% per unit. We do not pay sales commissions or deal manager fees on Class A units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Class A units are available for purchase by the general public through different distribution channels. Only Class A units are available for purchase in this offering by our executive officers and board of managers and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of our Advisor and other affiliates of our Advisor and their immediate family members and, if approved by our management, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers.
Class C Units
Each Class C unit issued in the primary offering is subject to a sales commission of up to 3.00% per unit and a dealer manager fee of up to 2.75% per unit. In addition, for Class C units, we pay our dealer manager on a monthly basis a distribution fee that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. We do not pay sales commissions or dealer manager fees on Class C units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Class C units are available for purchase by the general public through different distribution channels.
Class I Units
No selling commissions are paid for sales of any Class I units, and we do not pay our dealer manager distribution fees with respect to the Class I units. Each Class I unit is subject to a dealer manager fee of up to 1.75% per unit. Class I units are available for purchase to certain institutional clients.
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Rights Upon Liquidation
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or any liquidating distribution of our assets, such assets, or the proceeds thereof, will be distributed among all the unitholders in proportion to the number of units held by such holder.
Voting Rights of the Unitholders.
Our operating agreement provides that without a concurrence of a majority of the outstanding unitholder interests, our board of managers may not (a) amend our operating agreement except for amendments that do not adversely affect the rights of the unitholders, (b) sell all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of our business or (c) cause our merger into another entity or other reorganization, provided that the board of managers, upon advice of the counsel, may restructure the Company and/or enter into any agreements the board of managers deems necessary, without the prior unitholder approval, if such activities are reasonably determined by our board of managers, in its sole discretion, to avoid the characterization of the Company as a “publicly traded partnership” within the meaning of Section 7704(b) of the Code.
In addition, our unitholders have the right to take any of the following actions upon the affirmative vote or consent of the majority of the outstanding unitholder interests, without the concurrence of the board of managers: (a) amend our operating agreement; (b) dissolve the Company, (c) remove a manager and elect a new manager, and (d) approve or disapprove the sale of all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of our business.
Capital Account
A capital account is established and maintained for each unitholder. Each unitholder’s capital account is adjusted to reflect allocations of our net profits or net losses. Capital accounts are also adjusted to reflect capital contributions, distributions and redemptions and other items in the nature of income or gain, or expenses and losses as required by the Code and the Regulations promulgated thereunder.
Distributions
We have paid and intent to continue to pay distributions pursuant to the terms of our operating agreement on a monthly basis. Our board of managers sets daily record dates for purposes of distribution. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Distributions are subject to the board of managers’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions and accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will continue to make distributions at a specific rate or at all. Generally, our policy is to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. However, our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from any source, including borrowings and offering proceeds, provided, however that no funds may be advanced or borrowed for purpose of distributions, if the amount of such distributions exceeds our accrued and received revenues for the previous four quarters, less paid and accrued operating costs with respect to such revenues. We have not established a cap on the use of offering proceeds to fund distributions. During the quarters ending December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, the Sponsor made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750, respectively, which were added to our cash flow from operations in order to cover the distributions made during those quarters. If we continue to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investments and your overall return will be reduced. Distributions are made on all classes of our units at the same time. The cash distributions with respect to the Class C units are lower than the cash distributions with respect to Class A and Class I units because of the distribution fee relating to Class C units, which are allocated as a Class C specific expense. Amounts distributed to each class are allocated among the unitholders in such class in proportion to their units. Because the payment of such fees is not a deductible expense for tax purposes, the taxable income of the Company allocable to the Class C unitholders may, therefore, exceed the amount of cash distributions made to the Class C unitholders.
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Meetings of Unitholders
There are no regularly scheduled meetings of our unitholders. However, our board of managers may call meetings of the unitholders at any time and will call a meeting upon written request to the board of managers by unitholders holding at least 10% of the units. Upon receipt of a proper written request for a meeting, the board of managers will fix a date for such meeting and will, within ten days after receipt of such request, notify all of the unitholders of the meeting’s date and purpose. Meetings duly requested by unitholders will be held not less than fifteen and not more than 60 days following the receipt of the unitholders’ written request for the meeting. Unless otherwise specified in the notice for such meeting, meetings will be held at 2:00 p.m. at our offices. As a unitholder, you may vote in person or by proxy at the meeting, upon those proposals that are required to be voted on by unitholders under our operating agreement. A majority of the unitholders constitutes a quorum at meetings.
Accounting and Reports
We maintain our books and records on the accrual basis for bookkeeping and accounting purposes, and also use the accrual basis method of reporting income and losses for federal income tax purposes. We reserve the right to change such methods of accounting, provided that such change is disclosed in a report publicly filed with the SEC or is disclosed in a written notice sent to the unitholders. You may inspect the books and records of the Company for a proper purpose at all reasonable times. Under our operating agreement and Delaware law, you are entitled to receive information regarding our business and financial condition, as well as a copy of our operating agreement and certificate of formation and all amendments to these documents as well as other information that is just and reasonable. We will provide this information to you through our publicly filed reports with the SEC. Any unitholder will be provided with a copy of any of the reports upon request without expense to him or her. In addition, each unitholder is entitled to receive a copy of the Company’s income tax returns as well as the Company’s annual and quarterly reports and other filings described in “— Regulatory and Administrative Reports” below. You may also request a list of names and addresses of the unitholders of the Company, under the circumstances provided for, and pursuant to the provisions contained in our operating agreement. Our board of managers follows the policy of providing investors with these books and records, as required under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act.
Regulatory and Administrative Reports
We cause our income tax returns to be prepared and timely filed with the appropriate authorities. We also cause to be prepared and filed, with appropriate federal and state regulatory and administrative bodies, all reports required to be filed with those entities under then current applicable laws, rules and regulations. Any unitholder will be provided with a copy of any of the reports upon request without expense to him or her. We file, with the securities administrators for the various states in which we are registered, as required by such states, a copy of each of the above reports.
Restrictions on Transfer
The operating agreement places substantial limitations upon your ability to transfer units. Any transferee must be a person that would have been qualified to purchase units in this offering. No unit may be transferred if, in the judgment of the managers, and/or their counsel, a transfer would jeopardize our status as a “partnership” for federal income tax purposes. Additional restrictions on transfers of units may be imposed under the securities laws of other states upon transfers occurring in or involving the residents of such states. In addition, you are not permitted to make any transfer or assignment of your units if we determine such transfer or assignment would result in the Company being classified as a “publicly traded partnership” within the meaning of Section 7704(b) of the Code or any rules, regulations or safe-harbor guidelines promulgated thereunder. Furthermore, our operating agreement requires the consent of our board of managers for a transferee to be substituted as a member of the Company, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. We amend our records at least once each calendar quarter to effect the substitution of a substituted unitholder.
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Term of Company
Our term commenced on the day the certificate of formation of the Company was filed with the Delaware Secretary of State, on April 30, 2012 and will continue until dissolution and termination of the Company.
Winding Up
Upon the occurrence of an event of dissolution, we will immediately be dissolved, but will continue until the Company’s affairs have been wound up. Upon our dissolution, our board of managers will wind up our affairs by liquidating our assets as promptly as is consistent with obtaining current fair market value of such assets, either by sale to third parties or by collecting loan payments under the terms of the loans. All funds we receive will be applied to satisfy or provide for our debts and the balance will be distributed to the unitholders in accordance with the terms of the operating agreement.
Amendment
Our operating agreement may be amended by the affirmative vote of unitholders holding a majority of our interests. In addition, our operating agreement may be amended by our board of managers provided that such amendments do not adversely affect the rights of the unitholders. No amendment is permitted if the effect of the amendment would be to increase the duties or liabilities of any manager or unitholder or diminish the rights or benefits to which any manager or unitholder is entitled under the operating agreement, without the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the percentage interests held by the unitholders who would be adversely affected thereby (or the consent of a manager if it will be adversely affected thereby). The operating agreement will in no event be amended to change the limited liability of the unitholders without the affirmative vote or consent of all of the unitholders. Any amendment which affects the duties of the managers requires the consent of our board of managers. In addition, our board of managers has the right to amend our operating agreement, without the vote or consent of any of the unitholders, when:
| • | | there is a change in the name of the Company or the amount of the contribution of any unitholder; |
| • | | a person is substituted as a unitholder; |
| • | | an additional unitholder is admitted; |
| • | | a person is admitted as a successor or additional manager in accordance with the terms of the operating agreement; |
| • | | to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision which may be inconsistent with any other provision, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the operating agreement which are not inconsistent with the provisions of the operating agreement; |
| • | | to delete or add any provision of the operating agreement required to be so deleted or added by the Staff of the SEC or by a State “Blue Sky” administrator or similar official, which request will be accepted as a determination by such administrator or officer that such change is required by the administrator or official for the benefit or protection of the unitholders; |
| • | | to elect for the Company to be governed by any successor Delaware statute governing limited liability companies; |
| • | | to modify provisions of the operating agreement to cause the operating agreement to comply with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b); and |
| • | | to improve, upon advice of counsel, the Company’s position in avoiding being treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under the Code. |
The board of managers will notify the unitholders within a reasonable time of the adoption of any such amendment, provided that such notice shall be deemed to have been given if the adopted amendment is disclosed in a report that the Company publicly files with the SEC.
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Arbitration
Nothing in the operating agreement or the subscription agreement requires the mandatory arbitration of disputes between a unitholder and the Company or any manager.
Other rights
Our operating agreement does not provide for any preemptive or dissenting rights for our unitholders.
REPORTS TO UNITHOLDERS
We provide periodic reports to unitholders regarding our operations over the course of the year. Financial information contained in all reports to unitholders is prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Tax information is mailed to the unitholders no later than 75 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year. Our annual report, which includes financial statements audited and reported upon by independent public accountants, is furnished within 120 days following the close of each fiscal year, or such shorter period as may be required by law. Our Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q is furnished within 45 days after the close of each quarterly fiscal period, or such shorter period as may be required by law. The annual report also contains an estimated value per unit, the method by which that value was determined, and the date of the data used to develop the estimated value. We make all reports required to be furnished to you available on our website at www.trilincglobalimpactfund.com. You may receive a paper copy upon request.
We may also receive requests from unitholders and their advisors to answer specific questions and report to them regarding our operations over the course of the year utilizing means of communication in addition to the periodic written reports referred to in the previous paragraph. Personnel from our dealer manager and our Advisor’s investor relations group endeavors to meet any such reasonable request electronically or in person. Costs to provide this unitholder service are not material to our total operational budget.
In the event that the SEC promulgates rules and/or in the event that the applicable guidelines of the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc., are amended so that, taking these changes into account, our reporting requirements are reduced, we may cease preparing and filing some of the aforementioned reports if the managers determine this action to be in the best interest of us and if this cessation is in compliance with the rules and regulations of the commission and state securities law and regulations, both as then amended.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This is a continuous offering of units as permitted by the federal securities laws. We are publicly offering three classes of units of our limited liability company interest: Class A units, Class C units and Class I units. We are offering a maximum of $1,500,000,000 in units of our limited liability company interest, consisting of up to $1,250,000,000 in units in our primary offering and up to $250,000,000 in units pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate the units we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. We are offering to sell any combination of Class A, Class C, and Class I units with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount and we reserve the right to reallocate among these classes of units. We commenced this offering on February 25, 2013. We may sell the units in this offering until December 31, 2016; however, we may decide to extend this offering or we may terminate the offering earlier. In some states, we need to renew our registration annually in order to continue offering units. Therefore, we may have to stop selling units in any state in which our registration is not annually renewed or otherwise extended. The dealer manager is not required to sell any specific number, dollar amount or class of units but will use its best efforts to sell the units offered.
Our Class A units, Class C units and Class I units are available for different categories of investors and/or different distribution channels. Class I units are available for purchase to institutional clients. Class A and C units each are available for purchase by the general public through different distribution channels. Only Class A units are available for purchase in this offering by our executive officers and board of managers and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of our Advisor and other affiliates of our Advisor and their immediate family members and, if approved by our management, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers.
The unit classes have different selling commissions and dealer manager fees. In addition, Class C units also have a distribution fee, as described below. When deciding which class of units to buy, you should consider, among other things, whether you are eligible to purchase one or more classes of units, the amount of your investment, the length of time you intend to hold the units (assuming you are able to dispose of them), the selling commission and fees attributable to each class of units and whether you qualify for any selling commission discounts described below. Before making your investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor regarding your account type and the classes of units you may be eligible to purchase.
Investments are made by completing and properly executing a subscription agreement. The initial minimum permitted purchase is $2,000. Additional purchases must be for a minimum of $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Your investment funds must be submitted with the subscription agreement. We admit our unitholders on a daily basis.
We determine our net asset value for each class of units each quarter. We are currently selling our units on a continuous basis at an offering price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit; however, to the extent that our net asset value on the most recent valuation date increases above or decreases below our net proceeds per unit as stated in this prospectus, our board of managers will adjust the offering prices of all classes of units to ensure that no unit is sold at a price, after deduction of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, that is above or below our net asset value per unit as of the most recent valuation date. Promptly following any such adjustment to the offering prices per unit, we will file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement with the SEC disclosing the adjusted offering prices, and we will also post the updated information on our website at www.trilincglobalimpactfund.com. The adjusted offering prices become effective five business days after our board of managers determines to set the new prices and we publicly disclose such prices.
To purchase units in this offering, you must complete and sign a subscription agreement (in the form attached to this prospectus as Appendix B) for a specific dollar amount and pay such amount at the time of subscription. The initial minimum permitted purchase is $2,000. Additional purchases must be made for a
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minimum of $500, except for purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. You should make your check payable to “TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC.” Subscriptions are effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. Pending acceptance of your subscription, proceeds are deposited into an account for your benefit. Subscriptions are accepted or rejected within 10 business days of receipt of each completed subscription agreement by us and, if rejected, all funds are returned to subscribers without deduction for any expenses within 10 business days from the date the subscription is rejected. In no event will the investors be admitted as members of our limited liability company any later than the last day of the calendar month following the date their subscription was accepted by the Company. We are not permitted to accept a subscription for the units until at least five business days after the date you receive the final prospectus. If we accept your subscription, our transfer agent will mail you a confirmation of acceptance.
Dealer Manager
Our dealer manager is SC Distributors, an affiliate of Strategic Capital and a member of FINRA. The dealer manager is headquartered at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 600, Costa Mesa, CA 92626. Our dealer manager acts as a distributor of units offered by this prospectus.
Underwriting Compensation
We have entered into a dealer manager agreement with our dealer manager and have the following compensation arrangements in connection with this offering. We do not pay referral or similar fees to any accountant, attorneys or other persons in connection with the distribution of units. Underwriting compensation includes selling commissions, dealer manager fees, distribution fees in connection with Class C units, marketing support fees, wholesaling compensation and expense reimbursements, expenses relating to sales seminars and sales incentives, legal and due diligence expenses.
Summary
The following table shows the selling commissions payable at the time you subscribe for units in the primary offering, which selling commissions are subject to the provisions for a waiver or reduction in certain circumstances as described below:
| | | | |
| | Maximum up-front selling commissions as a % gross proceeds from such class of units (1) | |
Class A units | | | 7.00 | % |
Class C units | | | 3.00 | % |
Class I units | | | None | |
(1) | The selling commissions may be reduced or waived in certain circumstances. See “— Special Discounts.” |
The following table shows the fees we will pay the dealer manager with respect to each class of units. The dealer manager fee is payable at the time you subscribe for units in the primary offering and the distribution fee for Class C units is payable on an ongoing basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Class A | | | Class C | | | Class I | |
Dealer Manager Fee (1) | | | 2.75 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | | 1.75 | % |
Distribution Fee (2) | | | None | | | | 0.80 | % | | | None | |
(1) | The dealer manager fee is a percentage of gross proceeds in the primary offering for such class. The dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived at the direction of the dealer manager in certain circumstances. See “— Special Discounts” and “— Volume Discounts.” |
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(2) | The distribution fee accrues daily in an amount equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day, on a continuous basis from year to year subject to certain limitations under applicable FINRA rules. |
In no event will aggregate underwriting compensation paid exceed 10.0% of gross proceeds of our offering at the termination of the offering. We do not pay any selling commissions on any units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
Selling Commissions — Class A Units
We pay the dealer manager selling commissions on Class A units sold in the primary offering of up to 7.00% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such Class A units. All of the selling commissions are expected to be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers. We do not pay selling commission on any Class A units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Selling commissions may be reduced or waived in certain circumstances. See “— Special Discounts” and “— Volume Discounts.”
Selling Commissions — Class C Units
We pay the dealer manager selling commissions on Class C units sold in the primary offering of up to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such Class C units. All of the selling commissions are expected to be re-allowed to participating broker-dealers. We do not pay selling commission on any Class C units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Selling commissions on Class C units may be reduced or waived in certain circumstances. See “— Special Discounts” and “— Volume Discounts.”
Selling Commissions — Class I Units
We do not pay selling commissions on any Class I units.
Dealer Manager Fee — Class A and Class C Units
We pay the dealer manager a dealer manager fee for coordinating our marketing and distribution efforts on Class A and Class C units sold in the primary offering. The dealer manager fee on Class A and Class C units sold in the primary offering will be up to 2.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such Class A and Class C units. The dealer manager may re-allow a portion of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. We do not pay dealer manager fees on any Class A or Class C units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Dealer manager fees with respect to Class A and C units may be waived or reduced in certain circumstances. See “— Special Discounts” and “— Volume Discounts.”
Dealer Manager Fee — Class I Units
For coordinating our marketing and distribution efforts, we pay our dealer manager a dealer manager fee on Class I units sold in the primary offering of up to 1.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such Class I units. The dealer manager may re-allow a portion of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers. We do not pay dealer manager fees on any Class I units sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Dealer manager fees with respect to Class I units may be waived or reduced in certain circumstances. See “— Special Discounts” and “— Volume Discounts.”
Distribution Fee — Class C Units Only
We pay the dealer manager a distribution fee with respect to our Class C units as additional compensation for selling units in the offering and for ongoing unitholder services. The distribution fee accrues daily in an amount equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a
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continuous basis from year to year. The distribution fee is payable in arrears on a quarterly basis. The dealer manager may re-allow all or any portion of the distribution fee to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers. We will continue paying distribution fees with respect to Class C units sold in this offering until the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of the Class C units on a national securities exchange, (ii) following the completion of this offering, total underwriting compensation in this offering equaling 10% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering, or (iii) there are no longer any Class C units outstanding. Because the distribution fee is based on our net asset value for Class C units, it is payable with respect to all Class C units, including Class C units issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. We do not pay the distribution fee on Class A and Class I units.
Other Compensation
If an investor purchases units in our primary offering net of commissions through a registered investment advisor with whom the investor has agreed to pay compensation for investment advisory services or other financial or investment advice and if in connection with such purchase the investor must also pay a broker-dealer for custodial or other services relating to holding the units in the investor’s account, we reduce the aggregate purchase price of the investor’s units by the amount of the annual custodial or other fees paid to the broker-dealer in an amount up to $250. Each investor receives only one reduction in purchase price for such fees and this reduction in the purchase price of our units is only available for the investor’s initial investment in our units. The investor may request the “Request for Broker Dealer Custodial Fee Reimbursement Form” from his or her financial advisor and must include this form with his or her subscription agreement to have the purchase price of the investor’s initial investment in units reduced by the amount of his or her annual custodial fee.
In addition, we and, to a lesser extent, our affiliates may reimburse our dealer manager and its associated persons and affiliates for other expenses incurred, including expenses related to bona fide training and education meetings, sales seminars, wholesaling activities and legal expenses. We may also reimburse for accountable and non-accountable expenses such as for marketing support and due diligence. Amounts paid by us to our dealer manager may be paid by our dealer manager to any participating broker-dealers. We may also reimburse the participating broker-dealers for certain expenses incurred in connection with this offering. Expenses that we may pay to participating broker-dealers, or those expenses our dealer manager reallows to participating broker-dealers, are subject to reimbursement for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred and supported by a detailed and itemized invoice or similar statement from the participating broker-dealer that demonstrates the actual expenses incurred and include reimbursements for costs and expenses related to investor and broker-dealer sales and training meetings, broker-dealer training and education meetings for such meetings conducted by us, our dealer manager or participating broker dealers and including costs of technology associated with the offering and other costs and expenses related to such technology costs.
We, or our affiliates, may provide permissible forms of non-cash compensation to registered representatives of our dealer manager and the participating broker-dealers. The value of any non-cash compensation that are gifts may not exceed an aggregate of $100 per sales person, per year in accordance with FINRA regulations. In the event other incentives are provided to registered representatives of the dealer manager or the participating broker-dealers, those incentives are paid only in cash, and such payments are made only to the dealer manager, not to participating broker-dealers or to their registered representatives. This offering is being made in compliance with Conduct Rule 2310 of FINRA. Under the rules of FINRA, the maximum compensation payable to members of FINRA participating in this offering may not exceed 10% of our gross offering proceeds as of the termination of the offering. FINRA rules also limit our total organization and offering expenses (including selling commissions, bona fide due diligence expenses and underwriting compensation) to 15% of our gross offering proceeds.
To the extent permitted under applicable law and our operating agreement, we have agreed to indemnify the dealer manager, participating broker-dealers, and selected registered investment advisors against certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of our representations and warranties contained in the dealer manager agreement.
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The dealer manager and/or participating broker-dealers are required to deliver a copy of the prospectus to each potential investor. We may make this prospectus, our subscription agreement, certain offering documents, administrative and transfer forms, as well as certain marketing materials, available electronically to the dealer manager and participating broker-dealers as an alternative to paper copies when possible. If the dealer manager or a participating broker-dealer chooses to offer electronic delivery of these documents to an investor, it will comply with all applicable requirements of the SEC and FINRA and any laws or regulations related to the electronic delivery of documents.
Unit Distribution Channels
Our dealer manager uses multiple distribution channels to sell our units. These channels may have different selling commissions or dealer manager fees, and, in the case of Class C units, distribution fees, which may determine whether that broker-dealer makes available to you Class A, Class C or Class I units, and the purchase price of such units. See “— Special Discounts.”
Our dealer manager engages participating broker-dealers in connection with the sale of the units of this offering in accordance with participating broker-dealer agreements. Except as otherwise described, selling commissions, dealer manager fees and, in the case of Class C units, distribution fees, are paid by us to our dealer manager in connection with such sales.
We deliver units through independent investment advisors (affiliated with registered broker-dealers) and through banks and other entities exempt from broker-dealer registration and acting as trustees or fiduciaries.
Subject to compliance with applicable regulations, we may sell units directly to certain institutional investors in negotiated transactions in which no party is acting as an underwriter, dealer or agent. We determine the per unit price through negotiations with these institutional investors.
Investments through IRA Accounts
If you would like to purchase units through an IRA account, First Trust Retirement has agreed to act as IRA custodian for purchasers of our units as described below; however, we do not require that you use our IRA custodian.
If you would like to establish a new IRA account with First Trust Retirement for an investment in our units, we pay the first-year annual IRA maintenance fees of such accounts with First Trust Retirement. After we pay the first calendar year base fee, investors are responsible for the annual IRA maintenance fees charged by First Trust Retirement charged at the beginning of each calendar year. Further information about custodial services is available through your broker or through our dealer manager at 1-888-292-3178.
Special Discounts
If an investor purchases our units through one of the channels described below, we may sell the units at a negotiated discount, reflecting reduced or waived selling commissions or dealer manager fees in connection with such purchases. We expect to receive substantially the same net proceeds for sales of units through these channels. Neither our dealer manager nor its affiliates are expected to compensate any person engaged as a financial advisor by a potential investor to induce such financial advisor to advise favorably for an investment in us.
Class A and Class C Units
The selling commission is waived and, except as indicated below, the dealer manager fee may be waived or reduced at the discretion of the dealer manager, in connection with the following categories of sales:
| • | | sales in which an investor pays a broker-dealer a fixed fee, e.g., a percentage of assets under management, for investment advisory and broker-dealer services, which is referred to as a “wrap fee;” |
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| • | | sales made by certain selected participating broker-dealers at the discretion of the dealer manager; |
| • | | sales in managed accounts that are managed by participating broker-dealers or their affiliates; or |
| • | | sales to employees of selected participating broker-dealers (except that the dealer manager fee will be paid in full). |
In addition, the dealer manager may reduce or waive selling commissions and may reduce dealer manager fees with respect to sales of Class A and Class C units to institutional clients aggregated through an omnibus account.
Class I Units
At the discretion of the dealer manager, the dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived in situations in which the Class I investor:
| • | | has engaged the services of a registered investment advisor with whom the investor has agreed to pay compensation for investment advisory services or other financial or investment advice (other than a registered investment advisor that is also registered as a broker-dealer who does not have a fixed or “wrap fee” feature or other asset fee arrangement with the investor); or |
| • | | is investing through a bank, investment advisor or other entity exempt from broker-dealer registration acting as trustee or fiduciary, where the investor has delegated the decision-making authority for the investment made through the account; or |
| • | | is granted a waiver or reduction at the discretion of the dealer manager. |
In addition, the dealer manager may reduce or waive any dealer manager fees with respect to sales of Class I units to institutional clients aggregated through an omnibus account.
Friends and Family
Our executive officers and managers and their immediate family members, as well as officers and persons associated with our Advisor and its members and their affiliates and their immediate family members (including spouses, parents, grandparents, children and siblings) and other individuals designated by our management, and, if approved by our board of managers, joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers, may purchase Class A units in this offering at a discount. The purchase price for such units is currently $9.30 per unit, reflecting the fact that selling commissions in the amount of $0.70 per unit is waived and not payable in connection with such units. There is no limit on the number of Class A units that may be sold to such persons.
Volume Discounts
In connection with sales of over $500,000 in any combination of Class A, Class C and Class I units to a qualifying purchaser (as defined below), a participating broker-dealer may offer such qualifying purchaser a volume discount by reducing or eliminating the selling commissions, where applicable, and/or reducing dealer manager fees. Such reductions are credited to the qualifying purchaser by reducing the total purchase price payable by the qualifying purchaser for the units purchased by the qualifying purchaser. The net proceeds to us from sales of units eligible for a volume discount are the same as from other sales of the units.
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The following table illustrates the various discount levels that will be offered to qualifying purchasers by participating broker-dealers for units purchased in the primary offering:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dollar Amount of Units Purchased | | Class A | | | Class C | | | Class I | |
| Selling Commission Percentage | | | Dealer Manager Fee | | | Purchase Price per Unit to Investor (1) | | | Selling Commission Percentage | | | Dealer Manager Fee | | | Purchase Price per Unit to Investor (2) | | | Selling Commission Percentage | | | Dealer Manager Fee | | | Purchase Price per Unit to Investor (3) | |
$500,000 or less | | | 7.00 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 10.00 | | | | 3.00 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.576 | | | | — | | | | 1.75 | % | | $ | 9.186 | |
$500,001-$1,000,000 | | | 6.00 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.890 | | | | 2.50 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.525 | | | | — | | | | 1.75 | % | | $ | 9.186 | |
$1,000,001-$2,000,000 | | | 5.00 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.783 | | | | 2.00 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.475 | | | | — | | | | 1.75 | % | | $ | 9.186 | |
2,000,001-$3,000,000 | | | 4.00 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.678 | | | | 1.50 | % | | | 2.75 | % | | $ | 9.426 | | | | — | | | | 1.75 | % | | $ | 9.186 | |
$3,000,001-$5,000,000 | | | 3.00 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | $ | 9.535 | | | | 1.00 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | $ | 9.338 | | | | — | | | | 1.50 | % | | $ | 9.162 | |
$5,000,001-$10,000,000 | | | 2.00 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | $ | 9.435 | | | | 0.50 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | $ | 9.290 | | | | — | | | | 1.50 | % | | $ | 9.162 | |
$10,000,001 and above | | | 1.00 | % | | | 2.15 | % | | $ | 9.319 | | | | 0.00 | % | | | 2.15 | % | | $ | 9.223 | | | | — | | | | 1.35 | % | | $ | 9.149 | |
(1) | Assumes $10.00 per unit offering price. Discounts will be adjusted appropriately for changes in the offering price. |
(2) | Assumes $9.576 per unit offering price. Discounts will be adjusted appropriately for changes in the offering price. We also pay the dealer manager a distribution fee with respect to the Class C units, which accrues daily in an amount equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. |
(3) | Assumes $9.186 per unit offering price. Discounts will be adjusted appropriately for changes in the offering price. |
All selling commission and dealer manager rates set forth in the table above are calculated assuming a purchase price of $10.00 per Class A unit, $9.576 per Class C unit and $9.186 per Class I unit. We apply the reduced per unit purchase price, selling commission, if applicable, and dealer manager fee, set forth in the table above to the entire purchase, not just the portion of the purchase which exceeds the $500,000 unit purchase threshold, provided the purchase of all such units is made at one time. For example, a purchase of 300,000 of Class A units in a single transaction would result in a purchase price of $2,903,400.00 ($9.678 per unit) and selling commissions of $116,136.00.
To qualify for a volume discount as a result of multiple purchases of units, an investor must use the same participating broker-dealer for each purchase and must complete a subscription form for additional purchases, a form of which is included in Appendix B. Once an investor qualifies for a volume discount, the investor is eligible to receive the benefit of such discount for subsequent purchases of units in the primary offering made through the same participating broker-dealer. If a subsequent purchase entitles an investor to an increased reduction in selling commissions or dealer manager fees, the volume discount applies only to the current and future investments.
The following persons qualify as a “qualifying purchaser,” and, to the extent purchased through the same participating broker-dealer, may combine their purchases as a “single qualifying purchaser” for the purpose of qualifying for a volume discount:
| • | | an individual, his or her spouse, their children under the age of 21 and all pension or trust funds established by each such individual; |
| • | | a corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust fund or any organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not; |
| • | | an employee’s trust, pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code; and |
| • | | all commingled trust funds maintained by a given bank. |
In the event a person wishes to have his or her subscription combined with others as a single qualifying purchaser, that person must request such treatment in writing at the time of that person’s subscription and identify the subscriptions to be combined. Any combination request is subject to our verification that the subscriptions to be combined are made by a single qualifying purchaser. If the subscription agreements for the combined subscriptions of a single qualifying purchaser are submitted at the same time, then the selling
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commissions payable and the discounted unit purchase price are allocated pro rata among the combined subscriptions on the basis of the respective subscription amounts being combined. Otherwise, the volume discount provisions apply only to the subscription that qualifies the single qualifying purchaser for the volume discount and the subsequent subscriptions of that single qualifying purchaser.
Only the units purchased in the primary offering are eligible for volume discounts. Units purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan are not eligible for a volume discount and do not count toward aggregate purchase amounts for the purposes of determining for which purchase price discount level an investor is eligible.
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DISTRIBUTIONS
We pay distributions pursuant to the terms of our operating agreement on a monthly basis. Our board of managers sets the daily record dates. From time to time, we may also pay interim distributions at the discretion of our board. Distributions are subject to the board of managers’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions and accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will make distributions at a specific rate or at all. The cash distributions with respect to the Class C units will be lower than the cash distributions with respect to Class A and Class I units because of the distribution fee relating to Class C units, which is allocated as a Class C specific expense. Amounts distributed to each class will be allocated among the unitholders in such class in proportion to their units.
Generally, it is our policy to pay distributions from interest income, capital gains and any fees paid by borrowers. All distributions were or will be paid in cash during the first two business days following the completion of each month to which they relate or reinvested in our units for those investors participating in our distribution reinvestment plan on the last calendar day of each month to which they relate. Because the timing of interest income, capital gains and fee income may vary for certain investments, and because we may need to utilize such income during any given period to fund certain of our expenses, we expect that at least during the early stages of our development, we may pay distributions in anticipation of income to be realized at a later date and that we may pay such distributions in advance of receipt of said funds. In these instances, we generally fund distributions through our Advisor’s deferral of its management fee. Distributions of cash to our investors should not be taxable unless such distributions exceed a unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in his or her interest in the Company. For a more detailed discussion of the taxation of the Company and distributions received from the Company, you are encouraged to read section “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” below. We are not prohibited from distributing our own securities in lieu of making cash distributions to unitholders, provided that the securities distributed to unitholders are readily marketable.
It is our general policy not to fund distributions using the proceeds of this offering. However, our board of managers has the authority, under our operating agreement, to the extent permitted by law, to pay distributions from any source, including but not limited to borrowings and the proceeds of this offering, capital contributions from the Sponsor, cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees, or the sale of any subsequent Company securities, provided, however that no funds may be advanced or borrowed for purpose of distributions, if the amount of such distributions exceeds our accrued and received revenues for the previous four quarters, less paid and accrued operating costs with respect to such revenues. We have not established a cap on the use of proceeds to fund distributions. During the quarters ending December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014, the Sponsor made capital contributions in the amount of $51,034 and $31,750, respectively, which were added to our cash flow from operations in order to cover the distributions made during those quarters. If we continue to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investments and your overall return will be reduced. In addition, as of December 31, 2015, the Sponsor has agreed to pay a cumulative total of approximately $6.9 million of operating expenses. If our Sponsor does not absorb our operating expenses, the distributions would need to be reduced.
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The following table summarizes our distributions declared since we commenced operations on June 11, 2013, including the breakout between the distributions paid in cash and those reinvested pursuant to our Distribution Reinvestment Plan:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sources | |
Quarters ended | | Amount per Unit | | | Cash Distributions | | | Distributions Reinvested | | | Total Declared | | | Cash Flows from Operating Activities | | | Cash Flows from Financing Activities (1) | |
March 31, 2015 | | $ | 0.17377 | | | $ | 944,850 | | | $ | 441,310 | | | $ | 1,386,160 | | | $ | 944,850 | | | $ | — | |
June 30, 2015 | | $ | 0.17570 | | | | 1,079,836 | | | | 556,073 | | | | 1,635,909 | | | | 1,079,836 | | | | — | |
September 30, 2015 | | $ | 0.17764 | | | | 1,263,850 | | | | 744,903 | | | | 2,008,753 | | | | 1,263,850 | | | | — | |
December 31, 2015 | | $ | 0.17764 | | | | 1,519,822 | | | | 1,014,666 | | | | 2,534,488 | | | | 1,519,822 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total for 2015 | | | | | | $ | 4,808,3583 | | | $ | 2,756,952 | | | $ | 7,565,310 | | | $ | 4,808,358 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2014 | | $ | 0.15577 | | | $ | 251,016 | | | $ | 71,482 | | | $ | 322,498 | | | $ | 219,266 | | | $ | 31,750 | |
June 30, 2014 | | $ | 0.16970 | | | | 349,070 | | | | 151,603 | | | | 500,673 | | | | 349,070 | | | | — | |
September 30, 2014 | | $ | 0.17764 | | | | 544,594 | | | | 242,582 | | | | 787,176 | | | | 544,594 | | | | — | |
December 31, 2014 | | $ | 0.17764 | | | | 794,372 | | | | 347,002 | | | | 1,141,374 | | | | 794,372 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total for 2014 | | | | | | $ | 1,939,052 | | | $ | 812,669 | | | $ | 2,751,721 | | | $ | 1,907,302 | | | $ | 31,750 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
September 30, 2013 | | $ | 0.15924 | | | $ | 46,681 | | | $ | 21,770 | | | $ | 68,451 | | | $ | 46,681 | | | $ | — | |
December 31, 2013 | | $ | 0.15924 | | | | 169,699 | | | | 28,492 | | | | 198,191 | | | | 118,665 | | | | 51,034 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total for 2013 | | | | | | $ | 216,380 | | | $ | 50,262 | | | $ | 266,642 | | | $ | 165,346 | | | $ | 51,034 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Capital contribution from our Sponsor |
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MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax implications of making an investment in us. The law firm of Greenberg Traurig LLP serves as our counsel on taxation matters and previously provided an opinion, dated February 25, 2013, on certain tax matters as indicated below. For the purposes of this section, references to “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refers only to TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC and not its subsidiaries or lower-tier entities, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is based upon the Code, the Regulations, rulings and other administrative pronouncements issued by the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and currently do not anticipate seeking an advanced ruling of the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this prospectus. This summary is also based on the assumption that we operate the Company and its affiliates in accordance with the terms of their organizational documents. This summary is for informational purposes only and does not purport to discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be of interest or important to a given investor in light of his or her particular investment or tax circumstances, or to investors subject to special tax provisions, including but not limited to the following:
| • | | Financial Institutions; |
| • | | Regulated Investment Companies; |
| • | | Partnerships and Trusts; |
| • | | Persons who hold units on behalf of other persons as a nominee; |
| • | | Persons who receive units through the exercise of employee unit options or otherwise as compensation; |
| • | | Persons holding units as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “constructive ownership transaction,” “synthetic security,” or other integrated investment; |
| • | | And, except to the extent discussed below: |
| • | | Tax-Exempt Organizations; and |
This summary assumes that investors hold their investment in us as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.
The federal income tax treatment of our unitholders depends, in some instances, on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular unitholder depend on such unitholder’s particular tax circumstances.You are urged to consult with your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences to you in light of your particular investment or tax circumstances of acquiring, holding, exchanging or otherwise disposing of your interest in us.
Classification as Partnership
We believe that we are classified, and intend to continue to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. We previously received an opinion of Greenberg Traurig LLP, our counsel, dated February 25, 2013, that under the provisions of the Code and the Regulations, as in effect on the date of the opinion, as well as
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under the relevant authority interpreting the Code and the Regulations, we will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as an association taxable as a corporation.
Counsel’s opinion is based upon the facts described in this prospectus and upon facts, assumptions, and undertakings as they have been represented to counsel by our managers or determined by them as of the date of the opinion. Counsel has not independently audited or verified the facts represented to them. Any alteration of the facts may adversely affect the opinion rendered. In addition, the opinion of counsel described above is not binding on the IRS or the courts. The general partner intends to take appropriate steps to prevent interests in us from being considered publicly traded and may take other reasonable steps to prevent or reduce the likelihood that we will be characterized as a publically traded partnership that is taxable as a corporation.
As a partnership for tax purposes, the Company itself is not subject to federal income tax. We have and will continue to file an annual partnership information return with the IRS reporting the results of our operations. Each unitholder is required to report separately on its income tax return its distributive share of our ordinary income or loss, net long-term capital gain or loss and net short-term capital gain or loss, if any and all other items of income or loss. Each unitholder’s distributive share of our taxable income and gain is generally taxable, regardless of whether the unitholder has received or will receive a distribution from us.
If the Company were instead classified as an association or publicly-traded partnership taxable as a corporation, the Company itself would be subject to a federal income tax on any taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Unitholders would not be entitled to take into account their distributive share of the Company’s deductions or credits, and would not be subject to tax on their distributive share of our income. Distributions to unitholders would be treated as dividends to the extent of our accumulated and current earnings and profits. Any excess would be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the unitholder’s tax basis, and thereafter as capital gain. If for any reason the Company becomes taxable as a corporation prospectively, a constructive incorporation may be deemed to have occurred. In the event that our liabilities exceeded the tax basis of our assets at the time of any constructive incorporation, unitholders may realize gain equal to their share of the excess of liabilities over basis.
Generally, a “publicly traded partnership” for federal tax purposes is any entity whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Applicable Regulations (the “Section 7704 Regulations”) provide guidance with respect to such classification standards, and create certain safe harbor standards which, if satisfied, generally preclude classification as a publicly traded partnership. Failure to satisfy a safe harbor provision under the Section 7704 Regulations will not cause an entity to be treated as a publicly traded partnership if, taking into account all facts and circumstances, the members are not readily able to buy, sell or exchange their interests in a manner that is comparable, economically, to trading on an established securities market. Our unit repurchase program does not satisfy all of the requirements to qualify for the safe harbor.
Notwithstanding our inability to rely on the safe harbor contained in the Section 7704 Regulations, we do not believe that the units will be traded on an established securities market or a secondary market or a substantial equivalent thereof as defined in the Section 7704 Regulations. Greenberg Traurig LLP has opined that, under the provisions of the Code and the Regulations, as in effect on the date of the opinion, as well as under the relevant authority interpreting the Code and the Regulations, and based on the representations we have made, the Company will not be treated as a publicly traded partnership within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code. In connection with receiving this opinion, we have represented that we will not take any affirmative action to intentionally establish a market for the units; that we will use our best efforts to ensure that the units will not be deemed to be traded on an established securities market or a secondary market in the future; and that we will strictly adhere to our operating agreement, which contains transfer restrictions intended to avoid publicly traded partnership status. We also have represented that we will limit transfers, including redemptions, to the extent necessary to prevent us from being classified as a publicly traded partnership.
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Based upon the legislative history of Section 7704 of the Code, the text of the 7704 Regulations, our anticipated operations as described in this prospectus and the operating agreement, and the representations provided by us, counsel has concluded that we should not be classified as a publicly traded partnership under Section 7704 of the Code. The Section 7704 Regulations are complex, and counsel’s determination regarding publicly traded partnership status is necessarily based upon counsel’s judgment and upon facts and circumstances that may change on an ongoing basis. For example, although we will use our best efforts to make sure that a secondary market or substantial equivalent thereof does not develop for the units, there can be no assurance that a secondary market for the units will not develop. Thus, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not successfully assert that we should be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for this purpose. Subject to the “qualifying income” exception discussed below, our classification as a “publicly traded partnership” would result in our being taxable as a corporation.
If we were treated as a “publicly traded partnership” for tax purposes, we would nonetheless remain taxable as a partnership if 90 percent or more of our gross income for each taxable year in which we were a publicly traded partnership consisted of “qualifying income.” For this purpose, qualifying income generally includes, among other things, interest, real property rents and gain from the sale or other disposition of real property. However, qualifying income does not include real property rents that are contingent on the profits of the lessees or income from the rental or lease of personal property. In addition, interest is not treated as “qualifying income” if the interest either (i) is derived in the conduct of a financial business or (ii) subject to exceptions, is contingent on the income or profits of any person. Given the nature of our lending activities, no assurance can be given that the IRS would not successfully assert that our interest income is not qualifying income, in which case this exception would not be available. If we were classified as a publicly traded partnership but satisfied the qualifying income exception to corporate taxation, the passive activity loss limitations discussed below would be required to be applied on a segregated basis to a unitholder’s investment in the units.
The Regulations set forth broad “anti-abuse” rules authorizing the IRS to recast transactions either to reflect the underlying economic arrangement or to prevent the circumvention of the intended purpose of any provision of the Code. Our managers are not aware of any fact or circumstance which could cause these rules to be applied to us, However, if any of the transactions that we enter into were to be recharacterized under these rules, or we ourselves were to be recast as a taxable entity under these rules, material adverse tax consequences to all of the unitholders might occur.
Taxation of Unitholders in General
As indicated above, in general, the Company is classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and, as a partnership, we are not a taxable entity. Rather, our items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit (if any), and the character of such items (e.g., as interest or dividend income, as investment interest deductions or as capital gain or ordinary income), generally flows through to the unitholders, with each unitholder reporting its distributive share of the items on the unitholder’s federal income tax return for the taxable year which includes the end of the Company’s year. The unitholders are taxed on the Company’s income regardless of whether they receive distributions from the Company. The Company is an accrual basis taxpayer and recognizes income from accrual of interest income, regardless of whether the interest payments are received by the Company. Thus, it is possible that a unitholder could incur income tax liability with respect to its share of the income of the Company without receiving a distribution from the Company to pay such liability. In general, cash distributions from the Company to a unitholder (including a deemed distribution from a reduction in the unitholder’s share of the Company liabilities) will not be taxable except to the extent that distributions during a year exceed the unitholder’s share of the Company’s taxable income for the year and the unitholder’s tax basis in its interest in the Company.
As discussed above, the payment of the distribution fee with respect to the Class C units is deemed to be paid from cash distributions that would otherwise be distributable to the Class C unitholders. Accordingly, the holders of Class C units receive a lower cash distribution to the extent of such Class C unitholder’s obligation to
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pay such fees. Because the payment of such fees is not a deductible expense for tax purposes, the taxable income of the Company allocable to the Class C unitholders may, therefore, exceed the amount of cash distributions made to the Class C unitholders.
Prospective U.S. investors should note that they may be subject to a special Medicare tax on certain investment income. In general, in the case of an individual, this tax is computed at a rate of 3.8% of the lesser of (i) the taxpayer’s “net investment income” or (ii) the excess of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income over the prescribed threshold amounts ($250,000 for taxpayers filing a joint return, $125,000 for married individuals filing separate returns and $200,000 for other taxpayers). In the case of an estate or trust, this tax is imposed on the lesser of (x) the undistributed net investment income of the estate or trust for the taxable year, and (y) the excess of the adjusted gross income of the estate or trust for such taxable year over a prescribed threshold. Unitholders should note that a unitholder’s distributive share of the Company’s taxable income or gain will generally be included as investment income for purposes of this tax. Further, any taxable gain from a unitholder’s disposition of an Interest must be taken into account by the unitholder, for purposes of the application of this tax, as if the Company had sold all its properties for their fair market value immediately before such disposition.
The Company uses the accrual method of accounting to report income and deductions for tax purposes, prepares its financials using GAAP, and computes distributions based on actual cash receipts, disbursements and reserves. It reports on the basis of a taxable year, which is generally the calendar year, or other taxable period as required by the Code. The Company files an annual federal informational tax return, Form 1065, reporting its operations for each taxable year or taxable period to the IRS and, after each taxable year or taxable period, provides unitholders with the information on Schedule K-1 to Form 1065 necessary to enable them to include in their tax returns the tax information arising from their investments in the Company. The Code generally requires that the unitholders file their returns in a manner consistent with the treatment of the Company items on the Company return, unless a statement is filed with the IRS identifying the inconsistency.
Tax Allocations
Items of the Company’s income, gain, loss, deduction and credit (if any) are allocated to unitholders in accordance with the terms of the operating agreement. An allocation of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit among the unitholders under our operating agreement is not recognized and may be reallocated by the IRS for tax purposes if the allocation lacks “substantial economic effect” and is not in accordance with the unitholder’s interest in the Company. The operating agreement generally allocates profits and losses in the same manner as cash distributions are made and the Company believes these allocations are in accordance with the unitholders’ interests in the Company. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the allocations in the operating agreement and attempt to reallocate profits and losses (and the tax obligations associated with such items) among the unitholders and/or the managers. Counsel has not rendered an opinion on whether the Company’s allocations are in accordance with the unitholders’ interests in the Company. If the IRS were to challenge successfully any allocation of the Company’s income, gain, loss, deduction or credit (if any), additional income could be reallocated to a unitholder and the unitholder could otherwise be adversely affected. Each unitholder should consult with its tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign tax considerations applicable to an investment in the Company.
Distributions from the Company and Unitholder Tax Basis
While the Company is operating, a unitholder generally will not recognize gain on the receipt of a distribution of money from the Company (including any constructive distribution of money resulting from a reduction in the unitholder’s share of our liabilities), except to the extent that such a distribution exceeds the unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in its Company units. A unitholder’s tax basis in its units initially is the amount paid for such units, plus the unitholder’s allocable share (as determined for federal income tax purposes) of any liabilities of the Company, and is thereafter adjusted as required under the Code to give effect on an ongoing basis to the unitholder’s allocable share of our tax items, distributions and liabilities. The rules governing the
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taxation of partners and partnerships are quite complex, and unitholders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of an investment in the units in light of the investor’s particular circumstances and the impact on their individual tax.
Liquidating distributions may result in the recognition of taxable gain by the unitholder. Such gain will be recognized to the extent that the amount of money received (including any constructive distribution of money resulting from a reduction in the unitholder’s share of our liabilities) exceeds the unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in its units. A unitholder will recognize a loss only if the only distribution made to the unitholder consists of cash or of unrealized receivables or inventory (both as specially defined in the Code for this purpose), and then only if (and to the extent that) the unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in its interest exceeds the sum of the cash distributed and our adjusted basis for the unrealized receivables and inventory distributed to such unitholder. However, if substantially appreciated inventory or unrealized receivables (each as specially defined in the Code for this purpose) are distributed non-pro rata in liquidation, such distribution would be treated as a sale or exchange, with the result that the distributee unitholders could be required to recognize both ordinary income and capital gain on the distribution.
Any gain recognized by a unitholder on the receipt of a distribution from the Company, either prior to or upon the liquidation of its units, may include items of capital gain and items of ordinary income, depending upon the application of Section 751 of the Code to the distribution.
Income from Sale of Interest by Unitholder
Interests are not transferable without the consent of our board of managers and subject to other limitations specified in our operating agreement. If a unitholder does sell an interest, gain or loss will generally be recognized in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the amount realized (the sale proceeds plus the unitholder’s share of partnership liabilities of which the unitholder is relieved), and (ii) the unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in the interest. If the interest has been held for more than one year, any gain or loss will generally be long-term capital gain or loss. However, any amount received that is attributable to the unitholder’s share of the Company’s “unrealized receivables” (which is defined to include depreciation recapture property) and “substantially appreciated inventory” is treated as an amount received for a non-capital asset and may result in ordinary income. Currently, the maximum federal income tax rate on long-term capital gains recognized by individuals (i.e., gains with respect to capital assets held for more than one year, other than depreciation recapture and the ordinary income items referred to above) is 20 percent. Special rules will apply to the disposition of an interest by a foreign unitholder. Capital losses for a year may only be used to offset capital gains of the unitholder for such year or future years, plus $3,000 of ordinary income per year for individuals.
In the event that a unitholder sells its entire interest in the Company, the Company’s taxable year will close on the date of such sale with respect to the selling unitholder (but not the remaining unitholders). In such a case the tax items of the Company are prorated between the selling unitholder, the transferee unitholder and the remaining unitholders pursuant to Section 706 of the Code. In the event that a unitholder disposes of less than the entire interest, the Company’s tax year will not terminate with respect to the selling unitholder, but the selling unitholder’s proportionate share of items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit will also be determined pursuant to Section 706 of the Code. Because Company income will generally flow through to the unitholder for the period prior to any sale of such unitholder’s units or liquidation of the Company, a selling unitholder may recognize taxable income substantially in excess of the cash, if any, received, in such a liquidation or sale.
Taxation of Company Investments
The federal income tax treatment of the Company’s investments is complex. Because the Company is taxable as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the taxation of the Company’s investments impacts each of the unitholders. The characterization and treatment of the Company’s investments shall be made in a reasonable manner, in the sole discretion of the board of managers. The Company invests in different types of
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loans. The discussion below reflects a summary of the possible investments that the Company may make. However, the discussion below is not intended to limit the investment objectives of the Company.
Treatment of Loans Containing Participation Features. The Company may extend loans with an equity interest in the property securing the loans. With respect to loans containing such participation features, an issue may arise as to whether the relationship between the Company and the borrower is that of debtor and creditor or whether the Company is more properly construed as an “equity” investor in the borrower entity (e.g. as a partner or shareholder). If the Company is treated as a creditor of the borrower, a unitholder’s distributive share of income derived from the borrower will be treated as interest income. If the Company is treated as an equity investor in the borrower, the income from the participation feature of the loans and/or the stated interest may be treated as a distribution of profits of the partnership or a dividend (in the case of a borrower that is a corporation, to the extent of the borrower’s earnings and profits). If the borrower is a partnership, or if the loan creates a “deemed partnership,” the nature of the borrower’s income will dictate the treatment of such payments by the Company. Such treatment could result in UBTI for certain tax-exempt unitholders. If the borrower is a corporation, payment received by the Company may be characterized as dividends to the extent of the borrower’s earnings and profits, then as a return of capital to the extent of the Company’s adjusted tax basis in its “stock” in the borrower, and thereafter as capital gain to the extent of any distributions received in excess of such tax basis.
Repayment or Sale of Loans. No gain or loss is recognized by the Company upon the repayment of principal of a loan. The Company takes the position that it holds the loans it originates or acquires for investment purposes rather than as a dealer or as property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of its trade or business. As a result, the Company generally takes the position that gain recognized on the sale or exchange of a loan constitutes capital gain and not ordinary income. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS would agree with this position. If the Company were held to be a dealer or if the loans were treated as property held for sale, the Company may recognize ordinary income on the sale of the loans rather than capital gain. Gain will also be treated as ordinary income to the extent the amount received upon the sale of the loan is for accrued but unpaid interest or original issue discount. Any gain recognized by the Company on the sale or exchange of a loan will generally be treated as a capital gain unless the Company is deemed to be a “dealer” in loans for federal income tax purposes (See “— Property Held Primarily for Sale; Potential Dealer Status” below) or the loan contains features that are subject to special rules, such as market discount. In such case, a portion or all of the entire gain, if any, may constitute ordinary income.
Property Held Primarily for Sale; Potential Dealer Status. The Company has been structured to act as a lender and to make or invest in loans. However, if the Company were at any time deemed for tax purposes to be holding one or more loans primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, any gain or loss realized upon the disposition of those loans would be taxable as ordinary income or loss rather than as capital gain or loss. Furthermore, such income would also result in UBTI to any investors that are tax-exempt entities. Under existing law, whether property is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business must be determined from all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular property and sale in question. The Company holds the loans for investment purposes and makes such occasional dispositions thereof as in the opinion of our managers are consistent with our investment objectives. Accordingly, the Company does not anticipate that it will be treated as a “dealer” with respect to any of its properties. However, there is no assurance that the IRS will not take the contrary position.
Original Issue Discount; Imputed Income. The Company may be subject to the original issue discount (“OID”) rules with respect to interest to be received with respect to certain loans, including, for example, if the interest rate on a loan varies over time according to fixed increases or decreases. If the Company holds loans with OID, the Company will be required to include amounts in taxable income on a current basis even though receipt of such amounts may not occur until a subsequent year. OID therefore could increase the amount of income taxable to the unitholders in a particular period without a corresponding increase in cash distributable to such unitholders. OID is includible in income as it accrues under a constant yield method, resulting in the reporting of interest income generally in increasing amounts each taxable year. The amount of OID recognized by the
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Company with respect to a loan will increase our basis in that loan, and will, to that extent, reduce the amount of income the Company might otherwise recognize upon the receipt of actual payments on, or a disposition of, the loan.
Taxation of Market Discount. The Company may purchase loans at a discount. In such cases, payments of principal may be recharacterized as ordinary income to the extent of any accrued market discount (generally the difference between the amount paid for the loan and the face amount of the loan). Similarly, gain on the sale of such loans may be treated as ordinary income to the extent of any accrued market discount. In the alternative, taxpayers are permitted in some circumstances to include market discount in income as it accrues.
Modification of Debt Instruments. The Company may purchase existing loans as part of its activities and, in some cases, may negotiate changes in the terms of the loans. For tax purposes, modification of the debt may be treated as an exchange of the original debt instrument for a new debt instrument if the modification constitutes a “significant modification” as defined in the Regulations. Gain or loss may be recognized as a result of a significant modification. In addition, the deemed exchange of the old debt instrument for a new debt instrument may have collateral income consequences such as the creation of additional OID.
Limitations on Use of Tax Losses
In the case of unitholders that are individuals, estates, trusts, or certain types of corporations, the ability to utilize any tax losses generated by the Company, or to offset income generated by the Company with losses from other investments, may be limited under the “at risk” limitation in Section 465 of the Code, the passive activity loss limitation in Section 469 of the Code (subject to the discussion below), the limitation of loss pass-through to a unitholder’s outside basis in its Company interest (which applies to all unitholders), and other provisions of the Code and Regulations. Moreover, in the case of unitholders other than corporations, the ability to utilize certain specific items of deduction attributable to the investment activities of the Company (as opposed to its activities that represent a trade or business for federal income tax purposes) may be limited under the investment interest limitation contained in Section 163(d) of the Code, the 2% floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions (including investment expenses but not interest) in Section 67 of the Code, the reduction in itemized deductions (not including investment interest) of high-income individuals by Section 68 of the Code, and other provisions.
Passive Activity Loss Limitations
As discussed above, Section 469 of the Code restricts the deductibility of losses from a “passive activity” against certain income which is not derived from a passive activity. A passive activity generally includes any trade or business activity in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. In general, losses generated by a passive activity will only be allowed to offset income from a passive activity, as distinguished from “portfolio” income and active income. For this purpose, portfolio income generally includes interest, dividends, royalty or annuity income and gain from sales of portfolio assets, for example, property held for investment. However, interest does not constitute portfolio income if it is generated in the ordinary course of a lending business. Instead, any such interest income will ordinarily be treated as passive income to a member who does not materially participate in that lending business.
The Company believes that it is engaged in a lending trade or business. As a result, all or a portion of the income derived by investors from their investment in the Company will be treated as nonpassive income, even though any losses from such investment will likely be treated as passive income.
Company Organization, Syndication Fees and Acquisition Fees
Under Section 709 of the Code, all organization, syndication fees and acquisition fees must be capitalized. Although organization fees and expenses may, at the taxpayer’s election, be amortized for tax purposes, syndication expenses paid by the Company cannot be amortized. Syndication expenses include commissions,
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professional fees and printing costs in marketing sales of interests in the Company, brokerage fees and legal and accounting fees regarding disclosure matters. The Company believes that its expenses associated with this offering of units are syndication expenses that are not amortizable for tax purposes.
Section 754 Election
Pursuant to Section 754 of the Code, the Company may make an election to adjust the basis of its assets in the event of a sale by a unitholder of its interest or upon the occurrence of certain other events. Depending upon the particular facts at the time of any such event, such an election could increase or decrease the value of the interest to the transferee, because the election would increase or decrease the basis of our assets for the purpose of computing the transferee’s distributive share of our income, gains, deductions and losses. Our operating agreement authorizes our board of managers to make such an election. However, because the election, once made, cannot be revoked without obtaining the consent of the IRS, and because of the accounting complexities that can result from having such an election in effect, our board of managers does not presently intend to make this election. The absence of such an election by the Company may make it more difficult for a unitholder to sell their units.
The Code requires partnerships to adjust the basis of their assets in connection with a transfer of an interest in such partnership if there is a “substantial built-in loss” created immediately after the transfer. A substantial built-in loss exists if the adjusted basis in partnership property exceeds the fair market value of such property by more than $250,000. If such basis adjustments are required in connection with the transfer of an interest in the Company, it could impose significant accounting costs and complexities on the Company.
Tax-Exempt Investors
Tax-exempt organizations generally are subject to federal income tax on UBTI. Because the Company expects to use leverage to finance its investments, a substantial portion of the income of the Company will be UBTI under the debt-financed property rules of Section 514 of the Code. Accordingly, tax-exempt investors may recognize UBTI (subject to tax at corporate rates) from investments that are made or acquired by the Company. Our board of managers may (but is not required to) elect to utilize one or more subsidiary entities or structures in order to minimize UBTI. The use of such subsidiary entities or structures does not guarantee that tax-exempt investors will avoid UBTI.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, investments that the board of managers determines to cause the Company to acquire may be the type that generates UBTI. The board of managers of the Company has the right to structure the Company’s acquisition and operation of investments as it deems appropriate in its sole and absolute discretion. The board of managers is not liable for the recognition of any UBTI by a unitholder with respect to an investment in the Company, and potential investors can expect some or all of their profits from the Company to be UBTI. Each unitholder should consult with its own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local and foreign tax considerations applicable to an investment in the Company.
We generally hold our loans for investment. Therefore, subject to the “debt financed property” rules discussed above, no UBTI should generally result from our disposition of these assets. While we conduct the activities of the Company in a manner so as to minimize or eliminate the risk of having the Company classified as a “dealer” for federal income tax purposes, the IRS may assert that we are operating as a “dealer” and this would cause the gain from the disposition of the assets to be considered UBTI.
In computing UBTI each year, a tax-exempt unitholder may deduct a proportionate share of all expenses which are directly connected with the activities generating such income or with the “debt-financed property,” as the case may be, and is also entitled to an annual exclusion of $1,000 with respect to UBTI. The Company is required to report to each unitholder that is an exempt organization information as to the portion of its income and gains from the Company for each year which will be treated as UBTI. The calculation of such amount with
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respect to transactions entered into by the Company is complex, and there is no assurance that our calculation of UBTI will be accepted by the IRS.
In general, if UBTI is allocated to an exempt organization, the portion of our income and gains which is not treated as UBTI will continue to be exempt from tax, as will the organization’s income and gains from other investments which are not treated as UBTI. Therefore, the possibility of realizing UBTI from its investment in the Company generally should not affect the tax-exempt status of such an exempt organization. However, certain exempt organizations are more sensitive to the receipt of UBTI and should not invest in the Company. For example, a charitable remainder trust will not be exempt from federal income tax under Section 664(c) of the Code for any year in which it has UBTI. Also, a title-holding company will not be exempt from tax if it has certain types of UBTI. Moreover, the charitable contribution deduction for a trust under Section 642(c) of the Code may be limited for any year in which the trust has UBTI.
If you are a benefit plan investor or other tax-exempt investor, you are strongly urged to consult your tax adviser with regard to the foregoing UBTI aspects of an investment in the Company. Furthermore, with regard to certain non-tax aspects of an investment in the Company you should consider the ERISA risks discussed in this prospectus.
Tax Audit
Any adjustment of a unitholder’s items pursuant to an IRS audit will generally be determined by a unified administrative proceeding at the Company level. Under our operating agreement, the board of managers is authorized to: (i) enter into any settlement with the IRS with respect to any administrative or judicial proceedings for the adjustment of Company items; (ii) seek judicial review of any adjustment with the United States Tax Court or the United States Claims Court, or the filing of a complaint for refund with the District Court of the United States for the district in which the Company’s principal place of business is located; (iii) enter into an agreement with the IRS to extend the period for assessing any tax; and (iv) take any other action on behalf of the Company in connection with any tax audit or judicial review proceeding to the extent permitted by applicable law.
Adjustments, if any, to partnership items may require the unitholders to file amended tax returns; could result in the imposition of additional taxes, interest charges, and penalties; and could possibly lead to an audit of a unitholder’s own return and to adjustments not related to the Company.
Recent legislation may alter who bears the liability in the event that the Company is audited and an adjustment is assessed. Congress recently revised the rules applicable to federal income tax audits of partnerships and the collection of any tax resulting from any such audits or other tax proceedings, generally effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. Under the new rules, the partnership itself may be liable for a hypothetical increase in partner-level taxes (including interest and penalties) resulting from an adjustment of partnership tax items on audit, regardless of changes in the composition of the partners (or their relative ownership) between the year under audit and the year of the adjustment. The new rules also include an elective alternative method under which the additional taxes resulting from the adjustment are assessed against the affected partners, subject to a higher rate of interest than otherwise would apply. Many questions remain as to how the new rules will apply, and it is not clear at this time what effect this new legislation will have on the Company. However, these changes could increase the federal income tax, interest, and/or penalties otherwise borne by us in the event of a federal income tax audit of the Company (or another partnership in which we may hold a direct or indirect interest).
State and Local Taxes
The foregoing discussion does not address the state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Company, and prospective investors are urged to consult their advisors with respect thereto. It should be noted
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that unitholders may be subject to state and local taxes, and may be required to file returns, in jurisdictions in which the Company may be deemed to be doing business or own property, or in which its income is otherwise sourced. An investment in the Company could subject a unitholder to taxation by such a state on non-partnership income as well. Certain of such states may require the Company to withhold state taxes on partnership income sourced in such state to the extent allocable to nonresidents (which amounts so withheld from a unitholder will be treated as Company distributions to such unitholder). The foregoing taxation may also be in addition to taxation by the unitholder’s state of residence (which may grant a tax credit for taxes paid in other states). Moreover, the Company itself may be subject to entity-level taxation in certain jurisdictions if it owns real estate or is considered to be engaged in business therein.
Withholding Taxes
The board of managers, in its discretion, may withhold and pay any taxes that the board of managers deems payable with respect to any unitholders, as applicable, and any such taxes may be deducted from any distribution otherwise payable to such unitholders. To the extent that the withholding on behalf of a unitholder exceeds the amount that would be distributed to it, such excess will be treated as a demand loan made by the Company to such unitholder that will bear an annual interest rate equal to the prime rate, as published daily by the Wall Street Journal. If a unitholder does not satisfy the demand loan within ten business days after receiving a demand request from the board of managers, such unitholder shall be a Defaulting Member, and the board of managers may exercise any of the remedies available to it with respect to the Defaulting Member.
Special Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors
The tax consequences applicable to prospective investors that are non-U.S. persons generally will depend on whether the Company is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Based on the nature of the investments to be made by the Company, and the nature of the activities contemplated by the Company, the board of managers believes that the Company will be deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. As a result, a non-U.S. investor would be subject to federal income tax each year on its distributive share of the taxable income of the Company that is deemed to be “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business, and would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return, as if such investor were a U.S. citizen or resident, regardless of whether the Company makes any cash distributions. A 35% federal withholding tax generally will be imposed on a non-U.S. unitholder’s allocable share of any taxable income of the Company that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (whether or not such income is distributed). Such withholding tax may be claimed as a credit against such unitholder’s substantive U.S. tax liability. There also may be state or local tax withholding. Prospective investors that are non-U.S. corporations also should be aware that the 30% U.S. “branch profits tax” (and potentially a “branch-level interest tax”) imposed by Section 884 of the Code may apply to an investment in the Company by a unitholder that is a non-U.S. corporation, although the tax rate may be reduced or the tax eliminated entirely for qualified residents of certain non-U.S. countries having tax treaties with the U.S. To the extent that the Company realizes any fixed, determinable, annual or periodical income (such as interest and dividend income) that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, such income distributed or allocable to a non-U.S. investor generally will be subject to a 30% federal withholding tax. Such withholding tax may be reduced or eliminated with respect to certain types of such income under any applicable income tax treaty between the U.S. and the non-U.S. unitholder’s country of residence or under the “portfolio interest” rules contained in Section 871 or 881 of the Code, provided that the non-U.S. unitholder provides proper certification as to his or her eligibility for such treatment. Any non-U.S. unitholder that is a governmental entity qualifying under Code Section 892 may be exempt from the 30% withholding tax that is generally applicable to any fixed, determinable, annual or periodical investment income distributed or allocable to a non-U.S. investor. All unitholders generally will be personally liable to the Company with respect to any withholding tax not satisfied out of their share of any distributions by the Company (plus interest if not repaid on demand).
A non-U.S. individual who directly invests (without the use of a “blocker” entity) in the Company would also (i) be subject to U.S. (and potentially state) estate tax with respect to the value of his or her interest in the Company and (ii) have to file state tax returns in states in which the Company and its subsidiaries do business.
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Non-U.S. unitholders (like other unitholders) are required to make their capital contributions to the Company in which they invest in U.S. dollars, and any cash distributions made by such Company are made in U.S. dollars. Profits or losses realized by non-U.S. unitholders on the conversion of other currencies into U.S. dollars, if any, or of U.S. dollars into other currencies, are not reflected in the unitholders’ capital accounts and will not affect the amounts distributable by the Company to non-U.S. unitholders.
Other Matters
Basis for Description of Tax Consequences. The description of U.S. tax consequences set forth above is based on the provisions of our operating agreement, existing provisions of the Code, existing and proposed Regulations, existing administrative interpretations and court decisions, and certain assumptions. Future legislation, Regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly change the treatment of an investment in the Company. Any such change could have retroactive application and therefore could apply to transactions that have taken place before such change occurs. In addition, some of the issues discussed above have not been addressed by administrative authorities or resolved by the courts. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the tax treatment of certain matters discussed herein or, if it does, that it will not be successful. No rulings have been or will be requested from the IRS. Furthermore, any changes in our operating agreement or the operations of the Company could affect the tax consequences described above.
Consultation with Advisors. The description of U.S. tax matters set forth above is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. It does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to investors in the Company, and does not address any of the foreign, state, local, estate or other tax consequences of such investment to any investor, except as otherwise specifically provided. Each prospective investor in the Company is solely responsible for all tax consequences to that person or entity of an investment in the Company. Each prospective investor is advised to consult its tax counsel as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences attributable to acquiring, holding and disposing of an interest in the Company and as to applicable state, local, estate, foreign and other taxes. The effect of existing U.S. income tax laws and treaties, the tax laws of other jurisdictions to which an investor may be subject, and possible changes in such laws and treaties (including proposed changes which have not yet been adopted) will vary with the particular circumstances of each investor.
Withholding — Deemed Distributions. Any federal, state or local tax withholding by the Company with respect to a unitholder will be treated as a distribution to the unitholder by the Company for all purposes (and then as a payment of the tax by the Company as agent for such unitholder).
Other Taxation. Income or gains from investments held by the Company may be subject to withholding taxes or other taxes in jurisdictions other than the U.S., subject to the possibility of reduction under applicable tax treaties.
FATCA. Investors that invest in the Company through an account maintained at a non-U.S. financial institution should be aware that the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), provides that a 30% withholding tax will be imposed on certain payments made to a foreign entity if such entity fails to satisfy certain disclosure and reporting rules. Such potentially “withholdable payments” under FATCA include certain interest, dividends, rents, and other gains or income from U.S. sources, but exclude income derived from an active trade or business. FATCA generally requires that (i) in the case of an investor that is foreign financial institution (defined broadly to include a hedge fund, a private equity fund, a mutual fund, a securitization vehicle or other investment vehicle), the entity identifies and provides information in respect of financial accounts with such entity held (directly or indirectly) by U.S. persons and U.S.-owned foreign entities and (ii) in the case of an investor that is a non-financial foreign entity, the entity identifies and provides information in respect of substantial U.S. owners of such entity.
The FATCA withholding rules will be implemented in a phased approach. The rules with respect to withholding on interest, dividends, rents, and other fixed or determinable income from U.S. sources are currently
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effective , and the rules with respect to withholding on the proceeds of the sale of certain assets producing income from sources within the U.S. will be effective after December 31, 2018. The United States Treasury has signed intergovernmental agreements with other countries to implement the exchange of information required under FATCA. Investors that invest in the Company through an account maintained at a non-U.S. financial institution are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the potential application and impact of FATCA and any intergovernmental agreement between the United States and their home jurisdiction in connection with FATCA compliance.
Foreign Income Taxes
The Company may conduct its activities in foreign jurisdictions and, in conjunction therewith, form one or more subsidiaries to conduct such activities. The conduct of activities in foreign jurisdictions (whether or not foreign subsidiaries are formed to conduct such activities) may result in the Company or its subsidiaries being subject to tax in such foreign jurisdictions. Taxes paid by the Company in such foreign jurisdictions will reduce the cash available to distribution to the unitholders. However, because we are taxable as partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, certain foreign income taxes paid by the Company may generate a foreign tax credit that will be allocated to each unitholder, which may be used to reduce, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the tax liability of such unitholder. The U.S. federal income tax treatment and reporting of foreign tax credits is complex and unitholders are urged to consult their tax advisor with respect to such items.
THE FOREGOING DISCUSSION SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED TO DESCRIBE FULLY THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMPANY. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE STRONGLY ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE COMPANY.
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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
ERISA Considerations for an Initial Investment
The following is a summary of material considerations arising under the ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Code that may be relevant to prospective investors. This discussion does not purport to deal with all aspects of ERISA or the Code that may be relevant to particular investors in light of their particular circumstances.
A prospective investor that is an employee benefit plan subject to ERISA, a tax-qualified retirement plan, an IRA, or a governmental, church, or other benefit plan that is exempt from ERISA (each, a “Plan”) is advised to consult its own legal advisor regarding the specific considerations arising under applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code, and state law with respect to the purchase, ownership, or sale of the units by such plan or IRA.
A fiduciary of a Plan subject to ERISA should consider the fiduciary standards under ERISA in the context of the Plan’s particular circumstances before authorizing an investment of a portion of such Plan’s assets in our units. In particular, the fiduciary should consider:
| • | | whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(c) of ERISA; |
| • | | whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan as required by Section 404(a)(1)(D) of ERISA; |
| • | | whether the investment is for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits to participants in the Plan and their beneficiaries, or defraying reasonable administrative expenses of the Plan; |
| • | | whether the investment is prudent under ERISA; |
| • | | the liquidity needs of the Plan, and the fact that the units are not readily marketable; and |
| • | | the fact that the income of the Company may be subject to the tax on UTBI (see “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations — Tax-Exempt Investors”) |
In addition to the general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification, specific provisions of ERISA and the Code prohibit a wide range of transactions involving the assets of a Plan and transactions with persons who have specified relationships to the Plan. Such persons are referred to as “parties in interest” in ERISA and as “disqualified persons” in the Code. Thus, a fiduciary of a Plan considering an investment in our units should also consider whether acquiring or continuing to hold our units, either directly or indirectly, might constitute a prohibited transaction. An excise tax may be imposed on any party in interest or disqualified person who participates in a prohibited transaction. The tax exempt status of an IRA will be lost if the IRA enters into a prohibited transaction.
Each fiduciary of an investing Plan must independently determine whether such investment constitutes a prohibited transaction with respect to that Plan. The prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and the Code apply to transactions with a Plan and also to transactions with the “plan assets” of the Plan. Section 3(42) of ERISA generally provides that “plan assets” means plan assets as defined in regulations issued by the Department of Labor. Under these regulations, if a Plan acquires an equity interest that is neither a “publicly-offered security” nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, then for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions under ERISA and the Code, the assets of the Plan would include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the entity’s underlying assets, unless an exemption applies.
These regulations define a publicly-offered security as a security that is “widely held,” “freely transferable,” and either part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, or sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, provided the securities are registered
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under the Exchange Act within 120 days (or such later time as may be allowed by the SEC) after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering occurred. The units are being sold in an offering registered under the Securities Act, and will be registered within the relevant time provided under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act.
The regulations also provide that a security is “widely held” only if it is part of a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and of one another. The regulations further provide that whether a security is “freely transferable” is a factual question to be determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances. The regulations also provide that when a security is part of an offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less, as is the case with this offering, the existence of certain restrictions on transferability intended to prohibit transfers which would result in a termination or reclassification of the entity for state or federal tax purposes will not ordinarily affect the determination that such securities are freely transferable.
Our units are subject to certain restrictions on transferability intended to ensure that we continue to qualify as a “partnership” for federal income tax purposes and that the Company would not be taxable as a “publicly-traded partnership.” We believe that the restrictions imposed under our operating agreement on the transfer of units are limited to the restrictions on transfer generally permitted under these regulations, and are not likely to result in the failure of our units to be “freely transferable.”
We believe our units are “widely held” and “freely transferable” as described above and, accordingly, that the units offered hereby should be deemed to be publicly-offered securities for the purposes of the Department of Labor regulations and that our assets should not be deemed to be “plan assets” of any Plan that invests in our units. Nonetheless, we cannot assure you that the Department of Labor and/or the U.S. Treasury Department could not reach a contrary conclusion.
Annual Valuations
Fiduciaries of Plans are required to determine annually the fair market value of the assets of such Plans, typically, as of the close of a Plan’s fiscal year. To enable the fiduciaries of Plans subject to the annual reporting requirements of ERISA or the Code to prepare reports relating to an investment in the Company, our managers are required to furnish an annual statement of estimated unit value to the members. Prior to the termination of this offering, the annual statement will report the estimated value of each unit based on the then current offering price of the units. In addition, we will provide such fiduciaries with information concerning most recent quarterly valuation of the Company’s investment portfolio. After the termination of the offering, the annual report will report the estimated value of each unit based on the quarterly valuation of the Company’s investment portfolio.
The estimated value per unit is reported to our unitholders in our annual or quarterly report on Form 10-K or 10-Q sent to the unitholders for the period immediately following completion of the valuation process. There can be no assurance that the estimated value per unit will actually be realized by us or by the unitholders upon liquidation in part because estimates do not necessarily indicate the price at which our assets could be sold. Unitholders may not be able to realize estimated net asset value if they were to attempt to sell their units, because no public market for units exists or is likely to develop.
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SUPPLEMENTAL SALES MATERIAL
In addition to this prospectus, we may use supplemental sales materials in connection with the offering of the units, but only when accompanied or preceded by the delivery of this prospectus. The supplemental sales material may include brochures, articles, representations or other material containing information about this offering, our Advisor, the sub-advisors, the historical activity of senior management, impact lending, developing economies and investing in general. Certain information may be on our website or provided by electronic media. Some or all of our supplemental materials may not be available in certain jurisdictions.
We are offering units solely through this prospectus. While the information contained in any supplemental sales materials will not conflict with information contained herein, the supplemental sales materials should not be considered complete or definitive, and should not be considered part of or in any way incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the units offered under this prospectus has been passed upon for us by Greenberg Traurig, LLP.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, have been audited by Moss Adams LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein in reliance on the report of such firm given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
In this prospectus, we “incorporate by reference” certain information we filed with the SEC, which means that we may disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents that we have previously filed with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, except for any document or portion thereof deemed to be “furnished” and not filed in accordance with SEC rules:
| • | | Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed March 30, 2016. |
The information contained in this prospectus should be read together with the information in the documents incorporated by reference.
You can obtain any of the documents incorporated by reference in this document from us, or from the SEC through the SEC’s website at the addresswww.sec.gov. Documents incorporated by reference are available from us without charge, excluding any exhibits to those documents, unless the exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this document. You can obtain documents incorporated by reference in this document, at no cost, by requesting them in writing or by telephone from us at the following address or telephone number or at our website atwww.trilincglobalimpactfund.com:
TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC
1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605,
Manhattan Beach, California 90266
Attn: Investor Relations
Tel. No: (310) 997-0580
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AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act on Form S-1 regarding this offering. This prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits related thereto filed with the SEC, reference to which is hereby made.
We are subject to the informational reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and, under the Act, we will file with or submit to the SEC annual, quarterly and current reports and other information meeting the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. You may inspect and copy these reports and other information, as well as the registration statement and related exhibits and schedules, at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information filed electronically by us with the SEC. The address of this website ishttp://www.sec.gov. All summaries contained herein of documents which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement are qualified in their entirety by this reference to those exhibits. Copies of these reports and other information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549
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APPENDIX A
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT
OF
TRILINC GLOBAL IMPACT FUND, LLC
A Delaware Limited Liability Company
THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) of TRILINC GLOBAL IMPACT FUND, LLC (the “Company”) is made and entered into as of the 28th of March, 2016, by TRILINC ADVISORS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Initial Member”).
* * *
ARTICLE I
ORGANIZATION
TheCompany has been organized as a Delaware limited liability company by filing its Certificate with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 30, 2012, pursuant to and in accordance with the Act.
ARTICLE II
NAME AND CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Section 2.1.Name. The name of the Company is “TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC”. The Board of Managers of the Company (the “Board of Managers”) may determine that the Company may use any other designation or name for the Company.
Section 2.2.Certain Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth below shall have the following respective meanings:
“Act” means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C. §§ 18-101 et. seq., as the same may be amended from time to time. All references herein to sections of the Act shall include any corresponding provisions of succeeding law.
“Acquisition Expenses” means expenses, including but not limited to legal fees and expenses, travel and communication expenses, costs of appraisals, non-refundable option payments on assets not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, and miscellaneous expenses relating to the purchase or acquisition of assets, whether or not acquired.
“Acquisition Fee” means the total of all fees and commissions paid by any party to any party other than to the Company, in connection with the initial purchase or acquisition of assets by the Company. Included in the computation of such fees or commissions shall be any commission, selection fee, supervision fee, financing fee, non-recurring management fee or any fee of a similar nature, however designated.
“Adjusted Capital Account” means, with respect to any Member for any taxable year or other period, the balance, if any, in such Member’s Capital Account as of the end of such year or other period, after giving effect to the following adjustments:
(a) Credit to such Capital Account any amounts that such Member is obligated to restore or is deemed obligated to restore as described in the penultimate sentence of the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(g)(1) and Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(5); and
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(b) Debit to such Capital Account the items described in the Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5), and (6).
The foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Treasury Regulations to the extent relevant thereto and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
“Adjusted Capital Account Deficit” means, with respect to any Member for any taxable year or other period, the deficit Adjusted Capital Account balance, if any, of such Member as of the end of such year or other period.
“Administrator” means the official or agency administering the securities laws of a state, province, or commonwealth.
“Advisor” or “Advisors” means the Person or Persons, if any, appointed, employed or contracted with by the Company pursuant to Article XIV hereof and responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of the Company, including any Person to whom the Advisor subcontracts substantially all of such functions.
“Advisory Agreement” is defined in Section 14.2.
“Affiliate” means (A) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling, or holding, with power to vote, ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person, (B) any Person ten percent (10%) or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person, (C) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other Person, (D) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other person, or (E) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.
“Affiliated Person” means the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Manager or any Affiliate of the foregoing.
“Assessment” means additional amounts of capital which may be mandatorily required of, or paid voluntarily by, a Member beyond his or her subscription commitment excluding deferred payments.
“Agreement” is defined in the preamble.
“Asset” means any investments (other than investments in bank accounts, money market funds or other current assets) owned by the Company, directly or indirectly.
“Benefit Plan Investor” means a Member who is subject to ERISA or to the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Code.
“Board of Managers” is defined in Section 2.1.
“Book Value” means, with respect to any Company property, the Company’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, adjusted from time to time to reflect the adjustments required or permitted by Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-l(b)(2)(iv)(d)-(g).
“Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
“Capital Account” is defined in Section 8.2.
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“Capital Contributions” means the total investment, including the original investment and amounts reinvested pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan, by a Member or by all Members, as the case may be.
“Cash Available for Distribution” means Cash Flow plus cash funds available from distribution from the Company reserves less amounts set aside for restoration or creation of reserves.
“Cash Flow” means cash funds provided from operations, without deduction for depreciation, but after deducting cash funds used to pay all other expenses, debt payments, capital improvements and replacements. Cash withdrawn from reserves shall not be included in Cash Flow.
“Certificate” means the Certificate of Formation of the Company and any and all amendments thereto and restatements thereof filed on behalf of the Company with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to the Act.
“Class” means any of Class A, Class C, Class I Units or any other class of Units that the Board of Managers may authorize from time to time pursuant to this Agreement.
“Class A Units” is defined in Section 7.1.
“Class C Units” is defined in Section 7.1.
“Class I Units” is defined in Section 7.1.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute.
“Commencement of the Initial Public Offering” means the date that the Securities and Exchange Commission declares effective the registration statement filed under the Securities Act for the Initial Public Offering.
“Company” is defined in the preamble.
“Company Minimum Gain” means “partnership minimum gain” as defined in the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(2) and as computed in accordance with the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(d).
“Company NAV” means the net fair market value of all of the Company’s assets, including investments in bank accounts, money market funds or other current assets, as determined by the Board of Managers from time to time pursuant to this Agreement.
“Dealer Manager” means SC Distributors, LLC, an Affiliate of the Advisor, or such other Person or entity selected by the Board of Managers to act as the dealer manager for the offering of the Units. SC Distributors, LLC is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
“Distribution Fee” is defined in Section 7.1(b)
“Distributions” means any distributions of money or other property by the Company to owners of Units, including distributions of Cash Available for Distributions, distributions of cash from capital events and distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.
“Economic Interest” means a Person’s right to share in the income, gains, losses, deductions, credits, or similar items of the Company, and to receive Distributions from the Company, but excluding any other rights of a Member, including the right to vote or to participate in management, or, except as may be provided in the Act, any right to information concerning the business and affairs of the Company.
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“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.
“Front End Fees” means all fees and expenses paid by any party for any services rendered to organize the Company and to acquire assets for the Company, including Organization and Offering Expenses, Acquisition Fees, Acquisition Expenses, and any other similar fees, however designated by the Advisor or the Sponsor.
“Gross Proceeds” means the aggregate purchase price of all Units sold for the account of the Company, without deduction for Selling Commissions, volume discounts, any marketing support and due diligence expense reimbursement, fees paid to the Dealer Manager or other Organization and Offering Expenses. For the purposes of computing Gross Proceeds, the purchase price of any Unit for which reduced Selling Commissions are paid to the Dealer Manager or a Soliciting Dealer (where net proceeds to the Company are not reduced) shall be deemed to be the full amount of the offering price per Unit pursuant to the Prospectus for such Offering without reduction.
“Indemnitee” is defined in Section 17.2(b).
“Independent Expert” means a Person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Advisor or the Sponsor who is engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of assets of the type held by the Company, and who is qualified to perform such work.
“Independent Manager” means a Manager who is not, and within the last two (2) years has not been, directly or indirectly associated with the Advisor or Sponsor by virtue of (i) ownership of an interest in the Advisor or Sponsor or their Affiliates, other than any compensation received for being a manager or director of the Company or of up to two (2) other funds described in subsection (iii) below, (ii) employment by the Advisor or Sponsor or their Affiliates, (iii) service as an officer, director or manager of the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than as a manager or director for the Company and up to two (2) other funds organized by the Sponsor or advised by the Advisor with securities registered under the federal securities laws, (iv) performance of services, other than as a Manager, or (v) maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with the Advisor or Sponsor or any of their Affiliates. An indirect association with the Advisor or Sponsor shall include circumstances in which a Manager’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- or fathers-in-law, sons- or daughters-in-law or brothers- or sisters-in-law is or has been associated with the Advisor or Sponsor or any of their Affiliates or the Company. A business or professional relationship is considered “material” if the prospective Independent Manager received more than five percent (5%) of his annual gross income in the last two (2) years from the Sponsor, the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Sponsor or the Advisor, or if more than five percent (5%) of his Net Worth, on a fair market value basis, has come from the Sponsor, the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Sponsor or the Advisor.
“Initial Public Offering” means the first Offering pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act.
“Investment in Company Assets” means the amount of capital contributions actually paid or allocated to the origination or purchase of assets by the Company (including working capital reserves allocable thereto, except that working capital reserves in excess of three percent (3%) shall not be included) and other cash payments such as interest and taxes, but excluding Front End Fees.
“Joint Ventures” means those joint venture or partnership arrangements in which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a co-venturer or general partner in an entity established to acquire or hold Assets.
“Listing” means the listing of the Units on a national securities exchange. Upon such Listing, the Units shall be deemed Listed.
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“Loss” for any period means all items of Company loss, deduction and expense for such period determined according to Section 8.3.
“Majority of the Members” means Members holding more than fifty percent (50%) of the total outstanding Percentage Interests of the Company as of a particular date (or if no date is specified, the first day of the then current calendar month).
“Manager” is defined in Section 5.3(a).
“Members List” is defined in Section 13.2(a).
“Members” means the holders of record of Units.
“Member Nonrecourse Debt” means “partner nonrecourse debt” as defined in the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4).
“Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain” means an amount, with respect to each Member Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Company Minimum Gain that would result if such Member Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).
“Member Nonrecourse Deductions” means “partnership nonrecourse deductions” as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(1) and as computed in accordance with the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).
For any taxable year or other period, the amount of Member Nonrecourse Deductions with respect to a Member Nonrecourse Debt equals the excess, if any, of the net increase, if any, in the amount of the Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt over the aggregate amount of any distributions during such year to the Member that bears the economic risk of loss for such Member Nonrecourse Debt to the extent such distributions are from proceeds of such Member Nonrecourse Debt and are allocable to an increase in Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, determined according to the provisions of the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).
“Membership Interest” means a Member’s rights in one or more Units at any particular time, including the Member’s Economic Interest in the Company, any right to vote or participate in management of the Company and any right to information concerning the business and affairs of the Company provided by this Agreement or the Act.
“Minimum Offering” means the receipt and acceptance by the Managers of subscriptions for Units aggregating at least two million dollars ($2,000,000) in Offering proceeds.
“Minimum Offering Expiration Date” means the one (1) year anniversary of the date of the Prospectus.
“NASAA Omnibus Guidelines” means the NASAA Omnibus Guidelines adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc., on March 29, 1992, as amended on May 7, 2007.
“Net Cash Distribution” is defined in Section 9.2(a)(iv).
“Net Worth” means the excess of total assets over total liabilities as determined by generally accepted accounting principles.
“Non-Compliant Tender Offer” is defined in Section 11.5.
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“Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1). The amount of Nonrecourse Deductions for a given period equals the excess, if any, of the net increase, if any, in the amount of Company Minimum Gain during such period, over the aggregate amount of any distributions during such period of proceeds of a Nonrecourse Liability that are allocable to an increase in Company Minimum Gain, determined according to the provisions of the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(c).
“Nonrecourse Liability” has the meaning set forth in the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(3).
“Offering” means any offering and sale of Units, including pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan.
“Organization and Offering Expenses” means all costs and expenses incurred by and to be paid by the Company in connection with the formation of the Company and the qualification and registration of an Offering, including, but not limited to, total underwriting compensation, legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees, charges of the escrow holder and transfer agent, charges of the Advisor for administrative services related to the issuance of Units in the Offering, reimbursement of bona fide due diligence expenses of broker-dealers, reimbursement of the Advisor for costs in connection with preparing sales materials and the expenses of qualification and sale of the Units under federal and state laws.
“Percentage Interest” means, unless specifically provided otherwise, the percentage ownership interest of any Member determined at any time by dividing a Member’s current Units by the total outstanding Units of all Members. If specifically provided otherwise, the determination of a member’s Percentage Interest may be made on a Class-by-Class basis by dividing a Member’s current Units by the total outstanding Units in a given Class of all Members in that Class. For the avoidance of doubt, the Percentage Interest referred to in Section 9.2(b)(ii) shall be made on a Class-by-Class basis.
“Person” means any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, trust or other legal entity.
“Profit” for any period means all items of Company income and gain for such period determined according to Section 8.3.
“Program” means a limited or general partnership, joint venture, unincorporated association or similar organization other than a corporation formed and operated for the primary purpose of investment in and the operation of or gain from and interest in the assets to be acquired by such entity.
“Prospectus” means the same as that term is defined in Section 2(10) of the Securities Act, including a preliminary prospectus, an offering circular as described in Rule 256 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act, or, in the case of an intrastate offering, any document by whatever name known, utilized for the purpose of offering and selling Securities to the public.
“Regulatory Allocations” is defined in Section 9.5.
“Reinvestment Plan” is defined in Section 7.11.
“Relative NAV” means the Company NAV multiplied by the percentage obtained by dividing the current issued and outstanding Units within each of Class A Units, Class C Units and Class I Units by the total issued and outstanding Units of all Members.
“Roll-Up Entity” means a partnership, corporation, trust or similar entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed Roll-Up Transaction.
“ Roll-up Transaction” means a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion, or consolidation, directly or indirectly, of the Company and the issuance of securities of a Roll-Up Entity. Such term does not
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include: (i) a transaction involving securities of the Company that have been listed on a national securities exchange or that are traded through the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation for at least 12 months, or (ii) a transaction involving the conversion to a corporation, partnership, trust, or association form of only the Company if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in the voting rights of the holders of the Units, the term of existence of the Company, compensation to the Advisor or Sponsor or the investment objectives of the Company.
“Securities” means Units, stock, membership interests or other evidences of equity or beneficial or other interests, voting trust certificates, bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, secured or unsecured, convertible, subordinated or otherwise, or in general any instruments commonly known as “securities” or any certificates of interest, stock or participations in, temporary or interim certificates for, receipts for, guarantees of, or warrants, options or rights to subscribe to, purchase or acquire, any of the foregoing.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Selling Commissions” means any and all commissions payable to underwriters, dealer managers or other Soliciting Dealers in connection with the sale of Units, including, without limitation, commissions payable to the Dealer Manager.
“Soliciting Dealers” means those broker-dealers that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or that are exempt from broker-dealer registration, and that, in either case, enter into participating broker or other selling agreements with the Dealer Manager to sell Units.
“Sponsor” means any Person directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, the Company or any Person who will control, manage or participate in the management of the Company, and any Affiliate of such Person. Sponsor does not include wholly independent third parties, including attorneys, sub-advisors, accountants and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services. A Person may also be deemed a Sponsor of the Company by:
(a) taking the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the business or enterprise of the Company, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other Persons;
(b) receiving a material participation in the Company in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of the Company, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property;
(c) having a substantial number of relationships and contacts with the Company;
(d) possessing significant rights to control Company properties;
(e) receiving fees for providing services to the Company which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the Company’s industry; or
(f) providing goods or services to the Company on a basis which was not negotiated at arm’s length with the Company.
“Subscription Agreement” means the document that a Person who buys Units of the Company must execute and deliver with full payment for the Units and which, among other provisions, contains the written consent of each Member to the adoption of this Agreement.
“Treasury Regulations” means the Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code.
“Units” is defined in Section 7.1.
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ARTICLE III
POWERS AND PURPOSE
Section 3.1.Purpose. The purposes and powers of the Company shall be to engage in any lawful business or activity that may be engaged in by a limited liability company formed under the Act, as such businesses or other activities may be determined by the Board of Managers from time to time.
Section 3.2.No State Law Partnership. The Company is a Delaware limited liability company that will be treated as a partnership only for federal income tax purposes, and if applicable, state tax purposes, and no Member shall be deemed to be a partner or joint venturer of any other Member, for any purposes other than federal income tax purposes and, if applicable, state tax purposes, and this Agreement shall not be construed to suggest otherwise. The Members intend that the Company shall be treated as a partnership for federal and, if applicable, state income tax purposes, and each Member and the Company shall file all tax returns and shall otherwise take all tax and financial reporting positions in a manner consistent with such treatment.
Section 3.3.Authority. (a) By executing the Subscription Agreement and subscribing for Units, each Member hereby agrees to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and any amendments or supplements thereto or cancellations thereof and authorizes the Company to make all filings of any and all certificates, instruments, agreements or other documents, whether related to this Agreement or otherwise, as may be required or advisable under the laws of the State of Delaware. Each Member hereby agrees to execute and deliver to the Managers within five (5) days after receipt of the Managers’ written request therefore, such other and further statements of interest and holdings, designations, and further statements of interest and holdings, designations, powers of attorney and other instruments that the Managers deem necessary to comply with any laws, rules or regulations relating to the Company’s activities.
ARTICLE IV
RESIDENT AGENT AND PRINCIPAL OFFICE
The name of the registered agent of the Company in the State of Delaware is The Corporation Trust Company, whose address is 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. The registered agent is a Delaware corporation. The address of the principal office of the Company is 1230 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266. The Company may have such other offices or places of business as the Board of Managers may from time to time determine.
ARTICLE V
BOARD OF MANAGERS
Section 5.1.Powers.
(a) Subject to the delegation of rights and powers as provided for herein, the Board of Managers shall have the sole right to manage the business of the Company and shall have all powers and rights necessary, appropriate or advisable to effectuate and carry out the purposes and business of the Company. No Member, by reason of its status as such, shall have any authority to act for or bind the Company but shall have only the right to vote on or approve the actions specified herein or in the Act to be voted on or approved by the Members. At any time that there is only one Member, any and all action provided for herein to be taken or approved by the Members shall be taken or approved by the sole Member.
(b) The Company shall have such officers as are provided for in Article VI. The Board of Managers may appoint, employ, or otherwise contract with such other persons or entities for the transaction of the business of the Company or the performance of services for or on behalf of the Company as it shall determine in its sole discretion. The Board of Managers may delegate to any officer of the Company or to any such other person or entity such authority to act on behalf of the Company as the Board of Managers may from time to time deem appropriate in its sole discretion.
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(c) Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Managers, when the taking of such action has been authorized by the Board of Managers, any Manager or officer of the Company, or any other person specifically authorized by the Board of Managers, may execute any contract or other agreement or document on behalf of the Company and may execute on behalf of the Company and file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware any certificates or filings provided for in the Act.
Section 5.2.Limitation on Powers of the Managers. Without the affirmative vote or consent of the Majority of the Members, the Board of Managers shall not:
(a) amend this Agreement, except for amendments which do not adversely affect the rights of the Members, subject to Article XVIII.
(b) sell all or substantially all of the Company’s Assets other than in the ordinary course of the business of the Company, or
(c) cause a merger in which the Company is not the surviving entity or other reorganization;provided that the Board of Managers, upon advice of counsel, may restructure the Company (including the creation or liquidation of subsidiary entities) and / or enter into any agreements the Board of Managers deems necessary, without the prior approval of the Members, if such activities are reasonably determined by the Board of Managers, in its sole discretion, to avoid the characterization under the Code of the Company as a publicly traded partnership that is taxable as a corporation.
Section 5.3.Number and Classification.
(a) The Board of Managers has five (5) members (the “Managers”). The number of Managers may be increased or decreased from time to time by the Board of Managers;provided, however, that upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the total number of Managers shall be five (5) and shall never be fewer than three (3) nor more than ten (10).
(b) The name and address of the Managers who shall serve on the Board of Managers are:
| | |
Name | | Address |
Gloria S. Nelund | | c/o 1230 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266 |
| |
Brent VanNorman | | c/o 1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266 |
| |
Terry Otton | | c/o 1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266 |
| |
Cynthia Hostetler | | c/o 1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266 |
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R. Michael Barth | | c/o 1230 Rosecrans Ave, Suite 605, Manhattan Beach, California 90266 |
(c) The Managers may increase the number of Managers and fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of Managers or otherwise, on the Board of Managers. Any and all vacancies on the Board of Managers may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Managers in office, even if the remaining Managers do not constitute a quorum, or by the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the Members in accordance with Section 11.1. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the
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Independent Managers who remain on the Board of Managers shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Managers’ positions.
(d) Upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, a majority of the Board of Managers will be Independent Managers except for a period of sixty (60) days after the death, removal or resignation of an Independent Manager. Any vacancies will be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Managers, though less than a quorum. No reduction in the number of Managers shall cause the removal of any Manager from office prior to the expiration of his term.
Section 5.4.Committees. The Managers may establish such committees as they deem appropriate, and may delegate to such committees such powers as the Managers deem appropriate, in their discretion,provided that at least a majority of the members of each committee are Independent Managers.
Section 5.5.Audit Committee. The Audit Committee of the Board of Managers shall consist solely of Independent Managers, at least one of whom will be deemed an “audit committee financial expert” in accordance with the applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Audit Committee shall assist the Board of Managers in overseeing the following: (i) accounting and financial reporting policies; (ii) the integrity and audits of the Company’s financial information; (iii) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iv) any quarterly valuations of the Company’s investment portfolio; and (v) the performance of the Company’s risk management function and independent auditors. The Audit Committee shall select the independent public accountants to audit the Company’s annual financial statements, review with the independent public accountants the plans and results of the audit engagement, and consider and approve the audit and non-audit services provided by the independent public accountants. The Audit Committee may retain its own legal, accounting or other advisors.
Section 5.6.Corporate Governance and Conflicts Committee. The Corporate Governance and Conflicts Committee of the Board of Managers shall consist solely of Independent Managers. The Corporate Governance and Conflicts Committee may review and pass on corporate governance issues and any conflict-of-interest issues. The Corporate Governance and Conflicts Committee may retain its own legal or financial advisors.
Section 5.7.Fiduciary Obligations. The Managers serve in a fiduciary capacity to the Company and have a fiduciary duty to the Members, including, a specific fiduciary duty to supervise the relationship of the Company with the Advisor. The Managers shall have a fiduciary responsibility for the safekeeping and use of all funds and Assets of the Company and shall not employ or permit another to employ such funds or Assets in any manner except for the exclusive benefit of the Company.
Section 5.8.Resignation or Removal.
(a) Any Manager may resign by written notice to the Board of Managers, effective upon execution and delivery to the Company of such written notice or upon any future date specified in the notice. Any Manager, or the entire Board of Managers, may be removed from office at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a Majority of the Members (excluding any Units or Percentage Interest of any affiliated Manager being removed) without the necessity for concurrence by the Managers.
(b) Any Manager may be removed, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Managers (excluding the Manager being removed), for “Cause.” The following, as determined by the remaining Managers in their reasonable judgment, shall constitute “Cause” for such removal:
(i) Such Manager’s conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to any crime constituting a felony in the jurisdiction involved;
(ii) Such Manager’s willful failure or refusal materially to perform his or her duties and responsibilities as a Manager, as set forth in this Agreement;
(iii) Such Manager commits an act of fraud, misappropriation of funds of the Company, embezzlement or intentional dishonesty in connection with his or her functions as a Manager; and
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(iv) Such Manager engages in any drug, alcohol or other substance abuse, or any other act or course of conduct involving moral turpitude that is materially injurious to the business or reputation of the Company or any of its Affiliates.
Section 5.9.Approval by Independent Managers. A majority of Independent Managers must approve all applicable matters as specified in Sections 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5 and 16.6.
Section 5.10.Certain Determinations by Board of Managers. The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Managers consistent with this Agreement, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Company and every holder of Units: the amount of the net income for any period and the amount of Assets at any time legally available for the payment of distributions or redemption of Units, the amount of net assets, annual or other cash flow, funds from operations or net profit; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of Units; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any Asset owned or held by the Company or any Units; the number of Units of any class of the Company; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any Assets by the Company; any conflict between the Act and the provisions set forth in the NASAA Omnibus Guidelines; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Company or required or permitted by applicable law, this Agreement or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Managers;provided, however, that any determination by the Board of Managers as to any of the preceding matters shall not render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination and no Manager shall be liable for making or failing to make such a determination; andprovided, further, that to the extent the Board determines that the Act conflicts with the provisions set forth in the NASAA Omnibus Guidelines, the NASAA Omnibus Guidelines control to the extent any provisions of the Act are not mandatory.
Section 5.11.Place of Meetings and Meetings by Telephone. All meetings of the Managers may be held at any place that has been designated from time to time by resolution of the Managers. In the absence of such a designation, regular meetings shall be held at the principal place of business of the Company. Any meeting, regular or special, may be held by conference telephone or similar communication equipment so long as all Managers participating in the meeting can hear one another, and all Managers participating by telephone or similar communication equipment shall be deemed to be present in person at the meeting.
Section 5.12.Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Managers shall be held at such times and at such places as shall be fixed by unanimous approval of the Managers. Such regular meetings may be held without notice.
Section 5.13.Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Managers for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by any Manager or by the Chief Executive Officer or the President. Notice of the time and place of a special meeting shall be delivered personally or by telephone to each Manager and sent by first-class mail, by telegram or telecopy (or similar electronic means) or by nationally recognized overnight courier, charges prepaid, addressed to each Manager at that Manager’s address as it is shown on the records of the Company. In case the notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least five (5) calendar days before the time of the holding of the meeting. In case the notice is delivered personally or by telephone or by telegram, telecopy (or similar electronic means) or overnight courier, it shall be given at least two (2) calendar days before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the Managers or to a person at the office of the Managers who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the Manager. The notice need not specify the purpose of the meeting.
Section 5.14.Quorum. A majority of the authorized number of Managers shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as provided in Section 5.16. Every act or decision done or made by the
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affirmative vote of a majority of the Managers present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Managers, except to the extent that the vote of a higher number of Managers is required by this Agreement or applicable law.
Section 5.15.Waiver of Notice. Notice of any meeting need not be given to any Manager who either before or after the meeting signs a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting, or an approval of the minutes. The waiver of notice or consent need not specify the purpose of the meeting. All such waivers, consents, and approvals shall be filed with the records of the Company or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Notice of a meeting shall also be deemed given to any Manager who attends the meeting without protesting before or at its commencement the lack of notice to that Manager.
Section 5.16.Adjournment. A majority of the Managers present, whether or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given unless the meeting is adjourned for more than forty-eight (48) hours, in which case notice of the time and place shall be given before the time of the adjourned meeting.
Section 5.17.Action Without a Meeting. Any action to be taken by the Managers at a meeting may be taken without such meeting by the written consent of a majority of the Managers then in office (or such higher number of Managers as is required to authorize or take such action under the terms of this Agreement or applicable law). Any such written consent may be executed and given by telecopy or similar electronic means. Such written consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Managers. If any action is so taken by the Managers by the written consent of less than all of the Managers, prompt notice of the taking of such action shall be furnished to each Manager who did not execute such written consent,provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice.
ARTICLE VI
OFFICERS
Section 6.1.Officers. The officers of the Company shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Investment Officer, a Chief Financial Officer and a Secretary. The Company may also have, at the discretion of the Managers, such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.3. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Each of the officers of the Company may but need not be a Manager.
Section 6.2.Election of Officers. The officers of the Company, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.3 or Section 6.5, shall be chosen by the Managers, and each shall serve at the pleasure of the Managers.
Section 6.3.Subordinate Officers. The Managers may appoint and may empower the Chief Executive Officer to appoint such other officers as the business of the Company may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in this Agreement or as the Managers (or, to the extent the power to prescribe authorities and duties of subordinate officers is delegated to him or her, the Chief Executive Officer) may from time to time determine.
Section 6.4.Removal and Resignation of Officers. Any officer may be removed, with or without cause, by the Managers at any regular or special meeting of the Managers or by such officer, if any, upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Managers. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Company. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and unless otherwise specified in notice of a resignation, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Company under any contract to which the officer is a party.
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Section 6.5.Vacancies in Offices. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in this Agreement for regular appointment to that office. The Chief Executive Officer may make temporary appointments to a vacant office pending action by the Managers.
Section 6.6.Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Company, as determined by the Managers, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Company. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Managers or by this Agreement to some other officer or agent of the Company or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of chief executive officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Managers from time to time.
Section 6.7.President. In the absence of a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the Company. In the absence of a designation of a Chief Operating Officer by the Managers, the President shall be the Chief Operating Officer. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Managers or by this Agreement to some other officer or agent of the Company or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Managers from time to time.
Section 6.8.Chief Investment Officer. The Chief Investment Officer shall serve as the Chairman of the Investment Committee of the Advisor and shall be responsible for the development, implementation and oversight of the firm’s investment strategy, including global macro portfolio optimization, investment implementation and risk management policy. To the extent sub-advisors are used in the investment implementation, the Chief Investment Officer shall be responsible for the development and oversight of the due diligence process, including selection and ongoing monitoring. The Chief Investment Officer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Managers or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.
Section 6.9.Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer (or Treasurer, should there be one appointed) shall keep and maintain or cause to be kept and maintained adequate and correct books and records of accounts of business transactions of the Company, including accounts of the assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital of the Company. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any Manager. The Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Company with such depositaries as may be designated by the Managers. He or she shall disburse the funds of the Company as may be ordered by the Managers, shall render to the Chief Executive Officer and the Managers, whenever they request it, an account of all of his or her transactions as Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Company and shall have other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Managers or the Chief Executive Officer or this Agreement.
Section 6.10.Secretary. The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal place of business of the Company or such other place as the Managers may direct a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of Managers, committees or other delegates of Managers and Members with the time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and if special, how authorized, the notice given, the names of those present at Managers’ meetings or committee or other delegate meetings, the Percentage Interest present or represented at meetings of Members and the proceedings. The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal place of business of the Company, a register or a duplicate register showing the names of all Members and their addresses, the number and classes of Percentage Interest held by each, the number and date of certificates issued for the same, if any, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation. The Secretary shall give or cause to be given notice of all meetings of the Members and of the Managers (or committees or other delegates thereof) required to be given by this Agreement or by applicable law and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Managers or the Chief Executive Officer or by this Agreement.
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ARTICLE VII
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; UNITS
Section 7.1.Units. A Member’s Membership Interest in the Company, including such Member’s right to receive Distributions from the Company, shall be represented by the “Unit” or “Units” held by such Member. Initially, there shall be three (3) Classes of Units: (i) class A Units (“Class A Units”), (ii) class C Units (“Class C Units”), and (iii) class I Units (“Class I Units”), and such classes shall have the following commissions and fees relating to them:
(a) Each Class A Unit issued in the primary offering shall be subject to a sales commission of up to 7.00% per Unit and a Dealer Manager fee of up to 2.75% per Unit, which underwriting compensation is subject to change in subsequent offerings. No sales commissions or Dealer Manager fees shall be paid with respect to any Class A Units issued pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan.
(b) Each Class C Unit issued in the primary offering shall be subject to a sales commission of up to 3.00% per Unit and a Dealer Manager fee of up to 2.75% per Unit, which underwriting compensation is subject to change in subsequent offerings. In addition, with respect to Class C Units, the Company shall pay the Dealer Manager on a monthly basis a distribution fee (“Distribution Fee”) that accrues daily equal to 1/365th of 0.80% of the amount of the net asset value for the Class C Units for such day on a continuous basis from year to year. No sales commissions or Dealer Manager fee shall be paid with respect to any Class C Units issued pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan.
(c) Each Class I Unit issued in the primary offering shall be subject to a Dealer Manager fee of up to 1.75% per Unit, which underwriting compensation is subject to change in subsequent offerings. No Dealer Manager fees shall be paid with respect to any Class I Units issued pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan.
Section 7.2.Capital Contribution by Initial Member. The Initial Member made a cash Capital Contribution to the Company of $200,000. Except as otherwise agreed by all Members, the Initial Member shall have no right or obligation to make any further Capital Contributions to the Company, except that TriLinc Global, LLC has agreed that it or its affiliate will contribute an additional $800,000 for units in the Offering before the Company can accept $10,000,000 in subscriptions.
Section 7.3.Capital Contributions by New Members. The Managers are authorized and directed to raise capital for the Company as provided in the Prospectus by offering and selling Units to Members as follows:
(a) Each Class A Unit shall initially be issued for a purchase price of $10.00, subject to certain possible discounts, until such time as the Board of Managers adjusts the purchase price of Class A Units.
(b) Each Class C Unit shall initially be issued for a purchase price of $9.576, subject to certain possible discounts, until such time as the Board of Managers adjusts the purchase price of Class C Units.
(c) Each Class I Unit shall initially be issued for a purchase price of $9.186, subject to certain possible discounts, until such time as the Board of Managers adjusts the purchase price of Class I Units.
(d) Except as set forth below, the initial minimum purchase of Units shall be two thousand dollars ($2,000) (or such greater minimum number as may be required under applicable state or federal laws) per Member (including subscriptions from entities of which such Member is the sole beneficial owner) and any additional purchases of Units shall be five hundred dollars ($500) (or such greater minimum number as may be required under applicable state or federal laws) per Member (including subscriptions from entities of which such Member is the sole beneficial owner). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions set forth above relating to the minimum number of Units which may be purchased shall not apply to purchases of Units pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan.
(e) The Managers may accept subscriptions for fractional Units in excess of the minimum subscription amount.
(f) The Managers may refuse to accept subscriptions for Units and contributions tendered therewith for any reason whatsoever.
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(g) Each Unit sold to a subscriber shall be fully paid and nonassessable.
(h) The Managers are further authorized to cause the Company to issue additional Units to Members pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including, but not limited to, pursuant to any plan of merger, plan of exchange or plan of conversion adopted by the Company.
Section 7.4.Public Offering. Subject to compliance with applicable state securities laws and regulations, the Offering shall terminate two (2) years from the original effective date of the Prospectus unless fully subscribed at an earlier date or terminated on an earlier date by the Board of Managers, or unless extended by the Board of Managers in accordance with applicable federal securities laws and regulations. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Board of Managers shall have sole and complete discretion in determining the terms and conditions of the offer and sale of Units and are hereby authorized and directed to do all things which they deem to be necessary, convenient, appropriate and advisable in connection therewith, including, but not limited to, the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the securities commissioners (or similar agencies or officers) of such jurisdictions as the Managers shall determine, and the execution or performance of agreements with selling agents and others concerning the marketing of the Units, all on such basis and upon such terms as the Managers shall determine.
Section 7.5.Minimum Capitalization. The Offering will terminate if the Company has not received and accepted subscriptions for the Minimum Offering on or before the Minimum Offering Expiration Date.
Section 7.6.Escrow Account. Until subscriptions for the Minimum Offering are received and accepted by a Manager, or until the Minimum Offering Expiration Date, whichever first occurs, all subscription proceeds shall be held in an escrow account separate and apart from all other funds and invested in obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States government, or bank money-market accounts or certificates of deposit of national or state banks that have deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (including certificates of deposit of any bank acting as a depository or custodian for any such funds), which mature on or before the Minimum Offering Expiration Date, unless such instrument cannot be readily sold or otherwise disposed of for cash by the Minimum Offering Expiration Date without any dissipation of the subscription proceeds invested, all in the discretion of such escrow agent or agents appointed by the Board of Managers. All moneys tendered by Persons whose subscriptions are rejected shall be returned, without interest, to such Persons promptly after such rejection. If subscriptions for the Minimum Offering are not received and accepted before the Minimum Offering Expiration Date, those subscriptions and funds in escrow on such date shall be returned to the subscribers, together with any interest earned thereon. Notwithstanding the above, the escrow shall be modified to reflect any particular requirements of federal law or any state in which the Units are offered. The Managers are, and any one of them is, authorized to enter into one or more escrow agreements on behalf of the Company in such form as is satisfactory to the Managers reflecting the requirements of this Section 7.6 and containing such additional terms as are not inconsistent with this Section 7.6. Upon satisfying the Minimum Offering requirement, funds shall be released from escrow to the Company within approximately thirty (30) days and investors with subscription funds held in the escrow shall be admitted as Members as soon as practicable, but in no event later than fifteen (15) days after such release.
Section 7.7.Admission of Members.
(a) No action or consent by any Members shall be required for the admission of Members to the Company. Subscriptions will be accepted or rejected within thirty (30) days of receipt of each completed Subscription Agreement by the Company and, if rejected, all funds shall be returned to such subscribers and without deduction for any expenses within ten (10) Business Days from the date the subscription is rejected. Prior to satisfying the Minimum Offering requirement, funds of subscribers for Units pursuant to the Offering shall be held in the escrow account described in Section 7.6 above. Such funds shall not be released from escrow, and no subscribers for Units shall be admitted to the Company unless and until the receipt and acceptance by the Company of the Minimum Offering. Any subscriber shall be admitted as a Member no later than the last day of the calendar month following the date his or her subscription was accepted by the Company.
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(b) No Person who subscribes for Units in the Offering shall be admitted as a Member who has not executed and delivered to the Company the Subscription Agreement specified in the Prospectus, together with such other documents and instruments as the Managers may deem necessary or desirable to effect such admission.
Section 7.8.Interest on Capital Contributions. No interest shall be paid on, or in respect of, any Capital Contribution to the Company by any Member, nor shall any Member have the right to demand or receive cash or other property in return for the Member’s Capital Contribution.
Section 7.9.Suitability Standards. Upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering and until Listing, the following provisions shall apply:
(a) Subject to suitability standards established by individual states or any higher standards established by the Board of Managers to become a Member of the Company, if the prospective Member is an individual (including an individual beneficiary of a purchasing Individual Retirement Account as defined in the Code), or if the prospective Member is a fiduciary (such as a trustee of a trust or corporate pension or profit sharing plan, or other tax-exempt organization, or a custodian under a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act), such individual or fiduciary, as the case may be, shall represent to the Company, among other requirements as the Company may require from time to time:
(i) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Units) has a minimum annual gross income of seventy thousand dollars ($70,000) and a Net Worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than seventy thousand dollars ($70,000); or
(ii) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Units) has a Net Worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than two hundred, fifty thousand dollars ($250,000).
(b) The Sponsor and each Person selling Units on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of Units is a suitable and appropriate investment for each Member. In making this determination, the Sponsor or each Person selling Units on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall ascertain that the prospective Member:
(i) meets the minimum income and Net Worth standards established for the Company;
(ii) can reasonably benefit from the Company based on the prospective Member’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure;
(iii) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective Member’s overall financial situation; and
(iv) has apparent understanding of: (1) the fundamental risks of the investment; (2) the risk that the Member may lose the entire investment; (3) the lack of liquidity of the Units; (4) the restrictions on transferability of the Units; (5) the background and qualifications of the Sponsor or the Advisor; and (6) the tax consequences of the investment. The Sponsor or each Person selling Units on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall make this determination on the basis of information or representations it has obtained from a prospective Member. Relevant information for this purpose will include at least the age, investment objectives, investment experiences, income, Net Worth, financial situation, and other investments of the prospective Member, as well as any other pertinent factors. The Sponsor or each Person selling Unit on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall maintain records of the information used to determine that an investment in Units is suitable and appropriate for a Member. The Sponsor or each Person selling Units on behalf of the Sponsor or the Company shall maintain these records or copies of representations made for at least six (6) years.
(c) Subject to certain individual state requirements, the issuance of Units under the Reinvestment Plan, or higher standards established by the Board of Managers from time to time, no Member will be permitted
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to make an initial investment in the Company by purchasing a number of Units valued at less than two thousand dollars ($2,000).
Section 7.10.Repurchase of Units. The Board of Managers may establish, from time to time, a program or programs by which the Company voluntarily repurchases Units from its Members,provided, however, that such repurchase does not impair the capital or operations of the Company. The Sponsor, the Advisor, the Managers or any Affiliates thereof may not receive any fees on the repurchase of Units by the Company.
Section 7.11.Distribution Reinvestment Plans. The Board of Managers may establish, from time to time, a distribution reinvestment plan or plans (a “Reinvestment Plan”) if all of the following conditions are met: (i) The Company and any subsequent entities in which the Members reinvest are registered or exempted under applicable state securities laws; (ii) Except as otherwise provided herein, no sales commissions or fees shall be deducted directly or indirectly from the reinvested funds by the Advisor; (iii) Any subsequent entities in which the Members reinvest has substantially identical investment objectives as the Company; (iv) The Members are free to elect or revoke reinvestment within a reasonable time and such right is fully disclosed in the offering documents; (v) The Members shall have received a Prospectus, which is current as of the date of each such reinvestment; and (vi) The broker-dealer or the issuer assumes responsibility for blue sky compliance and performance of due diligence responsibilities and has contacted the Members to ascertain whether the Members continue to meet the applicable states’ suitability standard for participation in each reinvestment.
Section 7.12.Assessments. Mandatory Assessments of any kind shall be prohibited.
ARTICLE VIII
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Section 8.1.Company Capital. No Member shall be paid interest on any Capital Contribution to the Company or on such Member’s Capital Account, and no Member shall have any right (i) to demand the return of such Member’s Capital Contribution or any other distribution from the Company (whether upon resignation, withdrawal or otherwise), except upon dissolution of the Company pursuant to Section 20.3 hereof, (ii) to cause a partition of the Company’s assets, or (iii) to own or use any particular or individual assets of the Company.
Section 8.2.Establishment and Determination of Capital Accounts. A capital account (“Capital Account”) shall be established for each Member. The Capital Account of each Member shall consist of his, her or its initial Capital Contribution and shall be (i) increased by (a) any additional Capital Contributions made by such Member pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, (b) the amount of any Company liabilities that are assumed by such Member, and (c) such Member’s share of Profits allocated to such Member pursuant to Section 9.4, (ii) decreased by (a) such Member’s share of Losses allocated to such Member pursuant to Section 9.4 and (b) any Distributions to such Member (net of liabilities assumed by such Member and liabilities to which such property is subject) distributed to such Member and (iii) adjusted as otherwise required by the Code and the regulations thereunder, including but not limited to, the rules of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv). Any references in this Agreement to the Capital Account of a Member shall be deemed to refer to such Capital Account as the same may be increased or decreased from time to time as set forth above.
Section 8.3.Computation of Amounts. For purposes of computing the amount of any item of income, gain, loss, deduction or expense to be reflected in Capital Accounts, the determination, recognition and classification of each such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for federal income tax purposes; provided that:
(i) any income that is exempt from Federal income tax shall be added to such taxable income or losses;
(ii) any expenditures of the Company described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code or treated as Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), shall be subtracted from such taxable income or losses;
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(iii) if the Book Value of any Company property is adjusted pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e) (in connection with a distribution of such property) or (f) (in connection with a revaluation of Capital Accounts), then the amount of such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such property;
(iv) if property that is reflected on the books of the Company has a Book Value that differs from the adjusted tax basis of such property, then depreciation, amortization and gain or loss with respect to such property shall be determined by reference to such Book Value; and
(v) the computation of all items of income, gain, loss, deduction and expense shall be made without regard to any election pursuant to Section 754 of the Code that may be made by the Company, unless the adjustment to basis of Company property pursuant to such election is reflected in Capital Accounts pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-l(b)(2)(iv)(m).
Section 8.4.Negative Capital Accounts. No Member shall be required to pay to the Company or any other Member any deficit or negative balance which may exist from time to time in such Member’s Capital Account.
Section 8.5.Adjustments to Book Value. The Company shall adjust the Book Value of its assets to fair market value in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section l.704-l(b)(2)(iv)(f) as of the following times: (a) at the Manager’s discretion, in connection with the issuance of Membership Interests in the Company and the computation of Company NAV; (b) at the Manager’s discretion, in connection with the Distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of Company assets, including cash, if as a result of such Distribution, such Member’s interest in the Company is reduced (including a redemption); and (c) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1 (b)(2)(ii)(g). Any such increase or decrease in Book Value of an asset made pursuant to Section 8.5(a) or (b) shall, as a matter of administrative convenience, occur on a quarterly basis to take into consideration the contributions by and distributions to Members over the course of a given quarter, Furthermore, any such increase or decrease in Book Value of an asset shall be allocated as a Profit or Loss to the Capital Accounts of the Members under Section 9.4 (determined immediately prior to the issuance of the new Membership Interests or the distribution of assets in an ownership reduction transaction).
Section 8.6.Compliance With Section 1.704-1(b). The provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Section 1.704-1(b) of the Treasury Regulations, and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Treasury Regulations. If the Managers determine that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto (including debits or credits relating to liabilities which are secured by contributed or distributed property or which are assumed by the Company or any Member), are computed in order to comply with such regulation, the Managers may make such modification, provided that it is not likely to have a material effect on the amount distributable to any Member pursuant to Section 9.2 on the dissolution of the Company. The Managers also shall (a) make any adjustments that are necessary or appropriate to maintain equality between the Capital Accounts of the Members and the amount of Company capital reflected on the Company’s balance sheet, as computed for book purposes, in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(iv)(g), and (b) make any appropriate modifications in the event unanticipated events might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b).
Section 8.7.Transfer of Capital Accounts. The original Capital Account established for each substituted Member shall be in the same amount as the Capital Account of the Member (or portion thereof) to which such substituted Member succeeds, at the time such substituted Member is admitted to the Company. The Capital Account of any Member whose interest in the Company shall be increased or decreased by means of the transfer of Membership Interests to or from such Member shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect such transfer. Any reference in this Agreement to a Capital Contribution of or Distribution to a Member that has succeeded any other Member shall include any Capital Contributions or Distributions previously made by or to the former Member on account of the Membership Interests of such former Member transferred to such Member.
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ARTICLE IX
DISTRIBUTIONS; ALLOCATIONS OF PROFITS AND LOSSES
Section 9.1.Generally. Subject to the provisions of Section 18-607 of the Act, the Managers shall have sole discretion regarding the amounts and timing of distributions to Members, in each case subject to the retention of, or payment to third parties of, such funds or reserves as it deems necessary with respect to anticipated business needs of the Company which shall include (but not by way of limitation) the payment or the making of provision for the payment when due of Company obligations, including the payment of any management or administrative fees and expenses or any other obligations.
Section 9.2.Distributions.
(a) From time to time and not less than quarterly, the Board of Managers shall review the Company’s accounts to determine whether the Company has available cash which is not necessary to retain and can be distributed to its Members. In no event, however, shall funds be advanced or borrowed for purpose of Distributions, if the amount of such Distributions would exceed the Company’s accrued and received revenues for the previous four (4) quarters, less paid and accrued operating costs with respect to such revenues and costs shall be made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. Cash Distributions from the Company to the Sponsor shall only be made in conjunction with Distributions to Members and only out of funds properly allocated to the Sponsor’s account. The Board of Managers shall cause the Company to set aside adequate reserves for normal replacements and contingencies (but not for the payment of fees payable to the Advisor). The Company shall make Distributions to the Members pursuant to this Section 9.2 as follows:
(b)
(i) First, Company NAV shall be determined pursuant to this Agreement and Distributions shall be allocated among the Class A Units, the Class C Units and the Class I Units (as well as any subsequently authorized Class) pro rata in proportion to the Relative NAV of each Class;
(ii) Second, the Distributions allocable to any given Class pursuant to Section 9.2(b)(i) shall be allocated and distributed among the respective holders of Units of such Class pro rata based on their Percentage Interests of such Class (with the amount of the Distribution Fee payable by the Company with respect to Class C Units being deducted from the Distributions available to Class C Units pursuant to Section 9.2(b)(i) and reserved by the Company for payment or paid by the Company to the Dealer Manager, which amounts shall be deemed distributed to such holders of Class C Units).
(c) The Company will make no Distributions of in-kind property except for Distributions of readily marketable securities, distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for the dissolution of the Company or Distributions in connection with the liquidation of the Assets in accordance with the terms of this Agreement unless: (i) the Board of Managers advises each Member of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property, (ii) the Board of Managers offers each Member the election of receiving in-kind property Distributions, and (iii) the Company distributes in-kind property only to those Members who accept such offer by the Board of Managers.
Section 9.3.Form of Distribution. A Member, regardless of the nature of the Member’s Capital Contribution, has no right to demand and receive any distribution from the Company in any form other than money.
Section 9.4.Allocation of Profit and Loss. For each fiscal year of the Company, after adjusting each Member’s Capital Account for all Capital Contributions and distributions during such fiscal year and all special allocations pursuant to Section 9.5 with respect to such fiscal year, all Profits and Losses (including special allocations of Distribution Fees and other than Profits and Losses specially allocated pursuant to Section 9.5) shall be allocated to the Members’ Capital Accounts in a manner such that, as of the end of such fiscal year, the Capital Account of each Member (which may be either a positive or negative balance) shall be equal to the amount which would be
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distributed to such Member if the Company were to liquidate all of its assets for the Book Value thereof and distributed the proceeds thereof pursuant to the order of priorities set forth in Section 9.2(b) hereof.
Section 9.5.Special Allocations. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 9.4:
(i) Nonrecourse Deductions shall be allocated to the Members, pro rata in proportion to the Relative NAV of each Unit. If there is a net decrease in Company Minimum Gain during any Taxable Year, each Member shall be specially allocated items of taxable income or gain for such Taxable Year (and, if necessary, subsequent Taxable Years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Company Minimum Gain, determined in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(g) (subject to the exceptions thereunder). The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(f)(6). This paragraph is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirements in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(f) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(ii) Member Nonrecourse Deductions shall be allocated in the manner required by Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i). Except as otherwise provided in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4), if there is a net decrease in Member Minimum Gain during any Taxable Year, each Member that has a share of such Member Minimum Gain shall be specially allocated items of taxable income or gain for such Taxable Year (and, if necessary, subsequent Taxable Years) in an amount equal to that Member’s share of the net decrease in Member Minimum Gain (subject to the exceptions thereunder). Items to be allocated pursuant to this paragraph shall be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulation Sections 1.704-2(i)(4) and 1.704-2(j)(2). This paragraph is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirements in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(iii) If any Member unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations or distributions described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-l(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6), items of taxable income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Member in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the adjusted capital account deficit (determined according to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)) created by such adjustments, allocations or distributions as quickly as possible. This paragraph is intended to comply with the qualified income offset requirements in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(iv) No allocation of Loss shall be made pursuant to Section 9.4 to the extent that it causes or increases a deficit balance in any Member’s Adjusted Capital Account. To the extent any allocation of Loss would cause the Adjusted Capital Account balance of any of the Members to have a deficit balance, such Loss shall be allocated to the Members with positive balances in their Adjusted Capital Accounts in proportion with such relative positive Adjusted Capital Account balances.
(v) The allocations set forth in paragraphs (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above (the “Regulatory Allocations”) are intended to comply with certain requirements of the Treasury Regulations under Code Section 704. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section 9.5 (other than the Regulatory Allocations), the Regulatory Allocations shall be taken into account in allocating Profits and Losses among Members so that, to the extent possible, the net amount of such allocations of Profits and Losses and other items and the Regulatory Allocations (including Regulatory Allocations that, although not yet made, are expected to be made in the future) to each Member shall be equal to the net amount that would have been allocated to such Member if the Regulatory Allocations had not occurred.
Section 9.6.Amounts Withheld. All amounts withheld pursuant to Sections 9.2(b)(ii) or 9.11 from any distribution to a Member shall be treated as amounts distributed to such Member pursuant to Section 9.2 for all purposes under this Agreement.
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Section 9.7.Tax Allocations: Code Section 704(c).
(i) The income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses of the Company shall be allocated, for federal, state and local income tax purposes, among the Members in accordance with the allocation of such income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses among the Members for computing their Capital Accounts, except that if any such allocation is not permitted by the Code or other applicable law, the Company’s subsequent income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses shall be allocated among the Members so as to reflect as nearly as possible the allocations set forth herein in computing their Capital Accounts.
(ii) In accordance with Code Section 704(c) and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, income, gain, loss, deduction and expense with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the Company shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the Members so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Company for federal income tax purposes and its fair market value at the time of contribution using any reasonable method (including the “Traditional Method”) provided for in the Treasury Regulations as selected by the Managers in their sole and discretion.
(iii) If the Book Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to Section 8.5, subsequent allocations of items of taxable income, gain, loss, deduction and expense with respect to such asset shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income tax purposes and its Book Value in the same manner as under Code Section 704(c). Any elections or other decisions relating to such allocations shall be made by the Board of Managers in any manner that reasonably reflects the purpose and intent of this Agreement. Allocations pursuant to this Section 9.7 are solely for purposes of federal, state and local taxes and shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in computing, any Member’s Capital Account or share of Profits, Losses, other items or Distributions pursuant to any provisions of this Agreement.
Section 9.8.Preparation of Tax Returns. The Board of Managers shall arrange for the preparation and timely filing of all returns with respect to Company income, gains, deductions, losses and other items required of the Company for federal and state income tax purposes and shall use all reasonable effort to furnish the tax information reasonably required by Members for federal and state income tax reporting purposes pursuant to Section 13.3.
Section 9.9.Tax Elections. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Board of Managers shall, in its sole and absolute discretion, determine whether to make any available election pursuant to the Code. The Board of Managers shall have the right to seek to revoke any such election upon the Board of Manager’s determination in its sole and absolute discretion that such revocation is in the best interests of the Members.
Section 9.10.Tax Matters.
(a) The Board of Managers is authorized, but not required:
(i) to enter into any settlement with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to any administrative or judicial proceedings for the adjustment of Company items (such administrative proceedings being referred to as a “tax audit” and such judicial proceedings being referred to as “judicial review”);
(ii) to seek judicial review of any adjustment with the United States Tax Court or the United States Claims Court, or the filing of a complaint for refund with the District Court of the United States for the district in which the Company’s principal place of business is located;
(iii) to enter into an agreement with the Internal Revenue Service to extend the period for assessing any tax; and
(iv) to take any other action on behalf of the Company in connection with any tax audit or judicial review proceeding to the extent permitted by applicable law or regulations.
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The taking of any action and the incurring of any expense by the Board of Managers in connection with any such proceeding, except to the extent required by law, is a matter in the sole and absolute discretion of the Board of Managers and the indemnification provisions set forth in Article XVII, hereof shall be fully applicable with respect to such actions.
Section 9.11.Withholding. Each Member hereby authorizes the Company to withhold from or pay on behalf of or with respect to such Member any amount of federal, state, local or foreign taxes that the Board of Managers determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, that the Company is required to withhold or pay with respect to any amount distributable to such Member pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, any taxes required to be withheld or paid by the Company pursuant to sections 1441, 1442 or 1445 of the Code.
ARTICLE X
RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF UNITS
Section 10.1.Transfer of Membership Interest.
(a) A Member may assign its Economic Interests by a duly executed, written instrument of assignment, the terms of which are not in contravention of any of the provisions of this Agreement and which contains the provisions required by the Board of Managers to effectuate the assignment.
(b) In the case of an assignment by a Member of its Economic Interests where the assignee does not become a substituted Member pursuant to Section 10.2 below, the Company shall recognize the assignment not later than the last day of the calendar month following receipt of notice of the assignment and any other required documentation.
Section 10.2.Substituted Members. No assignee of the whole or any portion of a Membership Interest in the Company shall have the right to become a substituted Member in place of his or her assignor, unless the following conditions are first met:
(a) The assignor shall designate such intention in a written instrument of assignment, which shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Managers;
(b) The written consent of the Managers to such substitution shall be obtained, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, but which, in any event, shall not be given if the Managers determine that such sale or transfer (i) is to a minor or incompetent (unless a guardian, custodian or conservator has been appointed to handle the affairs of such person); (ii) may jeopardize the continued ability of the Company to qualify as a “partnership” for federal income tax purposes; (iii) may violate any applicable laws, including, without limitation, applicable federal and state securities laws (including any investment suitability standards); or (iv) would jeopardize the Company’s existence or qualification as a limited liability company under Delaware law and or under the applicable laws of any other jurisdiction in which the Company is then conducting business. In the case of a Member who is a Benefit Plan Investor, the consent of the Managers to any substitution for all or part of such Benefit Plan Investor’s Units shall not be withheld unless the Managers believe in good faith that (i) the assignee is a minor or incompetent (unless a guardian, custodian or conservator has been appointed to handle the affairs of such person); (ii) such sale or transfer may jeopardize the continued ability of the Company to qualify as a “partnership” for federal income tax purposes or that such sale or transfer may violate any applicable federal or state securities laws (including any investment suitability standards); or (iii) one of the other conditions in Sections 10.2 or 10.3 hereof would not be met;
(c) The assignor and assignee named therein shall execute and acknowledge such other instruments as the Managers may deem necessary to effectuate such substitution;
(d) The assignee shall accept, adopt and approve in writing all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement as the same may have been amended;
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(e) Such assignee shall pay or obligate himself to pay all reasonable expenses connected with such substitution, including but not limited to reasonable attorneys’ fees associated therewith; and
The Company has received, if required by the Managers, a legal opinion satisfactory to the Managers that such transfer will not violate the registration provisions of the Securities Act, which opinion shall be furnished at the Member’s expense. The Company shall amend its records at least once each calendar quarter to effect the substitution of a substituted Member.
Section 10.3.Further Restrictions on Transfers. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein, the following restrictions shall also apply to any and all proposed sales, assignments and transfer of Membership Interests or Economic Interests, and any proposed sale, assignment or transfer in violation of same shall be void ab initio.
(a) No Member shall make any transfer or assignment of all or any part of his Membership Interest or Economic Interest if said transfer or assignment, when considered with all other transfers during the same applicable twelve (12) month period, would, in the opinion of the Board of Managers, result in the termination of the Company’s status as a partnership for federal or state income tax purposes.
(b) No Member shall make any transfer or assignment of all or any of his Membership Interest or Economic Interest if the Managers determine such transfer or assignment would result in the Company being classified as an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership” within the meaning of Section 7704(b) of the Code (determined without reference to Code Section 469(i)) or any rules, regulations or safe-harbor guidelines promulgated thereunder.
(c) No Member shall make any transfer or assignment of all or any of his Membership Interest or Economic Interest unless the transferee that would have been qualified to purchase Units in the Offering and no transferee may acquire or hold fewer than two hundred (200) Units.
(d) Each Member that is a legal entity (other than a Benefit Plan Investor) acknowledges that its management shall have a fiduciary responsibility for the safekeeping and use of all funds and assets of any assignee to all or a portion of its interest as a Member, and that the management of each Member that is a legal entity (other than a Benefit Plan Investor) shall not employ, or permit another to employ such funds or assets that are attributable to any assignee of all or a portion of such Member’s interest as a Member in any manner except for the exclusive benefit of the assignee. Each Member, other than a Benefit Plan Investor, agrees that it will not contract away the foregoing fiduciary duty.
Section 10.4.Elimination or Modification of Restrictions. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing provisions of this Article X, the Managers shall amend this Agreement to eliminate or modify any restriction on substitution or assignment at such time as the restriction is no longer necessary or advisable.
ARTICLE XI
MEMBERS
Section 11.1.Voting and Other Rights of Members. The Members shall have the right to take any of the following actions upon the affirmative vote or consent of the Majority of the Members, without the concurrence of the Board of Managers:
(a) amend this Agreement,
(b) dissolve the Company,
(c) remove a Manager and elect a new Manager, and
(d) approve or disapprove the sale of all or substantially all of the Assets of the Company, when such sale is to be made other than in the ordinary course of the Company’s business.
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Section 11.2.Limited Liability of Members. No Member shall be liable for any debts or obligations of the Company beyond the amount of the Capital Contributions made by such Member.
Section 11.3.Representation of Company. Each of the Members hereby acknowledges and agrees that the attorneys representing the Company and the Managers and their Affiliates do not represent and shall not be deemed under the applicable codes of professional responsibility to have represented or be representing any or all of the Members in any respect at any time. Each of the Members further acknowledges and agrees that such attorneys shall have no obligation to furnish the Members with any information or documents obtained, received or created in connection with the representation of the Company, the Managers and/or their Affiliates.
Section 11.4.Preemptive Rights. Except as may be provided by the Board of Managers, or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board of Managers, no holder of Units shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Units or any other Securities which the Company may issue or sell.
Section 11.5.Tender Offers. If any Person makes a tender offer, including, without limitation, a “mini-tender” offer, such Person must comply with all of the provisions set forth in Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, disclosure and notice requirements, that would be applicable if the tender offer was for more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding Units;provided, however, that such documents are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, any such Person must provide notice to the Company at least ten (10) Business Days prior to initiating any such tender offer. Any Person who initiates a tender offer without complying with the provisions set forth above (a “Non-Compliant Tender Offer”), shall be responsible for all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the enforcement of the provisions of this Section 11.5, including without limitation, expenses incurred in connection with the review of all documents related to such tender offer. In addition, the Company may seek injunctive relief, including, without limitation, a temporary or permanent restraining order, in connection with any Non-Compliant Tender Offer. This Section 11.5 shall be of no force or effect with respect to any Units that are then listed.
ARTICLE XII
MEETINGS OF MEMBERS
Section 12.1.Meetings. The Managers, or Members representing ten percent (10%) of the outstanding Units, may call a meeting of the Company for any matters for which Members may vote as set forth in this Agreement. If Members representing the requisite Units present to the Managers a written request stating the purpose of the meeting, the Managers shall fix a date for such meeting and shall, within ten (10) days after receipt of such request, provide written notice in accordance with Section 12.3 below to all of the Members of the date of such meeting and the purpose for which it has been called. With respect to a meeting duly requested by Members, such meeting shall be held at a date not less than fifteen (15) and not more than sixty (60) days after the Company’s receipt of the Members’ written request for the meeting, and, unless otherwise specified in the notice for such meeting, the meeting shall be held at 2:00 p.m. on such date at the principal place of business of the Company as set forth in Article V. At any meeting of the Company, Members may vote in person or by proxy. A Majority of the Members, present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any Company meeting. Any question relating to the Company which may be considered and acted upon by the Members hereunder may be considered and acted upon by vote at a Company meeting, and any consent required to be in writing shall be deemed given by a vote by written ballot. Except as expressly provided above, additional meeting and voting procedures shall be in conformity with Section 18-302 of the Act.
Section 12.2.Manner of Giving Notice. Notice of any meeting of Members shall be given personally or by telephone to each Member or sent by first class mail, by telegram or telecopy (or similar electronic means) or by a nationally recognized overnight courier, charges prepaid, addressed to the Member at the address of that Member appearing on the books of the Company or given by the Member to the Company for the purpose of
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notice. Notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered either personally or by telephone, or at the time when deposited in the mail or with a nationally recognized overnight courier, or when sent by telegram or telecopy (or similar electronic means).
Section 12.3.Adjourned Meeting; Notice. Any meeting of Members, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of a majority of the Percentage Interests represented at that meeting, either in person or by proxy. When any meeting of Members is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting, unless a new record date of the adjourned meeting is fixed or unless the adjournment is for more than sixty (60) days from the date set for the original meeting. At any adjourned meeting, the Company may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting.
Section 12.4.Record Date for Member Notice, Voting and Giving Consents.
(a) For purposes of determining the Members entitled to vote or act at any meeting or adjournment thereof, the Board of Managers may fix in advance a record date which shall not be greater than ninety (90) days nor fewer than ten (10) days before the date of any such meeting. If the Board of Managers do not so fix a record date, the record date for determining Members entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of Members shall be at the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the Business Day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.
(b) Only Members of record on the record date as herein determined shall have any right to vote or to act at any meeting or give consent to any action relating to such record date,provided that no Member who transfers all or part of such Member’s Membership Interest after a record date (and no transferee of such Membership Interest) shall have the right to vote or act with respect to the transferred Membership Interest as regards the matter for which the record date was set.
Section 12.5.Proxies. Every Member entitled to vote or act on any matter at a meeting of Members shall have the right to do so either in person or by proxy,provided that an instrument authorizing such a proxy to act is executed by the Member in writing and dated not more than eleven (11) months before the meeting, unless the instrument specifically provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed executed by a Member if the Member’s name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the Member or the Member’s attorney-in-fact. A valid proxy that does not state that it is irrevocable shall continue in full force and effect unless (i) revoked by the person executing it before the vote pursuant to that proxy by a writing delivered to the Company stating that the proxy is revoked, by a subsequent proxy executed by the person who executed the earlier proxy or by attendance at the meeting and voting in person by the person who executed the earlier proxy or (ii) written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of that proxy is received by the Company before the vote pursuant to that proxy is counted. A proxy purporting to be executed by the person who executed that proxy or on behalf of a Member shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger.
ARTICLE XIII
BOOKS AND RECORDS, REPORTS AND RETURNS
Section 13.1.Right of Inspection. As permitted hereunder, any Member and any designated representative thereof shall be permitted access to the records of the Company at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them for a reasonable charge. Inspection of the Company’s books and records by the office or agency administering the securities laws of a jurisdiction shall be provided upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours.
Section 13.2.Access to Members List.
(a) An alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone number of the Members of the Company, along with the number of Units held by each of them (the “Members List”), shall be maintained as part of
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the books and records of the Company and shall be available for inspection by any Member or the Member’s designated agent at the home office of the Company upon the request of the Member. For any of the purposes described below, the Members List shall be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. A copy of such list, for any of the purposes described below, shall be mailed to any Member so requesting within ten (10) days of receipt by the Company of the request. The copy of the Members List shall be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size (in no event smaller than 10-point type). The Company may impose a reasonable charge for postage costs and expenses incurred in reproduction pursuant to the Member request. A Member may request a copy of the Members List in connection with matters relating to Member’s voting rights and the exercise of Member rights under federal proxy laws.
(b) If the Managers neglect or refuse to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the Members List as requested, the Advisor and/or the Managers shall be liable to any Member requesting the list for the costs, including reasonable attorney’s fees, incurred by that Member for compelling the production of the Members List, and for actual damages suffered by any Member by reason of such refusal or neglect. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the Members List is to secure such list of Members or other information for the purpose of selling such list or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose, other than in the interest of the applicant as a Member relative to the affairs of the Company. The Company may require the Member requesting the Members List to represent that the list is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the Member’s Membership Interest in the Company. The remedies provided hereunder to Members requesting copies of the Members List are in addition to and shall not in any way limit other remedies available to Members under federal law, or the laws of any state.
Section 13.3.Tax Information. The Managers shall use commercially reasonable efforts, at the Company’s expense, to cause to be prepared and distributed to the Members not later than seventy-five (75) days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year, all information necessary for the preparation of the Members’ federal income tax returns.
Section 13.4.Annual Report. The Managers shall cause to be prepared at least annually, at Company expense, within one hundred and twenty (120) days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year, an annual report, which will include financial statements audited and reported upon by the Company’s independent public accountants, and will contain: (A) a balance sheet as of the end of each fiscal year and statements of income, Members’ equity, and cash flow, for the year then ended, all of which shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and accompanied by an auditor’s report containing an opinion of an independent certified public accountant; (B) a report of the activities of the Company during the period covered by the report; (C) where forecasts have been provided to the Members, a table comparing the forecasts previously provided with the actual results during the period covered by the report; and (D) a report setting forth Distributions to Members for the period covered thereby and separately identifying Distributions from: (i) Cash Flow from operations during the period, (ii) Cash Flow from operations during a prior period which have been held as reserves, (iii) proceeds from disposition of Assets and (iv) reserves from the Gross Proceeds of the Offering originally obtained from the Members. The annual report may also contain an estimated value per Unit, the method by which that value was determined, and the date of the data used to develop the estimated value. The Managers shall take reasonable steps to ensure that, (i) within the scope of the annual audit of the Sponsor’s financial statements, the independent certified public accountants preparing such annual report will issue a special report on the allocation of such costs to the Company in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, (ii) the special report shall be in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants United States Auditing Standards relating to special reports, (iii) the additional costs of such special report will be itemized and may be reimbursed to the Sponsor by the Company in accordance with this Section 13.4(a) only to the extent that such reimbursement, when added to the cost for administrative services rendered, does not exceed the competitive rate for such services as determined above, (iv) the special report shall at minimum provide: a review of the time records of individual employees, the costs of whose services were reimbursed; and a review of the specific nature of the work performed by each such employee, and (v) the prospectus, prospectus supplement or
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periodic report as filed with the SEC shall disclose in tabular form an itemized estimate of such proposed expenses for the next fiscal year together with a breakdown by year of such expenses reimbursed in each of the last five public programs formed by the Sponsor, if any.
Section 13.5.Quarterly Reports. If and for as long as the Company is required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the information contained in each such report shall be furnished or made available to Members (in a form and manner consistent with then-current requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission) after such report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, but no later than forty-five (45) days after the end of the relevant quarter for the quarterly report on Form 10-Q. If and when such reports are not required to be filed, each Member will be furnished (in a form and manner consistent with then-current requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission), within sixty (60) days after the end of the first six (6) months of the Company’s fiscal year, an unaudited financial report for that period including a balance sheet, a statement of income, a statement of members’ equity and a cash flow statement. Such reports shall also include such other information as is deemed reasonably necessary by the Managers to advise the Members of the activities of the Company during the quarter covered by the report.
Section 13.6.Filings. The Managers, at Company expense, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the income tax returns for the Company to be prepared and timely filed with the appropriate authorities (with due regard for any extension of time for filing any such income tax returns as elected by the Managers). The Managers, at Company expense, shall also use commercially reasonable efforts to cause to be prepared and timely filed, with appropriate federal and state regulatory and administrative bodies, all reports required to be filed with those entities under then current applicable laws, rules and regulations. The reports shall be prepared by the accounting or reporting basis required by the regulatory bodies. Any Member shall be provided with a copy of any of the reports upon request without expense to him or her. The Managers, at Company expense, shall file, with the Administrators for the various states in which this Company is registered, as required by such states, a copy of each report referred to in this Article XIII.
Section 13.7.Method of Accounting. The accrual method of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States shall be used for both income tax purposes and financial reporting purposes;provided, however, the Managers reserve the right to change the method of accounting from time to time, provided that such change is permitted (under the Code and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States) and disclosed in a report publicly filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission or is disclosed in a written notice sent to Members.
ARTICLE XIV
ADVISOR
Section 14.1.Appointment and Initial Investment of Advisor. The Board of Managers is responsible for setting the general policies of the Company and for the general supervision of the Company’s business conducted by officers, agents, employees, advisors or independent contractors of the Company. However, the Managers are not required personally to conduct the business of the Company, and they may (but need not) appoint, employ or contract with any Person (including a Person Affiliated with any Manager) as an Advisor and may grant or delegate such authority to the Advisor as the Board of Managers may, in its sole discretion, deem necessary or desirable. The term of retention of any Advisor shall not exceed one (1) year, although there is no limit to the number of times that a particular Advisor may be retained. The Advisor or its Affiliates have made an initial aggregate investment of $200,000 in the Company. The Advisor or any such Affiliate may not sell this initial investment while the Advisor remains the Advisor but may transfer the initial investment to other Affiliates.
Section 14.2.Supervision of Advisor Compensation and the Advisor.
(a) The Board of Managers shall review and evaluate the qualifications of the Advisor before entering into, and shall evaluate the performance of the Advisor before renewing, an Advisory Agreement and the criteria
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used in such evaluation shall be reflected in the minutes of meetings of the Board of Managers. All agreements between the Advisor and the Company must be approved by a majority of the Independent Managers. The Board of Managers may exercise broad discretion in allowing the Advisor to administer and regulate the operations of the Company, to act as agent for the Company, to execute documents on behalf of the Company and to make executive decisions that conform to general policies and principles established by the Board of Managers. The Board of Managers shall monitor the Advisor to assure that the administrative procedures, operations and programs of the Company are in the best interests of the Members and are fulfilled and that (i) the expenses incurred are reasonable in light of the investment performance of the Company, its net assets and net income, (ii) all Front End Fees shall be reasonable and shall not exceed eighteen percent (18%) of the Gross Proceeds of any offering, regardless of the source of payment, and (iii) the percentage of Gross Proceeds of any offering committed to Investment in Company Assets shall be at least eighty-two percent (82%). All items of compensation to underwriters or dealers, including, but not limited to, selling commissions, expenses, rights of first refusal, consulting fees, finders’ fees and all other items of compensation of any kind or description paid by the Company, directly or indirectly, shall be taken into consideration in computing the amount of allowable Front End Fees.
(b) The Board of Managers is responsible for determining that compensation paid to the Advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and the investment performance of the Company and that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement entered into with the Advisor (the “Advisory Agreement”) are being carried out. All agreements between the Advisor and the Company must be approved by a majority of the Independent Managers. The Board of Managers may consider all factors that they deem relevant in making these determinations.
Section 14.3.Fiduciary Obligations. Any investment advisory agreement with the Advisor shall provide that the Advisor has a fiduciary responsibility to the Company and to the Members.
Section 14.4.Termination. The Advisor may not voluntarily withdraw from the Company without one hundred and twenty (120) days prior written notice. If the Advisor fails to give such notice, the withdrawing Advisor shall pay all expenses incurred as a result of its withdrawal. Upon termination of the Advisory Agreement, the Company may be required to pay to the terminated Advisor all amounts then accrued and owing.
Section 14.5.Organization and Offering Expenses Limitation. Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Managers, the Company shall reimburse the Advisor and its Affiliates for Organization and Offering Expenses incurred by the Advisor or its Affiliates;provided, however, that the total amount of all Organization and Offering Expenses shall be reasonable and shall be included in Front End Fees for purposes of the limit on such Front End Fees set forth in Section 14.2.
Section 14.6. Reimbursement for Operating Expenses.
(a) Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Managers, and subject to Section 14.6(b) below, the Company may reimburse the Advisor or its Affiliates, at the end of each fiscal quarter, for goods and services, including, but not limited to, impact monitoring services and Acquisition Expenses. The Advisor may be reimbursed for the administrative services necessary to the prudent operation of the Company;provided, the reimbursement shall be the lower of the Advisor’s actual cost or the amount the Company would be required to pay Persons other than the Advisor’s Affiliates for comparable administrative services in the same geographic location;and provided, further, that such costs are reasonably allocated to the Company on the basis of assets, revenues, time records or other method conforming with generally accepted accounting principles. Except as otherwise provided herein, no reimbursement shall be permitted for services for which the Advisor is entitled to compensation by way of a separate fee.
(b) Excluded from the allowable reimbursement shall be: (i) rent or depreciation, utilities, capital equipment and similar items; and (ii) salaries, fringe benefits, travel expenses and similar items incurred or
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allocated to any controlling person of the Advisor. For purposes of this Section 14.6, “controlling person” means persons with responsibilities similar to those of an executive, or a member of the Board of Managers, or any person who holds more than ten percent (10%) of the Advisor’s equity securities or who has the power to control the Advisor.
Section 14.7.Section 707 Compliance. Any fees paid to a Member (including those pursuant to this Article XIV) shall be treated as payments governed by Section 707 of the Code.
ARTICLE XV
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND LIMITATIONS
Section 15.1.Review of Policies. The Independent Managers shall review the investment and borrowing policies of the Company with sufficient frequency (and, upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, at least annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Company at any time are in the best interests of its Members. Each such determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Managers.
Section 15.2.Certain Permitted Investments. Until such time as the Units are Listed, the Company may invest in Joint Ventures with an Affiliated Person if a majority of Managers (including a majority of Independent Managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction, approve such investment as being fair and reasonable to the Company and on terms substantially similar to the terms of third parties making comparable investments.
Section 15.3.Reinvestment of Proceeds.Reinvestment of proceeds resulting from the sale or refinancing of a Company Asset may take place if sufficient cash will be distributed to pay federal income tax, if any (assuming investors are in a specified tax bracket) created by the sale or refinancing of such Asset. To the extent that any cash available for distribution is reinvested, such reinvested cash shall not be considered “investments” in the Company for the purposes of calculating Capital Contributions.
Section 15.4.Investments in Other Programs
(a) The Company shall not invest in general partnerships or joint ventures with non-Affiliates that own and operate specific assets, unless the Company, alone or together with any publicly registered Affiliate of the Company meeting the requirements of subsection (b) below, acquires a controlling interest in such a general partnership or joint venture, but in no event shall the Advisor be entitled to duplicate fees;provided, however that the foregoing is not intended to prevent the Company from investing and reinvesting its assets in securities of other issuers. For purposes of this Section 15.4, “controlling interest” means an equity interest possessing the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the general partnership or joint venture, including the authority to: (i) review all contracts entered into by the general partnership or joint venture that will have a material effect on its business or assets; (ii) cause a sale or refinancing of the assets or its interest therein subject, in certain cases where required by the partnership or joint venture agreement, to limits as to time, minimum amounts and/or a right of first refusal by the joint venture partner or consent of the joint venture partner; (iii) approve budgets and major capital expenditures, subject to a stated minimum amount; (iv) veto any sale or refinancing of the assets, or alternatively, to receive a specified preference on sale or refinancing proceeds; and (v) exercise a right of first refusal on any desired sale or refinancing by the joint venture partner of its interest in the assets, except for transfer to an Affiliate of the joint venture partner.
(b) The Company shall have the authority to invest in general partnerships or joint ventures with other publicly registered Affiliates of the Company if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Affiliate and the Company have substantially identical investment objectives; (ii) there are no duplicate fees to the Advisor; (iii) the compensation payable by the general partnership or joint venture to the Advisor and the Sponsors of each Affiliate that invests in such partnership or joint venture is substantially identical; (iv) each of the Company and
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the Affiliate has a right of first refusal to buy if the other party wishes to sell assets held in the joint venture; (v) the investment of each of the Company and its Affiliate is on substantially the same terms and conditions; and (vi) any prospectus of the Company in use or proposed to be used when such an investment has been made or is contemplated discloses the potential risk of impasse on joint venture decisions since neither the Company nor its Affiliate controls the partnership or joint venture, and the potential risk that while a the Company or its Affiliate may have the right to buy the assets from the partnership or joint venture, it may not have the resources to do so.
(c) The Company shall have the authority to invest in general partnerships or joint ventures with Affiliates other than publicly registered Affiliates of the Company only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the investment is necessary to relieve the Advisor from any commitment to purchase the assets prior to the closing of the offering period of the Company; (ii) there are no duplicate fees to the Advisor; (iii) the investment of each entity is on substantially the same terms and conditions; (iv) the Company has a right of first refusal to buy if the Advisor wishes to sell assets held in the joint venture; and (v) any prospectus of the Company in use or proposed to be used when such an investment has been made or is contemplated discloses the potential risk of impasse on joint venture decisions.
(d) The Company may be structured to conduct operations through separate single-purpose entities managed by the Advisor (multi-tier arrangements);provided that the terms of any such arrangements do not result in the circumvention of any of the requirements or prohibitions contained herein. Any agreements regarding such arrangements shall accompany any prospectus of the Company, if such agreement is then available, and the terms of such agreement shall contain provisions assuring that all of the following restrictions apply: (i) there will be no duplication or increase in Organization and Offering Expenses, fees payable to the Advisor, program expenses or other fees and costs; (ii) there will be no substantive alteration in the fiduciary and contractual relationship between the Advisor, the Company and the Members and (iii) there will be no diminishment in the voting rights of the Members.
(e) Other than as specifically permitted in subsections (b), (c) and (d) above, the Company shall not invest in general partnerships or joint ventures with Affiliates.
(f) The Company shall be permitted to invest in general partnership interests of limited partnerships only if the Company, alone or together with any publicly registered Affiliate of the Company meeting the requirements of subsection (b) above, acquires a “controlling interest” as defined in subsection (a) above, the Advisor is not entitled to any duplicate fees, no additional compensation beyond that permitted under applicable law is paid to the Advisor, and the agreement of limited partnership or other applicable agreement complies with this Section 15.4.
ARTICLE XVI
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Section 16.1.Investments with Affiliates. The Company shall not invest in any asset or company in which the Advisor, any of the Managers or officers or any of their Affiliates has a direct economic interest without a determination by a majority of the Board of Managers (including a majority of the Independent Managers) that such an investment is fair and reasonable to the Company. In addition, with respect to any potential debt investment in a portfolio company in which a sub-advisor has an equity interest, the Advisor must determine, before the investment is made, that the procedures by which this potential debt investment is evaluated and priced are fair and reasonable.
Section 16.2.Voting of Units Owned by Affiliates. The Advisor, the Sponsor, the Managers and officers, and their Affiliates may not vote their Units regarding the removal of any of Affiliates or any other transaction between such Affiliates and the Company. All Units owned by the Advisor, the Sponsor, the Managers and officers, and their Affiliates shall be excluded in determining the requisite percentage of interest in Units necessary to approve a matter on which the Advisor, the Sponsor, the Managers and officers, and their Affiliates, as applicable, may not vote or consent.
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Section 16.3.Purchase of Assets from Affiliates. The Company shall not purchase Assets from the Sponsor, the Advisor, the Managers or any of their Affiliates unless a majority of the Board of Managers (including a majority of the Independent Managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction determines that such transaction is fair and reasonable to the Company and at a price to the Company no greater than the cost of the Assets to the Advisor or its Affiliates or such Manager, unless there is substantial justification for any amount that exceeds such cost and such excess amount is determined to be reasonable. In no event shall the cost of such asset to the Company exceed its current appraised value.
Section 16.4.Sale of Assets to Affiliates. The Company shall not sell or lease Assets to the Sponsor, the Advisor, the Managers or any of their Affiliates without a determination by a majority of the Board of Managers (including a majority of the Independent Managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction, that such transaction is fair and reasonable to the Company.
Section 16.5.Loans to Affiliates. Except for the advancement of funds pursuant to Section 17.3, no loans, credit facilities, credit agreements or otherwise shall be made by the Company to the Advisor or any Affiliate thereof.
Section 16.6.Other Transactions with Affiliates. The Company shall not engage in a transaction with an Affiliated Person unless a majority of the Board of Managers (including a majority of the Independent Managers) not otherwise interested in the transaction concludes that such transactions between the Company and the Sponsor, the Advisor, any of the Managers or any of their Affiliates are fair and reasonable to the Company and on terms and conditions not less favorable to the Company than those available from unaffiliated third parties. The terms pursuant to which any goods or services, other than those services provided pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, are provided to the Company by the Advisor, shall be embodied in a written contract, the material terms of which must be fully disclosed to the Members.
Section 16.7.Exchange of Interests in the Company. The Company may not acquire Assets in exchange for Units or other indicia of ownership in the Company.
Section 16.8.Exclusive Agreement. The Company shall not give the Advisor an exclusive right to sell or exclusive employment to sell Assets for the Company.
Section 16.9.Commissions on Financing, Refinancing or Reinvestment. The Sponsor and the Advisor may only receive commissions on the reinvestment of Cash Flow or proceeds from the sale, exchange or refinancing of Assets to the extent permitted under Section 14.2 and 14.6.
Section 16.10.Rebates, Kickbacks and Reciprocal Arrangements.
(a) No rebates or give-ups may be received by the Sponsor nor may the Sponsor participate in any reciprocal business arrangements which would circumvent the NASAA Omnibus Guidelines or the provisions contained in this Agreement.
(b) The Sponsor may only pay underwriting compensation to a registered broker-dealer or other properly licensed Person.
Section 16.11.Commingling. The funds of the Company shall not be commingled with the funds of any other Person;provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prohibit the Advisor from establishing a master fiduciary account pursuant to which separate subtrust accounts are established for the benefit of Affiliated Programs, if Company funds are protected from claims of such other Programs and/or creditors. The foregoing prohibition shall not apply to investments described in Section 15.2.
Section 16.12.Lending Practices. The Company may not borrow money from the Sponsor, the Advisor, the Managers, or any of their Affiliates, unless a majority of the Board of Managers (including a majority of
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Independent Managers) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve the transaction as being fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to the Company than loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.
Section 16.13.No Permanent Financing. The Advisor shall be prohibited from providing permanent financing for the Company. For purposes of this Section 16.13, “permanent financing” shall mean any financing with a term in excess of 12 months.
ARTICLE XVII
LIABILITY LIMITATION, INDEMNIFICATION
AND TRANSACTIONS WITH THE COMPANY
Section 17.1.Limitation of Member Liability. No Member shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to the Company by reason of being a Member, nor shall any Member be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any person in connection with the property or the affairs of the Company by reason of being a Member.
Section 17.2.Limitation of Liability.
(a) Subject to any non-waivable limitations set forth under Delaware law or in paragraph (b), no Manager or officer of the Company shall be liable to the Company or its Members for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 17.2(a), nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of this Agreement inconsistent with this Section 17.2(a), shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Company shall not provide that the Sponsor, a Manager, the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Advisor (the “Indemnitee”) be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Company, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(i) The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Company.
(ii) The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Company.
(iii) Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Manager (other than an Independent Manager), the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Manager.
(iv) Such agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of the Company’s assets and not from the Members.
Section 17.3.Indemnification.
(a) Subject to any non-waivable limitations set forth under Delaware law or in paragraph (b) or (c) below, the Company shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any individual who is a present or former Manager or officer of the Company and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, (ii) any individual who, while a Manager or officer of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another partnership, corporation, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of
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his or her service in that capacity or (iii) the Advisor or any of its Affiliates acting as an agent of the Company. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided hereby shall vest immediately upon appointment of a Manager, officer, Advisor or an Affiliate. The Company may, with the approval of the Board of Managers or any duly authorized committee thereof, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses. The Board of Managers may take such action as is necessary to carry out this Section 17.3(a). No amendment of this Agreement or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the right of indemnification provided hereunder with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Company shall not provide indemnification for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations as to the Indemnitee, (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which Securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
(c) The Company may not incur the cost of that portion of liability insurance which insures the Advisor or its Affiliates for any liability as to which the Advisor or its Affiliates is prohibited from being indemnified under this section.
(d) The advancement of Company funds to the Advisor or its Affiliates for reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) The legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries.
(ii) The legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a Member or, if by a Member acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement.
(iii) The Advisor or its Affiliates undertake to repay the advanced funds to the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which found not to be entitled to indemnification.
Section 17.4.Express Exculpatory Clauses in Instruments. Neither the Members nor the Managers, officers, employees or agents of the Company shall be liable under any written instrument creating an obligation of the Company by reason of their being Members, Managers, officers, employees or agents of the Company, and all Persons shall look solely to the Company’s Assets for the payment of any claim under or for the performance of that instrument. The omission of the foregoing exculpatory language from any instrument shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such instrument and shall not render any Member, Manager, officer, employee or agent liable thereunder to any third party, nor shall the Managers or any officer, employee or agent of the Company be liable to anyone as a result of such omission.
ARTICLE XVIII
AMENDMENTS
This Agreement is subject to amendment by the affirmative vote or consent of the Majority of the Members in accordance with Sections 5.2 and 11.1, except for amendments which do not adversely affect the rights of the Members;provided, however, that no such amendment shall be permitted if the effect of such amendment would
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be to increase the duties or liabilities of any Manager or Member or diminish the rights or benefits to which any Manager or Member is entitled under this Agreement, without the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the Percentage Interests held by the Members who would be adversely affected thereby (or the consent of a Manager if it will be adversely affected thereby). This Agreement shall in no event be amended to change the limited liability of the Members without the affirmative vote or consent of all of the Members. Any amendment to this Agreement modifying the compensation or Distributions to which the Managers are entitled or which affects the duties of the Managers shall require the consent of the Managers. In addition, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Managers shall have the right to amend this Agreement, without the vote or consent of any of the Members, when:
(a) There is a change in the name of the Company or the amount of the contribution of any Member;
(b) A Person is substituted as a Member;
(c) An additional Member is admitted;
(d) A Person is admitted as a successor or additional Manager in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;
(e) To cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision which may be inconsistent with any other provision, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement which will not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement;
(f) To delete or add any provision of this Agreement required to be so deleted or added by the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission or by a State “Blue Sky” Administrator or similar official, which request will be accepted as a determination by such Administrator or officer that such change is required by the Administrator or official for the benefit or protection of the Members;
(g) To elect for the Company to be governed by any successor Delaware statute governing limited liability companies;
(h) To modify provisions of this Agreement to cause this Agreement to comply with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b); and
(i) To improve, upon advice of counsel, the Company’s position in avoiding being treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under the Code or any other tax position of the Company.
The Managers shall notify the Members within a reasonable time of the adoption of any such amendment, provided that such notice shall be deemed to have been given if the adopted amendment is disclosed in a report that the Company publicly files with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ARTICLE XIX
ROLL-UP TRANSACTIONS
In connection with any proposed Roll-Up Transaction, an appraisal of all of the Company’s Assets shall be obtained from an Independent Expert. The Company’s Assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal shall be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and shall indicate the value of the Assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-Up Transaction. The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of the Assets over a 12-month period. The terms of the engagement of the Independent Expert shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of the Company and the Members. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to Members in connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction. If the appraisal will be included in a
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prospectus used to offer the securities of a Roll-up Entity, the appraisal will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission and with any state where such securities are registered. In connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction, the Person sponsoring the Roll-Up Transaction shall offer to holder of Units who vote against the proposed Roll-Up Transaction the choice of:
(a) accepting the securities of a Roll-Up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-Up Transaction; or
(b) one of the following:
(i) remaining as Members of the Company and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or
(ii) receiving cash in an amount equal to the Members’ pro rata share of the appraised value of the net assets of the Company.
The Company is prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-Up Transaction:
(c) that would result in the holder of Units having voting rights in a Roll-Up Entity that are less than the rights provided for in Sections 11.1 and 12.1 of this Agreement;
(d) which includes provisions that would operate as a material impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of Units by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-Up Entity (except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-Up Entity), or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-Up Entity on the basis of the number of Units held by that investor;
(e) in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-Up Entity will be less than those required by the laws of the state in which the Roll-Up Entity was formed; or
(f) in which any of the costs of the Roll-Up Transaction would be borne by the Company if the Roll-Up Transaction is rejected by the holders of Units.
ARTICLE XX
DURATION AND DISSOLUTION OF THE COMPANY
Section 20.1.Duration. The Company shall continue perpetually unless terminated pursuant to Section 20.3 or pursuant to any applicable provision of the Act.
Section 20.2.Authority of Managers. Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Units at the time outstanding, the Board of Managers shall have the power to dissolve or liquidate the Company;provided; however, that except as otherwise permitted by law, such action shall have been approved, at a meeting of the Members called for that purpose, by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of the Units then outstanding and entitled to vote thereon (other than a sale in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, as to which no such vote is required).
Section 20.3.Dissolution.
(a) The Company may be dissolved upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Units entitled to vote thereon. Upon the dissolution of the Company:
(i) The Company shall carry on no business except for the purpose of winding up its affairs.
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(ii) The Board of Managers shall proceed to wind up the affairs of the Company and all of the powers of the Board of Managers under this Agreement shall continue, including the powers to fulfill or discharge the Company’s contracts, collect its Assets, sell, convey, assign, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the remaining property of the Company to one or more persons at public or private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in part of cash, securities or other property of any kind, discharge or pay its liabilities and do all other acts appropriate to liquidate its business.
(iii) In connection with the winding up of the affairs of the Company, the Board of Managers shall liquidate the Assets as promptly as is consistent with obtaining current fair market value of such Assets.
(iv) After paying or adequately providing for the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and agreements as they deem necessary for their protection, the Company may distribute the remaining property of the Company among the Members so that after payment in full or the setting apart for payment of such preferential amounts, if any, to which the holders of any Units at the time outstanding shall be entitled, the remaining property of the Company shall, subject to any participating or similar rights of Units at the time outstanding, be distributed among the holders of Units at the time outstanding pursuant to the priorities set forth in Section 9.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b) Upon completion of the distribution of the Company property as provided in Section 20.3(a), the Board of Managers shall cause the filing of a certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and of all qualifications and registrations of the Company as a foreign limited liability company in jurisdictions in which the Company shall be qualified to transact business, and shall take such other actions as may be necessary to terminate the Company.
ARTICLE XXI
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 21.1.Covenant to Sign Documents. Each Member covenants, for himself or herself and his or her successors and assigns, to execute, with acknowledgment or verification, if required, any and all certificates, documents and other writings which may be necessary or expedient to form the Company and to achieve its purposes, including, without limitation, the Certificate and all amendments thereto, and all such filings, records or publications necessary or appropriate laws of any jurisdiction in which the Company shall conduct its business.
Section 21.2.Notices. Except as otherwise expressly provided for in this Agreement, all notices which any Member may desire or may be required to give any other Members shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given when delivered personally or when deposited in the United States mail, first-class postage pre-paid. Notices to Members shall be addressed to the Members at the last address shown on the Company records. Notices to the Managers or to the Company shall be delivered to the Company’s principal place of business, as set forth in Article V above or as hereafter charged as provided herein.
Section 21.3.Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire Agreement between the parties and supersedes any and all prior agreements and representations, either oral or in writing, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter contained herein.
Section 21.4.Waiver. No waiver by any party hereto of any breach of, or default under, this Agreement by any other party shall be construed or deemed a waiver of any other breach of or default under this Agreement, and shall not preclude any party from exercising or asserting any rights under this Agreement with respect to any other.
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Section 21.5.Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or condition of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.
Section 21.6.Application of Delaware law. This Agreement and the application or interpretation thereof shall be governed, construed, and enforced exclusively by its terms and by the law of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely in such state.
Section 21.7.Captions. Section titles or captions contained in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope of this Agreement.
Section 21.8.Number and Gender. Whenever the singular number is used in this Agreement and when required by the context, the same shall include the plural, and the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders.
Section 21.9.Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, any or all of which may be signed by a Manager on behalf of the Members as their attorney-in-fact.
Section 21.10.Waiver of Action for Partition. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably waives during the term of the Company any right that it may have to maintain any action for partition with respect to any property of the Company or to cause the Company to be dissolved or liquidated.
Section 21.11.Assignability. Each and all of the covenants, terms, provisions and arguments herein contained shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the respective parties hereto, subject to the requirements of Article X.
Section 21.12.No Third Party Beneficiaries. For the avoidance of doubt, except for the Indemnitees, there are no intended or unintended third party beneficiaries of this Agreement (it being understood that each Indemnitee is an express third party beneficiary with respect to the provisions of this Agreement applicable to them as if they were parties to this Agreement).
[signature page follows]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement to be signed, and attested to, on this 28th day of March, 2016.
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MEMBER: |
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TRILINC ADVISORS, LLC |
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By: | | /s/ Gloria S. Nelund |
Name: | | Gloria S. Nelund |
Title: | | Chairman & Chief Executive Officer |
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APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX C
TRILINC GLOBAL IMPACT FUND, LLC
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), has adopted the following Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “DRP”). Capitalized terms shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Company’s Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement, as such agreement may be amended (“Operating Agreement”) unless otherwise defined herein.
1. Distribution Reinvestment. As an agent for the unitholders (“Unitholders”) of the Company who purchase units of the Company’s limited liability company interests (the “Units”) pursuant to an offering by the Company (“Offering”), and who elect to participate in the DRP (the “Participants”), the Company will apply all or a portion of cash distributions, other than Designated Special Distributions (as defined below), (“Distributions”), including Distributions paid with respect to any full or fractional Units acquired under the DRP, to the purchase of the Units for such Participants directly, if permitted under state securities laws and, if not, through the Dealer Manager or Soliciting Dealers registered in the Participant’s state of residence. The Units purchased pursuant to the DRP shall be of the same Unit class as the Units with respect to which the Participant is receiving cash distributions to be reinvested through DRP. As used in the DRP, the term “Designated Special Distributions” shall mean those cash or other distributions designated as Designated Special Distributions by the Board of Managers.
2. Participation. Any Unitholder who owns Units and who has received a prospectus, as contained in the Company’s Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”), may elect to become a Participant by completing and executing a subscription agreement, an enrollment form or any other appropriate authorization form as may be available from the Company from time to time. Participation in the DRP will begin with the next Distribution payable after receipt of a Participant’s subscription, enrollment or authorization, provided such subscription, enrollment or authorization is received at least 15 business days prior to the last day of the calendar month. Units will be purchased under the DRP on the date that Distributions are paid by the Company. Each Participant agrees that if, at any time prior to the listing of the Units on a national securities exchange, he or she does not meet the minimum income and net worth standards established for making an investment in the Company or cannot make the other representations or warranties set forth in the subscription agreement or other applicable enrollment form, he or she will promptly so notify the Company in writing.
Participation in the DRP shall continue until such participation is terminated in writing by the Participant pursuant to Section 7 below
3. Unit Purchases.Any purchases of Units pursuant to the DRP will be dependent on the continued registration of the securities or the availability of an exemption from registration in the Participant’s home state. Each class of units under DRP will be initially sold at $9.025 per unit until such time as the Company commences valuations of its assets during the first full quarter following the satisfaction of the minimum offering requirement and, thereafter, at the price equal to the then current offering price per each class of Units, less the sales fees associated with that class of Units in the primary offering. Participants in the DRP may also purchase fractional Units so that 100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire Units. However, a Participant will not be able to acquire DRP Units to the extent that any such purchase would cause such Participant to violate any provision of the Operating Agreement. Units issued pursuant to the DRP will have the same voting rights as the Units offered in the primary offering.
Units to be distributed by the Company in connection with the DRP may (but are not required to) be supplied from: (a) the DRP Units which are being registered with the Commission in connection with the Offering, (b) Units to be registered with the Commission after the Offering for use in the DRP (a “Future Registration”), or (c) Units purchased by the Company for the DRP in a secondary market (if available) or on a
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securities exchange (if listed) (collectively, the “Secondary Market”). Units purchased on the Secondary Market as set forth in (c) above will be purchased at the then-prevailing market price, which price will be utilized for purposes of purchases of Units in the DRP. Units acquired by the Company on the Secondary Market will have a price per unit equal to the then-prevailing market price, which shall equal the price on the securities exchange, or over-the-counter market on which such Units are listed at the date of purchase if such Units are then listed. If Units are not so listed, the Board of Managers will determine the price at which Units will be issued under the DRP.
If the Company acquires Units in the Secondary Market for use in the DRP, the Company shall use reasonable efforts to acquire Units for use in the DRP at the lowest price then reasonably available. However, the Company does not in any respect guarantee or warrant that the Units so acquired and purchased by the Participant in the DRP will be at the lowest possible price. Further, irrespective of the Company’s ability to acquire Units in the Secondary Market or to complete a Future Registration for Units to be used in the DRP, the Company is in no way obligated to do either, in its sole discretion.
4. Timing of Purchases.The plan administrator will make every reasonable effort to reinvest all Distributions on the day the cash distribution is paid, except where necessary for the Company to comply with applicable securities laws.If, for any reason beyond the control of the plan administrator, reinvestment of the Distribution cannot be completed within 30 days after the applicable distribution payment date, Participants’ funds held by the plan administrator will be distributed to the Participants.
5. Taxation of Distributions.The reinvestment of Distributions does not relieve the Participant of any taxes which may be payable as a result of those Distributions and their reinvestment in Units pursuant to the terms of the DRP.
6.Commissions.The Company will not pay any selling commissions or Dealer Manager fees in connection with Units sold pursuant to the DRP. The distribution fee is payable with respect to all Class C units, including Class C units issued under our distribution reinvestment plan, and will result in lower cash distributions with respect to the Class C units than the cash distributions with respect to Class A and Class I units.
7. Termination by Participant.A Participant may terminate participation in the DRP at any time by written instructions to that effect to the plan administrator.To be effective on a distribution payment date, the notice of termination must be received by the plan administrator at least 15 days before that distribution payment date.Prior to listing of the Units on a national securities exchange, any transfer of Units by a Participant to a non-Participant will terminate participation in the DRP with respect to the transferred Units. Upon termination of DRP participation, future Distributions, if any, will be distributed to the Unitholder in cash.
All correspondence concerning the plan should be directed to the plan administrator by mail at DST Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 219312, Kansas City, MO 64121-9312.
8. Amendment or Termination by the Company. The Company reserves the right to amend, suspend or terminate the DRP any time by the giving of written notice to each Participant at least 10 days prior to the effective date of the amendment, supplement or termination.
9. No Unit Certificates.The ownership of the Units purchased through the DRP will be in book-entry form only.
10. Reports.The Company shall provide to each Participant a confirmation at least once every calendar quarter showing the number of Units owned by such Participant at the beginning of the covered period, the amount of the Distributions paid in the covered period and the number of Units owned at the end of the covered period. During each fiscal quarter, but in no event later than 30 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, the Company’s transfer agent will mail and/or make electronically available to each Participant, a statement of
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account describing, as to such Participant, the distributions received during such quarter, the number of Units purchased during such quarter, and the per unit purchase price for such Units.
11. Liability of the Company.The Company shall not be liable for any act done in good faith, or for any good faith omission to act, including, without limitation, any claims or liability: (a) arising out of failure to terminate a Participant’s account upon such Participant’s death prior to receipt of notice in writing of such death; and (b) with respect to the time and the prices at which Units are purchased or sold for Participant’s account.
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APPENDIX D
TRILINC GLOBAL IMPACT FUND, LLC
UNIT REPURCHASE PROGRAM
The Board of Managers of TriLinc Global Impact Fund, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), has adopted a unit repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”), the terms and conditions of which are set forth below. Capitalized terms shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Company’s Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement, as such agreement may be amended, unless otherwise defined herein.
1. Effective Date of Repurchase Program. The Repurchase Program shall become effective beginning twelve months following the date on which the Company raises gross offering proceeds of two million dollars ($2,000,000).
2.Unit Repurchase. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Repurchase Program, including the limitations on repurchases set forth in paragraph 5 and the procedures for repurchases set forth in paragraph 6, the Company shall repurchase such number of Units as requested by a Member on a quarterly basis. A Member may request that the Company repurchase all of the Units owned by such Member.
3.Repurchase Price. The price at which the Company shall repurchase the Units of a Member is equal to the current offering price of the Units, as disclosed in the Company’s prospectus, less the sales fees (consisting of selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) associated with that class of Units.
4.One-year Holding Period. Subject to paragraph 7 below, a Member shall hold his or her units for a minimum of one year before he or she can participate in the Repurchase Program. If a Member made more than one purchase of the Units, the one-year holding period shall be calculated separately with respect to each such purchase.
5.Limitations on Repurchases. The Company’s obligation to repurchase Units hereunder is limited as follows:
a. The Company may repurchase no more than five percent (5%) of the weighted-average number of Units outstanding in any twelve-month period.
b. The Company has no obligation to repurchase Units if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under federal law or Delaware law.
c. All Units to be repurchased under the Repurchase Program must be (i) fully transferable and not be subject to any liens or other encumbrances and (ii) free from any restrictions on transfer. If the Company determines that a lien or other encumbrance or restriction exists against the Units requested to be repurchased, the Company shall not repurchase any such Units.
Unless the Board of Managers determines otherwise, the Company shall limit the number of Units to be repurchased during any calendar year to the number of Units the Company can repurchase with the proceeds the Company receives from the sale of Units under the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan. At the sole discretion of the Board of Managers, the Company may also use cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidation of investments as of the end of the applicable quarter to repurchase Units.
6.Procedures for Repurchase. The Company shall repurchase Units on the last day of each quarter (the “Repurchase Date”). As of the Repurchase Date, repurchased Units shall cease earning distributions notwithstanding the fact that the repurchase payment for such Units may have not yet have been remitted to the former holder of such Units.
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For a Member’s Units to be eligible for repurchase in a given quarter, the Company must receive a written repurchase request from the Member or from an authorized representative of the Member setting forth the number of Units requested to be repurchased at least five business days before the Repurchase Date. Members may contact the Company to receive required repurchase forms and instructions concerning required signature. If the Company cannot repurchase all Units presented for repurchase in any quarter because of the limitations on repurchases set forth in paragraph 5, then the Company shall honor repurchase requests on a pro rata basis.
If the Company does not completely satisfy a repurchase request at quarter-end because the Company did not receive the request in time or because of the limitations on repurchases set forth in paragraph 5, then the Company shall treat the unsatisfied portion of the repurchase request as a request for repurchase at the next Repurchase Date, unless the repurchase request is withdrawn. Any Member can withdraw a repurchase request by sending written notice to the Company, provided that such notice is received at least five business days before the Repurchase Date.
7.Special Provisions upon a Member’s Death or Disability. The Company shall treat repurchase requests made upon a Member’s death or disability differently, as follows: The one-year holding period requirement set forth in paragraph 4 above shall be waived. The Company shall not be obligated to repurchase Units if more than 360 days have elapsed since the date of the death or disability of the Member and, in the case of disability, if the Member fails to provide an opinion of a qualified independent physician. For purposes of the Repurchase Program, a disability shall be deemed to have occurred when a Member suffers a disability for a period of time, as determined by the Board of Managers and confirmed by a qualified independent physician.
8.Termination, Suspension or Amendment of the Repurchase Program by the Company. The Board of Managers has the right to amend, suspend or terminate the Repurchase Program. The Company shall promptly notify Members of any changes to the Repurchase Program, including any suspension or termination of it, in the Company’s periodic or current reports filed with the SEC or by means of other notice.
The Repurchase Program shall terminate on the date that the Units are listed on a national securities exchange, are included for quotation in a national securities market or, in the sole determination of the Board of Managers, a secondary trading market for the Units otherwise develops.
9.Liability of the Company. The Company shall not be liable for any act done in good faith or for any good faith omission to act.
10.Governing Law. The Repurchase Program shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware.
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UP TO $1,500,000,000 IN UNITS
PROSPECTUS
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If any such information or statements are given or made, you should not rely upon such information or representation. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This prospectus speaks as of the date set forth above. You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.