The New Economy Fund®
[photo of a red flower among a field of lavender plants]
Special feature
Fundamental research: How your fund’s investment analysts work to uncover opportunity
„ See page 6
Annual report for the year ended November 30, 2010
The New Economy Fund seeks long-term growth of capital by investing in securities of companies that can benefit from innovation, exploit new technologies or provide products and services that meet the demands of an evolving global economy.
This fund is one of the 32 American Funds. American Funds is one of the nation’s largest mutual fund families. For nearly 80 years, Capital Research and Management Company,SM the American Funds adviser, has invested with a long-term focus based on thorough research and attention to risk.
Fund results shown in this report, unless otherwise indicated, are for Class A shares at net asset value. If a sales charge (maximum 5.75%) had been deducted, the results would have been lower. Results are for past periods and are not predictive of results for future periods. Current and future results may be lower or higher than those shown. Share prices and returns will vary, so investors may lose money. Investing for short periods makes losses more likely. Investments are not FDIC-insured, nor are they deposits of or guaranteed by a bank or any other entity, so they may lose value. For current information and month-end results, visit americanfunds.com.
Here are the average annual total returns on a $1,000 investment with all distributions reinvested for periods ended December 31, 2010 (the most recent calendar quarter-end): |
| | | | | | | | | |
Class A shares | | 1 year | | | 5 years | | | 10 years | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Reflecting 5.75% maximum sales charge | | | 6.89 | % | | | 2.88 | % | | | 2.12 | % |
The total annual fund operating expense ratio was 0.86% for Class A shares as of the most recent fiscal year-end.
Investment results assume all distributions are reinvested and reflect applicable fees and expenses. The fund’s investment adviser waived a portion of its management fees from September 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008. Applicable fund results shown reflect the waiver, without which they would have been lower. See the Financial Highlights table on pages 27 and 28 for details.
Results for other share classes can be found on page 3.
Equity investments are subject to market fluctuations. Investing outside the United States may be subject to additional risks, such as currency fluctuations and political instability. These risks may be weighted in connection with investments in developing countries. Global diversification can help reduce these risks. Investing in small-capitalization stocks can involve additional risks. See the prospectus and the Risk Factors section of this report for more information on these and other risks associated with investing in the fund.
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In this report | |
| |
| Special feature |
| |
6 | Fundamental research: How your fund’s investment analysts work to uncover opportunity |
| |
| Contents |
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1 | Letter to shareholders |
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4 | The value of a long-term perspective |
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12 | Summary investment portfolio |
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17 | Financial statements |
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35 | Board of trustees and other officers |
[End Sidebar]
Fellow shareholders:
[photo of a red flower among a field of lavender plants]
During The New Economy Fund’s fiscal year, the global economy regained some balance, with confidence sparked by rising corporate profits and better consumer sentiment. Despite lingering worries that included high unemployment rates in the U.S. and other developed countries, sovereign debt crises in Europe and credit tightening in China, markets ended the fiscal year stronger.
The New Economy Fund returned 11.3% for the year ended November 30, 2010, better than the 6.0% return of the Global Service and Information Index. This unmanaged index tracks companies in the services and information sectors around the world; its results do not include expenses. The fund also surpassed the 10.0% return of the unmanaged Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index, a broad measure of U.S. stocks. In contrast, the fund’s results lagged the 18.3% return of the Lipper Multi-Cap Growth Funds Index, which measures 30 growth funds representing a variety of market capitalizations. Over longer time periods, The New Economy Fund has had stronger returns than these indexes, as shown in the five-year, 10-year and lifetime results in the table below.
Equity markets rallied around the world in the first part of the year on promising economic news, then suffered setbacks in late spring and summer as concerns about the financial stability of several European nations had a ripple effect. Stocks rebounded later in the year on upbeat corporate earnings and increased consumer sentiment. Ongoing uncertainty about world economic growth was a cause for much of the high volatility throughout the year. The developed world faced difficulties including crises in fiscally overburdened European countries and sluggish growth in the United States. Developing countries faced different concerns, including currency flows, inflationary pressures and higher interest rates.
The specter of a crisis prompted by sovereign debt problems in Greece, Ireland, Spain and other countries led to stock market volatility throughout the year. Several central banks renewed their commitment to accommodative policies, designed to stimulate growth by lowering interest rates or putting money into the economy. Portugal, Ireland and others were still showing signs of financial stress but toward year-end investors appeared to believe that the worst had passed in Europe. Robust corporate profits and a pickup in merger-and-acquisition activity also boosted equity markets globally.
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Results at a glance (for periods ended November 30, 2010, with all distributions reinvested) | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total returns | | | Average annual total returns | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Lifetime | |
| | 1 year | | | 5 years | | | 10 years | | | (since 12/1/83) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The New Economy Fund (Class A shares) | | | 11.34 | % | | | 3.59 | % | | | 2.32 | % | | | 10.67 | % |
Lipper Multi-Cap Growth Funds Index1 | | | 18.29 | | | | 2.39 | | | | –0.03 | | | | 9.13 | |
Global Service and Information Index2,3 | | | 6.00 | | | | –0.26 | | | | –0.04 | | | | N/A | |
Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index3 | | | 9.96 | | | | 0.99 | | | | 0.81 | | | | 10.24 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1 The results of the underlying funds in the index include the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions, as well as brokerage commissions paid by the funds for portfolio transactions and other fund expenses, but do not reflect the effect of sales charges, account fees or taxes. |
2 The index is compiled by Capital Research and Management Company, the investment adviser to the fund. |
3 This index is unmanaged and its results include reinvested dividends and/or distributions, but do not reflect the effect of sales charges, commissions, account fees, expenses or taxes. |
[End Sidebar]
Signals were also positive but mixed in the U.S., where gross domestic product rose for five consecutive quarters through the third quarter of 2010; however, the growth was not sufficient to bring unemployment down. The unemployment rate lingered near 10%, the threat of inflation remained benign and interest rates were near historic lows.
Portfolio review
The New Economy Fund’s investment professionals embrace a long-term investment philosophy. The fund looks for promising companies in all sizes — small-, mid- and large-capitalization — as well as across geographic borders and industry sectors. Through fundamental analysis, they look for solid companies with strong balance sheets and the potential for solid growth. (For more details about our methods of securities analysis, see the feature “Fundamental research: How your fund’s investment analysts work to uncover opportunity” beginning on page 6.)
A main theme to the year was recovery. Many economically sensitive companies, such as airlines, railroads and other transportation, did particularly well. Retail is often one of the first areas to recover after a recession, when demand starts to pick up after a period of contraction.
Financial stocks, which had seen dramatic falls during the crisis, showed mixed results, with some companies recovering and others falling. This reflected the split between still-roiling sovereign debt issues in Europe and the fast-growing developing nations. Indeed, this sector — which makes up 17.9% of the fund — showed some of the best results and some of the worst during the year. Information technology companies made up the largest sector of the portfolio, reflecting the continued growth trends in the industry, comprising 24.3% of the fund’s net assets. Roughly 58.9% of the fund’s net assets were invested in U.S. equities, up from 54.4% when the period began. The fund had 33.3% of net assets invested in companies domiciled outside the U.S., down from the previous year 217;s 39.2%. This largely reflected a move away from Europe.
Looking ahead
Many U.S. companies are setting the stage for the future, now on solid financial ground, after trimming costs, strengthening balance sheets and accumulating cash reserves. As businesses become more confident, we believe they will increase their borrowing, hiring and investing. The global economy is healing and growing, although it remains fragile. It will likely continue to encounter surprises, and volatility will probably remain high for some time.
As always, we believe in taking a long-term perspective. We look past the short-term movements in market direction and view volatility as an opportunity to buy great companies at lower prices. We are optimistic about finding solid companies that have the potential to benefit from innovation, new technology and expanding markets. We are committed to our disciplined, long-term investment strategy based on fundamental research and individual stock-picking, choosing each company carefully.
Thank you for your continued confidence in our investment philosophy.
Sincerely,
/s/ Timothy D. Armour
Timothy D. Armour
Vice Chairman of the Board
/s/ Claudia P. Huntington
Claudia P. Huntington
President
January 12, 2011
For current information about the fund, visit americanfunds.com.
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Where the fund’s assets are invested (percent of net assets) | | |
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As of November 30, 2010 | | | |
| | | |
United States | | | 58.9 | % |
| | | | |
Asia & Pacific Basin | | | 14.9 | |
| | | | |
Europe | | | 14.2 | |
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Other (including Latin America) | | | 4.2 | |
| | | | |
Short-term securities & other assets less liabilities | | | 7.8 | |
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[begin pie chart]
As of November 30, 2009 | | | |
| | | |
United States | | | 54.4 | % |
| | | | |
Asia & Pacific Basin | | | 12.3 | |
| | | | |
Europe | | | 19.8 | |
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Other (including Latin America) | | | 7.1 | |
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Short-term securities & other assets less liabilities | | | 6.4 | |
[end pie chart]
[End Sidebar]
Other share class results
Classes B, C, F and 529
Fund results shown are for past periods and are not predictive of results for future periods. Current and future results may be lower or higher than those shown. Share prices and returns will vary, so investors may lose money. For current information and month-end results, visit americanfunds.com.
Average annual total returns for periods ended December 31, 2010 (the most recent calendar quarter-end): | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | 10 years1/ | |
| | 1 year | | | 5 years | | | Life of class | |
Class B shares2 | | | | | | | | | |
Reflecting applicable contingent deferred sales charge | | | | | | | | | |
(CDSC), maximum of 5%, payable only if shares | | | | | | | | | |
are sold within six years of purchase | | | 7.52 | % | | | 2.96 | % | | | 2.09 | % |
Not reflecting CDSC | | | 12.52 | | | | 3.31 | | | | 2.09 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class C shares — first sold 3/15/01 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reflecting CDSC, maximum of 1%, payable only | | | | | | | | | | | | |
if shares are sold within | | | | | | | | | | | | |
one year of purchase | | | 11.53 | | | | 3.30 | | | | 3.04 | |
Not reflecting CDSC | | | 12.53 | | | | 3.30 | | | | 3.04 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class F-1 shares3 — first sold 3/15/01 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Not reflecting annual asset-based fee charged | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by sponsoring firm | | | 13.41 | | | | 4.11 | | | | 3.86 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class F-2 shares3 — first sold 8/1/08 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Not reflecting annual asset-based fee charged | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by sponsoring firm | | | 13.66 | | | | — | | | | 6.28 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class 529-A shares4 — first sold 2/15/02 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reflecting 5.75% maximum sales charge | | | 6.80 | | | | 2.85 | | | | 5.35 | |
Not reflecting maximum sales charge | | | 13.34 | | | | 4.08 | | | | 6.06 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class 529-B shares2,4 — first sold 2/19/02 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reflecting applicable CDSC, maximum of 5%, payable | | | | | | | | | | | | |
only if shares are sold within six years of purchase | | | 7.40 | | | | 2.84 | | | | 5.51 | |
Not reflecting CDSC | | | 12.40 | | | | 3.20 | | | | 5.51 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class 529-C shares4 — first sold 2/21/02 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reflecting CDSC, maximum of 1%, payable only | | | | | | | | | | | | |
if shares are sold within one year of purchase | | | 11.40 | | | | 3.21 | | | | 5.59 | |
Not reflecting CDSC | | | 12.40 | | | | 3.21 | | | | 5.59 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class 529-E shares3,4 — first sold 3/15/02 | | | 12.99 | | | | 3.74 | | | | 5.01 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class 529-F-1 shares3,4 — first sold 10/11/02 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Not reflecting annual asset-based fee charged | | | | | | | | | | | | |
by sponsoring firm | | | 13.58 | | | | 4.27 | | | | 11.05 | |
| 1Applicable to Class B shares only. All other share classes reflect results for the life of the class. |
| 2These shares are not available for purchase. |
| 3These shares are sold without any initial or contingent deferred sales charge. |
| 4Results shown do not reflect the $10 account setup fee and an annual $10 account maintenance fee. |
Investment results assume all distributions are reinvested and reflect applicable fees and expenses. The fund’s investment adviser waived a portion of its management fees from September 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008. Applicable fund results shown reflect the waiver, without which they would have been lower. See the Financial Highlights table on pages 27 and 28 for details that include expense ratios for all share classes.
For information regarding the differences among the various share classes, refer to the fund’s prospectus.
The value of a long-term perspective
Fund results shown are for Class A shares and reflect deduction of the maximum sales charge of 5.75% on the $10,000 investment.1 Thus, the net amount invested was $9,425.2 Results are for past periods and are not predictive of results for future periods. Current and future results may be lower or higher than those shown. Share prices and returns will vary, so investors may lose money. For current information and month-end results, visit americanfunds.com.
Here’s how a $10,000 investment in The New Economy Fund’s Class A shares grew between December 1, 1983 — when the fund began operations — and November 30, 2010, the end of its latest fiscal year. As you can see, the $10,000 would have increased to $145,551 after deducting the maximum 5.75% sales charge and reinvesting all distributions, an average annual increase of 10.4%. The fund’s year-by-year results appear under the chart.
Average annual total returns based on a $1,000 investment (for periods ended November 30, 2010)* | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Class A shares: | | | | | | | | | |
| | 1 year | | | 5 years | | | 10 years | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 4.95 | % | | | 2.37 | % | | | 1.72 | % |
*Assumes reinvestment of all distributions and payment of the maximum 5.75% sales charge. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment results assume all distributions are reinvested and reflect applicable fees and expenses. The fund’s investment adviser waived a portion of its management fees from September 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008. Applicable fund results shown reflect the waiver, without which they would have been lower. See the Financial Highlights table on pages 27 and 28 for details.
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| | | | | S&P 500 with dividends reinvested3,4 | | | Lipper Multi-Cap Growth Funds Ind3,5 | | | Consumer Price Index (inflation)6 | |
12/1/1983 | | $ | 9,425 | | | $ | 10,000 | | | $ | 10,000 | | | $ | 10,000 | |
11/30/1984 | | | 9,478 | | | | 10,295 | | | | 9,117 | | | | 10,405 | |
11/30/1985 | | | 13,135 | | | | 13,276 | | | | 11,474 | | | | 10,771 | |
11/30/1986 | | | 15,939 | | | | 16,949 | | | | 14,182 | | | | 10,909 | |
11/30/1987 | | | 15,082 | | | | 16,154 | | | | 13,143 | | | | 11,403 | |
11/30/1988 | | | 18,449 | | | | 19,915 | | | | 15,718 | | | | 11,887 | |
11/30/1989 | | | 25,252 | | | | 26,047 | | | | 21,465 | | | | 12,441 | |
11/30/1990 | | | 21,871 | | | | 25,143 | | | | 19,635 | | | | 13,221 | |
11/30/1991 | | | 26,395 | | | | 30,246 | | | | 25,951 | | | | 13,617 | |
11/30/1992 | | | 32,619 | | | | 35,823 | | | | 30,838 | | | | 14,032 | |
11/30/1993 | | | 42,601 | | | | 39,433 | | | | 34,947 | | | | 14,407 | |
11/30/1994 | | | 41,348 | | | | 39,845 | | | | 34,809 | | | | 14,792 | |
11/30/1995 | | | 50,949 | | | | 54,560 | | | | 47,089 | | | | 15,178 | |
11/30/1996 | | | 58,591 | | | | 69,753 | | | | 56,344 | | | | 15,672 | |
11/30/1997 | | | 71,268 | | | | 89,635 | | | | 67,444 | | | | 15,958 | |
11/30/1998 | | | 88,183 | | | | 110,844 | | | | 76,462 | | | | 16,206 | |
11/30/1999 | | | 124,962 | | | | 134,002 | | | | 107,933 | | | | 16,630 | |
11/30/2000 | | | 115,668 | | | | 128,346 | | | | 105,958 | | | | 17,204 | |
11/30/2001 | | | 95,236 | | | | 112,670 | | | | 80,512 | | | | 17,530 | |
11/30/2002 | | | 79,002 | | | | 94,072 | | | | 61,957 | | | | 17,915 | |
11/30/2003 | | | 95,764 | | | | 108,259 | | | | 76,078 | | | | 18,231 | |
11/30/2004 | | | 107,251 | | | | 122,166 | | | | 83,259 | | | | 18,874 | |
11/30/2005 | | | 122,035 | | | | 132,473 | | | | 93,933 | | | | 19,526 | |
11/30/2006 | | | 141,138 | | | | 151,311 | | | | 103,032 | | | | 19,911 | |
11/30/2007 | | | 161,965 | | | | 162,985 | | | | 116,323 | | | | 20,768 | |
11/30/2008 | | | 89,610 | | | | 100,921 | | | | 63,806 | | | | 20,991 | |
11/30/2009 | | | 130,728 | | | | 126,539 | | | | 89,407 | | | | 21,376 | |
11/30/2010 | | | 145,551 | | | | 139,142 | | | | 105,757 | | | | 21,621 | |
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Year ended | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
November 30 | | | ’84 | | | | ’85 | | | | ’86 | | | | ’87 | | | | ’88 | | | | ’89 | | | | ’90 | | | | ’91 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
reinvested | | | — | | | $ | 199 | | | | 140 | | | | 367 | | | | 315 | | | | 421 | | | | 565 | | | | 588 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value at | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
year-end2 | | $ | 9,478 | | | | 13,135 | | | | 15,939 | | | | 15,082 | | | | 18,449 | | | | 25,252 | | | | 21,871 | | | | 26,395 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return | | | (5.2 | )% | | | 38.6 | | | | 21.3 | | | | (5.4 | ) | | | 22.3 | | | | 36.9 | | | | (13.4 | ) | | | 20.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year ended | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
November 30 | | | ’92 | | | | ’93 | | | | ’94 | | | | ’95 | | | | ’96 | | | | ’97 | | | | ’98 | | | | ’99 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
reinvested | | | 327 | | | | 189 | | | | 307 | | | | 516 | | | | 578 | | | | 455 | | | | 421 | | | | 540 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value at | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
year-end2 | | | 32,619 | | | | 42,601 | | | | 41,348 | | | | 50,949 | | | | 58,591 | | | | 71,268 | | | | 88,183 | | | | 124,962 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return | | | 23.6 | | | | 30.6 | | | | (2.9 | ) | | | 23.2 | | | | 15.0 | | | | 21.6 | | | | 23.7 | | | | 41.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year ended | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
November 30 | | | ’00 | | | | ’01 | | | | ’02 | | | | ’03 | | | | ’04 | | | | ’05 | | | | ’06 | | | | ’07 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
reinvested | | | 585 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 58 | | | | 394 | | | | 791 | | | | 1,031 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value at | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
year-end2 | | | 115,668 | | | | 95,236 | | | | 79,002 | | | | 95,764 | | | | 107,251 | | | | 122,035 | | | | 141,138 | | | | 161,965 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return | | | (7.4 | ) | | | (17.7 | ) | | | (17.0 | ) | | | 21.2 | | | | 12.0 | | | | 13.8 | | | | 15.7 | | | | 14.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year ended | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
November 30 | | | ’08 | | | | ’09 | | | | ’10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
reinvested | | | 1,211 | | | | 1,360 | | | | 669 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value at | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
year-end2 | | | 89,610 | | | | 130,728 | | | | 145,551 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NEF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return | | | (44.7 | ) | | | 45.9 | | | | 11.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average annual total return for 27 years:10.4%1
The results shown are before taxes on fund distributions and sale of fund shares.
| 1As outlined in the prospectus, the sales charge is reduced for accounts (and aggregated investments) of $25,000 or more and is eliminated for purchases of $1 million or more. There is no sales charge on dividends or capital gain distributions that are reinvested in additional shares. |
| 2The maximum initial sales charge was 8.5% prior to July 1, 1988. |
| 3All results are calculated with dividends and capital gains reinvested. |
| 4Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index is unmanaged and its results do not reflect the effect of sales charges, commissions, account fees, expenses or taxes. |
| 5This index tracks 30 U.S. growth funds representing a variety of market capitalizations. Results of the Lipper Multi-Cap Growth Funds Index reflect fund expenses but do not reflect the effect of any applicable account fees, taxes or front-end sales charges. If any applicable front-end sales charges were included, results of the index would be lower. |
| 6Computed from data supplied by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
[photo of wild flowers]
Fundamental research:
How your fund’s investment analysts work to uncover opportunity
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At the core of The New Economy Fund’s investment philosophy is fundamental research. The New Economy Fund, as well as all others in the American Funds family, aims to invest in securities that its analysts believe will be worth more over the long term, based on their rigorous investigation of a company’s sales, earnings, assets, products and services, management team and competitive forces, among other factors. The goal is to thoroughly understand a company’s past and present to enable reasonable estimates about the future. The fund’s analysts often look for discrepancies between a stock’s price and the real worth of a business, to identify if a company could be attractive — or unattractive — as an investment for the fund. Determining a company’s worth to a precise degree in an unclear future is difficult, of course, but they look to gain advantage from thorough analysis of the financial statements and understanding of each individual company’s operations and industry framework.
We recently sat down with a few of The New Economy Fund’s investment professionals to learn more about what the concept of “fundamental research” means to them, how it differentiates the fund, and what it means for shareholders. While there are many investment styles represented by different decision-makers in the fund, fundamental research lies at the heart of its approach.
Q: What is fundamental research?
Jessica Spaly: In general, we all take a fundamental approach to investing at American Funds, which means putting together different elements to understand how things for a particular company might change over time. We’re using financial statements, along with other data points, to form a picture of what we think that company can earn over the long term. To do this involves getting to know those companies and management teams and understanding their strategies, as well as understanding the perspectives of those on the outside of a company, including suppliers, customers and regulatory influences. Fundamental research involves understanding the prospects for companies, and thus what they are worth, over a fairly long time frame.
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“I’m looking not at market sentiment or momentum, but at what I think a company is worth over the long term.”
Kristian Stromsoe
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Kristian Stromsoe, 13 years investment experience, covers U.S. and international small-cap companies.
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Taylor Hinshaw, 12 years investment experience, covers financials and consumer cyclicals, as well as convertible securities.
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Kristian Stromsoe: With fundamental research, we’re looking at an investment as if we were buying an entire company, rather than just the pieces of paper that represent the company’s stock. It is not driven by technicals, which focuses only on stock price movements. Fundamental analysis forces us to think about a company in a different way. I look deeply at the financial statements, the balance sheet in particular, to find businesses that I think are worth significantly more than what the current stock price indicates. As a small-cap value guy, I look to find strong businesses that have some predictability in their earnings and cash flows, then I wait for a short-term cloud on the horizon, some negative event that creates fear in the market and ther efore drives the price down and creates an opportunity for us to buy the stock at a reasonable price. That’s how our shareholders can benefit.
Taylor Hinshaw: Exactly. An essential part of fundamental investing, no matter what industry an analyst covers, is the focus on a company as a business rather than as a stock. I work to develop an opinion of the underlying value of that business on a stand-alone basis, not compared to what the market thinks of the company at any moment. It’s an appraisal process. Fundamental investors try to buy securities that are trading below what they think is the intrinsic worth of the company.
Q: How important is it to meet with a company’s management team?
Jessica: I cover the retail industry, which doesn’t have a lot of large barriers to entry. So it’s all about management execution. I try to figure out which companies can execute well day in and day out in the stores. From my perspective, it’s as important to talk to the management teams as it is to do research in the field. For example, meeting with management could in some cases change my investment thesis for a company. It might look good on paper, looking at the financials, and I can form a hypothetical investment case that the company will do well over the next several years. Then after meeting with management, I might not feel the drivers are there — maybe they are lacking in strategy or IT system development or a distribution netw ork — and I realize that the company may not be able to seize on the potential opportunity. So in that case, I might not make that investment although it looked interesting before.
Taylor: We always meet with management before we make any investment. It’s very important to avoid the bad actors, and often we do look for the “magic makers,” those exceptional teams that can do wonders under certain circumstances. However, I don’t rule out companies with management teams that may not be the most visionary. I follow large companies in mature industries, where there’s not a great deal of new market opportunities for even the most creative management team. I look for disciplined executives who have a focus on cost and are conservative with their capital. I like good operators who can run a solid business that generates good earnings and can deliver that year in and year out.
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Jessica Spaly, 12 years investment experience, covers U.S. retail industry.
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Kristian: I want to be close to managements but I don’t want to be too close either. I analyze small-capitalization companies across a broad range of industries and often these management teams are compelling and dynamic. I definitely want to hear what the companies have to say but I would not invest in a company solely because I like the management team. Because my focus is on truly understanding the business, I start by reading annual reports and filings, and the management team can fill in more details about the mechanics of the business; for example, why they can or can’t increase prices, or what they think is driving the business. I place more emphasis on what customers and suppliers and competitors are saying than what management is saying.
Q: What are the metrics you use to determine a company’s real value?
Jessica: There are different metrics that are important across industries and companies. The popular P/E ratio, price to earnings, can be useful sometimes but can be misleading; if a company for a short period of time sees reduced earnings, it could have a high P/E ratio but that doesn’t mean it’s overvalued. In the retail industry, I drill down deeply on many metrics, which can show the fundamental attractiveness and direction of the business over time: sales per square foot, incremental returns on capital, operating margins, asset turns. There are fundamental metrics about the profitability and health of the business, and then there are valuation metrics that tell you what you’re paying for it, and they are both very important to analyze.
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“Fundamental investors try to buy securities that are trading below what they think is the intrinsic worth of the company.”
Taylor Hinshaw
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“We’re using financial statements, along with other data points, to form a picture of what we think that company can earn over the long term.”
Jessica Spaly
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Taylor: It’s important to take a holistic view of company valuation that looks at more than the P/E ratio. I always start with the balance sheet, to find out how much capital is tied up in the business, what are the hidden assets and liabilities, what’s the liquidation value. If you can understand the balance sheet extraordinarily well, then you have a solid grounding to figure out what the business is going to earn in a wide variety of economic and cyclical environments. I think that using the P/E ratio in isolation could lead to terrible investment mistakes.
Kristian: I generally look at the sustainable free cash flow — after costs, after taxes, after everything the business needs to pay out — that a company can generate, now and in the past. Then I try to determine what it could generate for several years in the future. And then I figure out how much I would be willing to pay for that future cash flow. Ideally, I’d like to pay a price that has a significant discount to what I believe is the real value, in order to have a margin of safety.
Jessica: The fact is that at American Funds, no one is telling us what metrics to use. We get to use our judgment and tailor our approach to the company or to the questions at hand, which I think is the best way to get to the right answer.
Q: Do the benefits of fundamental investing become more apparent over the long term?
Kristian: Yes, absolutely. I am not trying to predict where a company’s stock price will be in a few months, but by deeply analyzing the company, I am trying to figure out what that company will look like five years in the future. I’m looking not at market sentiment or momentum, but at what I think a company is worth over the long term.
Taylor: Everything we do here is anchored in the long-term view. When you look at the long-term issues instead of the daily fluctuations, the questions you ask are different. This can make a significant difference over time in both the absolute level of returns and the volatility of returns, when generated by a fundamental-based investment strategy versus a technical- or momentum-based one.
Jessica: One of the advantages we have here is the fairly long investment horizon. The markets frequently overreact to short-term data points. Thus many of our opportunities arise from being able to look past whatever short-term issue is concerning the market, whether it’s positive or negative, and choose to either buy or sell on a longer term perspective than the market may be focused on at that moment. That perspective gives us the framework to build superior results for shareholders over time. We can wait and watch for the opportunities.
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The multiple portfolio counselor system
The multiple portfolio counselor system, an innovative combination of collaboration and independence among the fund’s managers, began more than 50 years ago. Instead of one portfolio manager making all the decisions for an entire fund, there are five counselors in charge of The New Economy Fund. However, this does not mean it is managed by a committee or team — each manager has sole responsibility for a slice of the fund’s assets. Each manages his or her portion independently, as if it were an entire fund, within the parameters of the fund’s overall objectives and guidelines. Another portion is managed collectively by the investment analysts on the fund, who invest only within their area of research coverage.
The fund uses this strategy to take advantage of the best of cooperation and of individual accountability. The basic concept is simple: Over the long term, the combined — yet independent — ideas of several experienced portfolio counselors and dozens of analysts are better than those of one manager or team that makes decisions based on the committee method. Portfolio counselors have the ability to pursue investment ideas and to act without having to gain consensus; this system differentiates American Funds from its competitors. The portfolio counselors and analysts have every incentive to work together.
The benefits of the multiple portfolio counselor system are that it gives the fund’s portfolio counselors the freedom to make independent decisions and capitalize on their strongest investment convictions. It adds depth and candor to debates about valuation and investment. It has smoothed the results of the fund overall, and it brings together many points of view honed by fundamental research.
The New Economy Fund’s portfolio counselors
The New Economy Fund currently has five portfolio counselors who bring together a combined 148 years of investment experience. Here are the specific years* of experience with American Funds for these primary decision-makers:
Gordon Crawford | 40 years |
Claudia P. Huntington | 38 years |
Mark E. Denning | 29 years |
Tim Armour | 28 years |
Harold La | 13 years |
*As of February 2011
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